八年级下册首字母填空精讲 .doc

首字母答题技巧及精选练习题题型简介首先介绍下首字母填空，也叫作综合填空的，首字母填空其实源于完形填空，也是一种完形填空，也就是非选择性完形填空。也有人成为主观型完形填空。做好首字母填空最基本的要求是词汇量达标。不但考大纲要求的基本1500个单词要熟练掌握，而且很多常用的课外大纲要求之外的单词也要掌握一部分，这是考得高分必须具备的要求。很多同学只是死记单词，其实记单词一定要结合语境，这样单词才有生存的鲜活环境，才有利于牢记。活学活用，掌握英语语言特点，多了解英语文化内涵才能学好英语，题目越接近英语原汁原味的资料才有利于学生的英语学习。首字母填空解题技巧首字母填空也称为限制型完形填空。它的特点是将一篇文章若干个词“掏空”，留下该词的首字母，它既作为提示又作为限制，让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整，使文章连贯。学生们在通读全文、掌握大意的前提下，采用先易后难，再逐项填空的应试策略。做题时要通过字里行间捕捉信息，既要理清逻辑，又要综合考虑，最后通过复读全文消除疏漏。给首字母填空类短文的阅读题属于能力测试的范畴，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。方法论 解题妙招 攻克首字母填空的利器本人根据多年教学经验，总结了一些个人经验及心得，其我认为的几种实用的方法，仅供学生和教师参考：一 关键词法。准确找到关键词或符号二 揣测句意法。也可以称为结合语境法三 判断词性法。也可称为句子成分判断法。准确判断画横线要填的词在句子里做主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语，这样有利于保证所填的词的正确形式万无一失。四 推理法。结合上下文的意思及上下文的逻辑关系推理判断该填的单词的正确形式。五固定搭配法。非常常用的一种方法，读完一句话明确觉得是某个词组的固定搭配的运用，这是首字母填空难度较小的一种题型。六句式法。首字母填空经常会考察学生固定搭配的熟练运用。例如it is +adj+for/of sb to do sth句式 , tooto句式, sothat句式, onethe other句式, spend some time/money on sth/doing sth, it take sb some time to do sth句式，熟练掌握句式才能正确答题，考必须掌握的句式大概有100多个，一定要熟练掌握，活学活用。四点注意事项1 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解 了解文章的大意短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过，单独几个单词不理解对文章大意理解无关痛痒。2 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词 构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，确定它的词义，有的同学仅仅靠平时的感觉打首字母填空，通读一遍能作答八分之七八十，难题冥思苦想也不得其解，其实都是联系少的缘故，只有多做多练才能掌握要领。3 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲技巧根据单词在句的位置，成分准确定位单词句子成分的分析对学英语是一项很重要的技巧，必须在语法书或者其他参考资料认真学习一下。4 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形 前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。首字母常见的形式无非是名词单复数，谓语动词的其五种形式，原形、三单、过去式、现在分词、过去分词，形容词和副词，代词甚至反身代词，连词，介词，数词量词等十大词类。有的同学填出了单词，但形式错误，这种低级错误岂不是遗憾。专练一i have just received a letter f_1_ my brother, tim he is in australia he has been there for six m_2_ tim is an engineer he is _3_ for a big firm and he has already visited a great n_4_ of different places in australia he has just b_5_ an australian car and has gone to alice springs, a small ton in the c_6_ of australia he ill soon v_7_ darin from there, he ill f_8_ to perth my brother has n_9_ been abroad before, so he is finding this t_10_ very exciting1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_专练二last eek i ent to the theatre i had a very good s_1_ the play as very interestingbut i did not enjoy it a young man and a young oman ere sitting b_2_ me they ere talking l_3_ i got very a_4_ i could not hear the actors i turned round i l_5_ at the man and the oman angrily they did not p_6_ any attention in the end, i could not b_7_ it i turned round a_8_ i cant hear a _9_! i said angrily its none of your business,(不关你的事 与你无关) the young man said r_10_ this is a private conversation!1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_专练三dogs are good pets they are very f 1 to people and also very beautiful most dogs get on very ell ith c 2 and their parents others are good atch-dogs because they cry loudly hen a s 3 arrives when you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s 4 buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y 5 is larger many people dont kno ho much to feed their dogs dogs eat a 6 anything! they like meat, rice and lots of other things you can buy lots of food m 7 for dogs in shops dont let your dogs eat too much feed it only once a day alays leave ater f l 8 your dog it can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s 9 remember that dogs need e 10 you should take it for a alk every day dont keep your dog inside all day1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_专练四april fools day is on april 1st people can play j 1 on others on this special d 2 if you succeed, you usually laugh and say “april fool!” the person ho has been fooled by you l 3 too, and he ill never be angry ith youmothers day is on the second sunday of may its a day to t 4 mothers on that day mothers usually receive floers and cards from their children fathers and children do the houseork so that mothers can have a r 5 easter day falls on the first sunday after the full moon hich is on or after march 21st its also called easter sunday it is said that on that day jesus christ comes back to l 6 many people go to church and children often get p 7 such thanksgiving day is on the fourth thursday in november its a day hen people give thanks for the good things in