极好的翻译材料.doc

考研、8级、翻译证初级操练30篇主讲人：Yang JingPassage 1 Smoking and CancerThe Center for Disease Control and Prevention says cigarette smoking is responsible for 151,322 cancer deaths annually in the United States. Most of those116,920are from lung cancer. The CDC says men who smoke are 22 times more likely to die from lung cancer than non-smokers. Women who smoke are 12 times more likely to die from the disease.Statistical studies have long shown that people who dont smoke live longer than people who do and scientists have seen statistically the correlation between smoking and incidences1 of lung cancer since the 1950s.A study earlier this year by Gerd Pfeifer of the Beckman Research Institute pinpointed specific carcinogens in cigarette smoke that target parts of a gene already known to be prominent in some cancers.Pfeifer wrote in Science that cigarette smoke causes changes in the gene p53, which protects against cancer when normal but promotes cancer growth when mutated.Another study, published by the American Cancer Society, said that low-tar cigarettes offered no relief from the potential of cancer, and in fact were responsible for a type of cancer that reaches deeper into lung tissue.Other cancers are also affected by cigarette smoke. An American Cancer Society researcher reported earlier this year that smoking increased mens risk of dying of prostate cancer, while other studies have linked tobacco use to increased risk of other cancers.Passage 2: Vocabulary and SuccessYour boss has a bigger vocabulary than you have. Thats one good reason why hes your boss.This discovery has been made in the word laboratories of the world. Not by theoretical English professors, but by practical, hardheaded scholars who have been searching for the secrets of success.After a host of experiments and years of testing they have found out: That if your vocabulary is limited, your chances of success are limited.That one of the easiest and quickest ways to get ahead is by consciously building up your knowledge1 of words. The vocabulary of the average person almost stops growing by the middle twenties. And that from then on it is necessary to have an intelligent2 plan if progress is to be made. No haphazard3 hit-or-miss4 methods will do.It has long since been satisfactorily established that a high executive does not have a large vocabulary merely because of the opportunities of his position6. That would be putting the cart before the horse. Quite the reverse is true. His skill in words was a tremendous help in getting him his job.Dr. Johnson OConnor of the Human Engineering Laboratory of Boston and of the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey, gave a vocabulary test to 100 young men who were studying to be industrial executives. Five years later those who had passed in the upper ten percent all, without exception, had executive positions, while not a single young man of the lower twenty-five per cent had become an executive.You see, there are certain factors in success that can be measured as scientifically as the contents of a test-tube, and it has been discovered that the most common characteristic7 of outstanding success is “an extensive knowledge of the exact meaning of English words.”Passage 3 中国加入世贸组织吸引外资是中国改革开放基本国策的重要组成部分。20多年来，随着改革开放逐步深化，中国利用外资的规模和质量不断扩大和提高。加入世贸组织，是中国社会主义市场经济发展的要求，也顺应了世界经济发展的客观趋势，必将为世界各国和地区同中国开展经济贸易合作提供前所未有的机遇。加入世贸组织后，中国将有步骤地开放银行、保险、电信、外贸、内贸、旅游等服务领域，制定统一、规范、透明的投资准入政策，抓紧制定和完善相关涉外法律法规，提高涉外经济工作依法行政水平，建立健全符合国际通行规则和我国国情的对外经济贸易体制。外商来中国投资，参与西部大开发，正面临着新的发展机遇。Passage 4 (p.12) 难 忘那年，我患了严重的精神疾病，住进医院。第五星期结束时，丈夫陪我去看院内医生。精神病科主任问了几个问题后，告诉我说：“你进步很快，很可能再过一星期，就可以出院了。” 丈夫和我相视而笑。出院后的一年半内，丈夫陪我每六个月去一次本地的心理卫生中心接受检查。每去一次，我的药量就减少一些，最后医生告诉我说，不必再服药了。这段时间，我逐渐恢复了精神失常前的生活。我很幸运，因为这类精神病多半可以治愈，患者中80%以上可以完全痊愈。 现在，折磨我很久的病痛已经一扫而空，我获得了新生，婚姻又和以前一样美满了。而我丈夫在那段可怕痛苦的日子里忠贞不渝的爱令我永生难忘。