life usually families all get t8 and have a big dinnerchristmas day comes on d 9 25th its the most important festival in a year the beautiful things can be s 10 everyhere people exchange gifts, send christmas cards and visit friends1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_专练五once effendi had a joke ith the prime minister（首相） he said the minister 1 die the next day the next day, the minister really f 2 off the horse and died when the king h 3 of this, he got angry and sent his men to c 4 effendi at oncew 5 effendi came, the king shouted a 6 “effendi, since you kne hen my minister ould die, you must also kno the date of your on death say it out, or youll die today”effendi l 7 at the king and ansered, “but ho can i kno? ill die to days e 8 than you”the king as a 9 that he ould die if he killed effendi he thought he must keep effendi alive（活着）as long as he could so he l 10 him go1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_专练六in recent years, playing kite-board seems to become more and more popular in alaska in america it is a ne and old game the game has 1 the interest of many young people the game is interesting but a little d 2 one needs to play it very c 3 a kite-board is in fact a skateboard（滑雪板）dran（拉）by a fe big flying kites the old game as p 4 by some young people in holland and spain as e 5 as the last century since the board as hard to control, f 6 people dared（敢）to play it with the development of the design of kite and skateboard, many people can l 7 ho to play it a kite board may go as f 8 as about 50 kilometers an hour if you havent had any practice, youd better not play it it is not s 9 it is said that the game can exercise not only your b 10 but also the sensitivity of your brain（大脑的敏捷）1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_专练七can animals be made to ork for people? some scientists think that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs i 1 of people they say that at a circus（杂技场）,for example, e may see elephants, monkeys, dogs and other animals doing q 2 skillful（熟练的）things perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film if you atch closely, you may find that the trainer alays g 3 the animal some sugar o 4 a piece of fruit as a reard the scientists say that many d 5 animals may be trained to do a lot of simple things if they kno they ill get a reard f 6 doing thatof course, as e kno, dogs can be trained to look after a house, and soldiers in both old and modern t 7 have u 8 geese to give arning（警报）by m 9 a lot of noise hen an enemy comes near and also it may be possible to train animals to ork in families or f 10 1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_专练八food is very important everyone needs to e_1_ ell if he or she ants to have a strong body our minds also need a kind of food this kind of food is k_2_ we begin to get knoledge even _3_ e are very young small children are i_4_ in everything around them they learn s_5_ hile they are atching and listening when they are getting older, they begin to r_6_ story books, science books, anything they like when they find something ne, they love to ask questions and t_7_ to find out ansers what is the best _8_ to get knoledge? if e learn by ourselves, e ill get _9_ knoledge if e are alays getting ansers from others and do not ask _10_, e ill never learn ell when e study in the right ay, e ill learn more and understand better1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_ 专练九hy are e alays tired, do you kno? firstly if e cant sleep 1 ,e ill be tiredbut e are often too b 2 e cant f 3 our ork in the day and e must do it at n 4 e go to bed l 5 and get up e 6 so e cant sleep ellmost people need at 1east eight hours and some moreif e sleep for only five or six hours a night, e ill be tiredsecondly, hen e are ill e ill be t 7 but e dont kno e are illso if you are alays tired, perhaps you are not so h 8 youd better go to see a doctorthirdly, perhaps you cant eat some kinds of food like eggs, nuts, meat, chocolate or coffeeif you are ill and tired after eating some food, please dont eat it a 9 longerbut please eat more if you are ellat last, if the air around you isnt nice and clean，you ill feel tiredso please open your 10 often or go out for a alk and you ill feel better1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_专练十hearing the strange noise from the back of the car, the driver got out