Passage 5: Music during surgery may ease patients recoveryHearing soothing music and encouraging words while under anesthesia may ease patients recovery after surgery, results of a Swedish study suggest. The findings were published in a recent issue of the journal Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.Even though people are unconscious when under general anesthesia, research suggests that the brain may be more aware of what happens during surgery than previously thought. Because of this so-called intra-operative awareness, patients may overhear the remarks of doctors and nurses, which could lead to anxiety and dissatisfaction after surgery, Dr. Ulrica Nilsson at Orebro Medical Center Hospital in Sweden and her colleagues report.To protect patients from inappropriate or misinterpreted comments overheard during surgery, “taped2 soothing music or music in combination with therapeutic suggestions could be provided to all patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia,” Nilsson suggested.“It is a noninvasive1 and inexpensive intervention that can improve some postoperative outcomes such as pain and fatigue,” she said.Nilssons team based their conclusions on a study of 90 women who were randomly assigned to listen to music, a combination of music and therapeutic words or ordinary sounds of the operating room during a hysterectomy.Although music and therapeutic suggestions provided benefits to patients, it did not have any effect on several other factors, including nausea, length of hospital stay and bowel function after surgery. The findings need to be confirmed in additional studies, the authors note.Passage 6 FoodThere are three main kinds of food. Sugar and starch are grouped together as carbohydrates; they are found1 in bread, potatoes and rice. These are mainly energy-giving foods which the muscles and other tissues use. Fats are also energy-giving food but do not give it up as quickly as the sugars and starches as they have to be broken down in the liver and made into sugar before they can be burnt2 by the body. Proteins, the third class, are the main solid part in all living cells. They are found in milk, meat and fish, and are necessary to the body to enable it to build new cells and repair old ones. For this reason growing children need more proteins than adults. As children are much more active than adults and use more energy for their size they need a lot of energy-giving foods, the carbohydrates. Children cannot get much of their energy from fat because it makes them unwell if they eat too much of it.In addition to these foods the body needs small quantities of protective substances called vitamins. Normal people need very little of these vitamins which they get easily in an ordinary diet, so there is no advantage in taking vitamin pills. Babies, however, get very little to eat but milk which contains barely enough so that they have to be given vitamins in orange juice to prevent scurvy, and cod-liver oil to prevent rickets.Passage 7 婚姻多少年来，我每天在固定的时间搭乘同一公共汽车，当然认识了许多人的脸。常客之中有个美丽的女郎，一上车就看书，一直看到下车为止。她总是把伞挂在门边的把手上，有几次险些忘记把伞拿走。有个青年已经对她倾慕很久，这把伞给了他跟她说话的机会。“你忘记拿伞了，”有一天他腼腆地对她说。她嫣然一笑。他们就这样认识了。后来有几个星期，有几次我看见他们坐在一起，谈得很起劲。又过了几个月，我看见他们手上戴了结婚戒指。可是他们不像以前那样健谈了，她又在看书，他在看报。我始终没注意到婚后两人关系已改变到什么地步，直到有一天她又忘记了拿伞。“你的伞！”她丈夫不耐烦地叫道跟过去温柔的态度完全不同了。Passage: 08(p.185) 雨和离别我向来害怕在雨天谈及离别的话题。但是，雨终于还是来了，朋友也终于离开了。此刻，我面前只留下了一杯冰冷的咖啡。我注视着这深色的液体，觉得注视着生命里一些不为人所知的细节。假如情绪可以溶化，我想，此刻7我的心便早已溶入了这杯苦涩的咖啡里。其实，我对咖啡并没有特别的热爱，相反，它很容易让我联想起一些生活中较为灰色且伤感的东西。我生命中经历的许多离别似乎都曾跟咖啡馆有着莫名的牵连。但我并不憎恨。在咖啡馆里我常能欣赏到好的音乐，这些音乐在这样的雨夜听起来，总是显得分外的轻柔，轻易地便挑起了我内心中最柔软的那一部分。Passage 9:He saw the beauty of what wasnt thereIt is late fall and once again the Palisades Parkway in New Jersey is alive with color. Maples, oaks, and sumacs paint the horizon with their autumn palettes and no one should miss this eye-drenching displayincluding children. So, on a bright, crisp Sunday I took my friends three children on a foliage drive.Two brothers and their sister, ages 8,6, and 4, bounced on the back seat to a chorus of giggles.Look at the leaves, I told them. Which colors can you see?Red, orange, brown, green they shouted, decibels(分贝) rising in competition with one another.Clear! Yelled Jimmy, the oldest.Clear? I asked, puzzled.Yeah, clear, he said, nodding his head with the absolute certainty of his 8-year-old convictions（深信，确信）.Which ones are clear? I asked. My imagination is usually pretty fertile, but he had me baffled.Those, over there, he said, pointing to a tree that had already shed most of its leaves.Jimmys eyes were focused on the naked brown-black branches etched（侵蚀） like pen-and-ink drawings against a perfect blue sky.But when he looked at those bald branches he did not see empty space, an absence of something that had been there before. He was not saddened by a tree bereft of its summer lush leaves as many of us often are. (To be continued)Passage 10:He saw the beauty of what wasnt thereJimmy saw a positive imageof leaves still on a treedisplaying a color called clear.I wondered if this was a joke, if Jimmy was being his usual comical self. But gazing at his face, I realized that he was completely serious about his observation.As I drove along, ruminating over childhood perceptions, I remembered a drawing class I had taken a long time ago.Our assignment had been to choose an area in the room or hallway and draw the positive space between objects.It was an eye-opener for me, and I was amazed at the variety of shapes and sizes that all this space produced. What I had always thought of as emptiness had considerable visual value. With this realization, I felt myself drawn to expand it, allow its cleanness and freedom to fill my page.It is similar to silence, I thoughtthe auditory positive space between sounds that has volume and tone and beauty all of its own.Orange, brown, clear, red, green, I heard from the back seat, in staccato6 bursts of three joyful voices as we bounced down the road.I wondered: Why are we so eager to fill up the clear with color, objects, and sounds?When did we stop feeling the beauty of clear?That evening I was regaling my friends with anecdotes of our foliage drive. Jimmy passed by just as I repeated his words of wisdom.He was still bewildered by my response of surprise.But7 those leaves were clear. Doesnt everyone know that?Passage 11一个朋友他不是一个说大话的人。他似乎完全生活在一个人的世界里。我记得，在他和我们共事的那段日子里，我们中没有人能确切地知道他是谁，来自何方，或者在寻求什么；之后他便消失了。自头一次见到他起，他便总是出现在我的周围。每次他向我投以微笑时，他同时也将一丝丝温暖和友情送入我的心房。我想每一天结束时，一定是他给了我无论如何也要继续下去的力量。他与我们共事一年后便去世了。是一次没有让他受苦痛的车祸夺走了他的生命。他妈妈告诉我说，就在一年前他失去了家庭，从此便没有开口说过话，再也没有说过一个字。他给予我如此之多，而我对他的了解却如此之少。那段日子里，我感到很内疚。可是从此以后，我开始将关心投向周围的人，我开始了新生。Passage 12:香港电影业香港是电影业很发达的地区之一。 从1909年香港拍摄第一部短故事片伊始，迄今已有80多年的历史了。在此期间，共生产影片多达七千多部。近年来，香港年产影片在百部左右。除了满足本地区消费文化的需要外，还努力开拓了日本、东南亚、北美等国际电影文化市场。香港是世界上最重要的金融中心之一，尤其是20世纪60年代以来，经济发展的速度很快。在这种社会制度下，大部分香港人缺乏历史感，形成了岛屿式的无根文化现象。基于这些因素，形成了兼容并蓄，重技术、技巧，着眼于娱乐的电影特色。1Passage 13:Benjamin Franklin: “The First American”How does one characterize Benjamin Franklin? Journalist, scientist, educator, politician, writer, administrator, philosopherhe truly seemed to be able to do almost everything. His accomplishments and the talents2 and interests which he displayed during the course of his long life1706 to 1790have caused him to be called both “the first American” and “the last universal man.”1Historian Samuel Eliot Morison gives this view of the man: “Franklins secret, the thing that made him tick3 and pulled every aspect of his mind together, was his love of people. He talked with English and French statesmen as an equal; he was as homely and comfortable as an old shoe.” Morison even speculated that if we had been alive in 1776 and had made a call upon Benjamin Franklin, he would have made us feel at home. He would have asked about our parents, and probably would have known them, or at least about them; he would then have asked us about ourselves, drawn us out4, and sent us away with some good advice, a handshake, and a smile.Benjamin was one of 17 children, all of who were expected to help support the large Franklin household. As a young child, he worked in the shop of his father, a soap and candlemaker, but this work did not appeal to a boy who loved to read and study. Therefore, when he was 12, Benjamin was sent to assist his half-brother James who had a printing shop. There, surrounded by books, young Ben would often stay up late into the night reading on a wide range of subjects; and as he read, he practiced improving his own style of writing.In 1721, James began publishing a newspaper, the New England Courant（报纸）. Benjamin secretly wrote articles for the paper under the pen name of “Dame Silence Dogood,” putting them under the door of the print shop late at night so that his brother would not know the articles were his. They were full of humor and wise observations of life in Boston, Franklins birthplace, and they immediately became popular with the public.Passage 14:A New Working RevolutionA silent revolution is sweeping America. According to Terri Lonier, self-styled “Lenin” of this movement, more and more people are working outside traditional corporate structures. She says: “I believe we are witnessing the biggest change in working peoples lives since the industrial revolution.”More than one-sixth of Americas working-age populationclose to 27 million peopledo not owe allegiance to a single employer. These people work mainly from home, selling their skills in the open marketplace. Plumbers, electricians and house painters have been doing it for years. What is strikingly new is the sheer scale of a phenomenon that straddles the social classes and promises to redefine the nature of work.Whether their field is marketing, sales, advertising, journalism, secretarial work, banking, catering or hi-tech, more and more people are discovering that possession of a saleable skill will provide them with the opportunity to go it alone, to shape their life free of the traditional corporate grip.Terri Loniers mission is to spread the word: her business, Working Solo Inc, dispenses advice to individuals who wish to go it alone and to big businesses eager to tap into the pool of independent talent. Lonier has published two booksWorking Solo and The Working Solo Sourcebookand she is in constant demand as a lecturer. Unlike earlier revolutionaries, she does not need a live audience. Lonier works from home in the Hudson Valley, 70 miles north of New York. She reaches her followers via her web site and has clients all over America, most of them a continent away in Californias Silicon Valley.Passage 15:生日随想清华的八月，是一个美丽的季节，碧绿的荷叶，粉红的荷花，在夕阳的照耀下，在晚风的吹拂中，散发着醉人的芳香。而八月，对我，总是会带来一种莫明的忧伤。因为，我的生日，就是在这个荷花开得正艳的月份里。一转眼，二十年就这样过去了，回首往事，是幸福，还是惆怅，恐怕连自己也难以搞清。虽然明知希望永远在前面，虽然在内心中有一种无意识的愈合过程，使得我们忘记那些我们曾痛下决心永远勿忘的往事，但是生活中的遗憾常常像风筝的牵线，引得我们频频回首，莫明感伤。我明白，只有今天才是唯一可以把握的生命，但是只有在这样的频频回首中，只有在朋友们的爱中，我才能找到继续前进的力量。Passage 16: 世外桃源的故事相传在晋朝的时候，有一个渔夫。一天他沿着小溪捕鱼, 无意中到了一个地方，只见两岸都是桃林，桃花如霞，绿草如茵。他继续向前走，到了一个山洞口，看见里面微微有光亮，就走了进去。起初，洞里很狭窄，走不远忽然天地豁然开朗。他看到了田园、农庄。老人悠闲地谈天，孩子快乐地嬉戏，男耕女织，人们和睦相处，生活幸福。他在那里受到了热情的款待。人们告诉他几百年前他们的祖先为躲避战乱而迁居到这里，从此他们就与世隔绝，根本不知道外面世界发生的变化。几天之后，他们为渔人送行，叮嘱他不要泄漏这件事。以后有很多人去寻找那个地方，但谁也没有成功。Passage 17: First SnowHe1 wasnt sure what had awakened him. Perhaps the child had made some small noise in her sleep. But as he peeked from beneath the covers, his gaze was drawn not to the cradle but to the window. It was then that he realized what had sneaked through the shield of his slumbers5. It was the sense of falling snow. Quietly, so as not to disturb the childs mother, he rose from the bed and inched toward the cradle. Reaching down, he gently lifted the warm bundle to his shoulder. Then, as he tiptoed from the bedroom, she lifted her head, opened her eyes anddaily dose of magicsmiled up at her dad. He carried her downstairs, counting the creaks on the way. Together, they settled in at the kitchen table, and the adult in him slipped away. Two children now, they pressed their noses against the glass. The light from the street lamp on the corner filtered down through the birch trees, casting a glow as green as a summer memory upon the winter-brown back yard. From the distance came the endless echo of the stoplight, flashing its ruby message, teasing like a dawn that would not come. The flakes were falling thick and hard now, pouring past the window, a waterfall of mystery. Occasionally, one would stick to the glass, as if reluctant to tumble to its fate. Then, slowly, slipping6 and sliding down the glass, it would melt, its beauty fleeting. Gone. Passage 18: First snowWithin an hour, a white tablecloth was spread upon the lawn. And as gray streaks of dawn unraveled along the black seam of the distant hills, father and daughter watched the new day ripple across the neighborhood.A porch light came on. A car door slammed. A television flickered.Across the street, a family scurried into gear2. But this day was different. Glimpsed through undraped window as they darted from room to room, the slim figures of the children seemed to grow ever fatter until, finally, the kitchen door flew open and out burst three awesomely bundled objects that set instantly to rolling in the snow.He wondered where they had learned this behavior. Even the littlest one, for whom this must have been the first real snowfall, seemed to know instinctively what to do.They rolled in it, they tasted it, they packed it into balls and tossed it at one another. The