to have a look he looked over the car but as he found n 1 rong, he ent on his ay the noise began almost at the same time and no it as l 2 than ever quickly turning his head, he sa t 3 seemed to be a great black cloud folloing the car later on, he as stopped and told that a queen-bee （ 蜂王） m 4 be hidden in his car as there ere millions of bees nearbythe man drove aay as q 5 as possible, hoping to get aay from the bees after an hours hard driving, he stopped his car o 6 a hotel and ent in to have a drink as soon as he sat don, he as t 7 that his car as covered ith bees the p 8 driver had to telephone the police for h 9 a bee keeper as found and he as very g 10 to be asked to take the queen and her bees home1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_专练十一most people ant to ork, but it has become m 1 difficult in todays orld to find ork for e2 the economies(经济)of the orld n 3 to gro by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for people often this is not p 4 and so more people are 5 ork some people have no jobs no because ne machines can d 6 the ork of many people in a shorter time also, machines dont ask for more money and l 7 holidays in all of the countries of the orld machines are taking ork from people, not only in factories but also on f 8 one machine can often do the ork of forty people about 75000 people are m 9 to the cities a day to look for jobs, but o 10 70% of them can find jobs1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_专练十二someone says, “time is money,” but i think time is even more i1 than money why? because hen money is s2 e can get it b3 hoever, hen time is g 4 itll never return thats 5 e mustnt aste(浪费) time its sure that the t 6 is usually limited(有限的)even a second is very important we should make full use of our time to dosomething u7 but some people dont kno the importance of time they spend their limited time smoking, drinking and playing they do not kno that asting time means asting part of their on l8 in a ord, e should save time, e shouldnt l9 todays ork for tomorro remember e have no time to l10 1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_专练十三the u1 means the earth, the sun,the moon and the stars and the space b 2 them many of the stars are so f 3 aay that e can not see themthe moon, our satellite, travels a4 the earth it has already been visited b5 man from the earth man-made satellites have been sent up i6 space by many countries they go round the earth they are used for helping us to learn more a 7 the earth, the eather and other thingsthey are also used for sending and r 8 messages it makes people f 9 different countries understand each other much better so people say the orld itself is becoming a much s 10 place people call the small place “the global village” 1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_ 专练十四which animal do e need m 1 ? dogs? horses? no! the a2 to the question is cos why cos? cos give us milk and milk is one of our most important k3 of foodsuppose(假设)that all the milk cos make in one year ere put i4 bottles and suppose these bottles ere put side by side the line of bottles ould go all around the orld 400 t 5 that is a lot of milk, less than half of it is used for d 6 and cooking most of it is u 7 to make butter cheese, ice cream and many other things it takes many cos to give us that m8 milk but not as many as it used to a co used to give only about 1,500 quarts(夸脱)of milk a year no a fine co may g 9 more than 3,000 quarts in a yearwhy do cos give more milk today? no farmers have better cos the cos get better c10 and better food1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_ 专练十五climbing a mountain is hard ork but one step after another finally brings a person to the t1 along the ay, he can stop and look a 2 and the h 3 he climbs, the more onderful his vie(视野) is if he keeps climbing, he ill have a ne orld before him he ill have a ne ay of t4 everythingno learning a f5 language is something like climbing a mountain this ne language can give you a ne vie of life and it is more than a look at the surface(表面) of things it can open the ay into peoples minds and hearts, into a culture(文化) very d6 from the one of your on this ill make you richer, e 7 in things that money cant buy even though you never set foot on a ship or a plane, you can be an armchair 8 through bookslike the mountain climber ho stops no and then to l 9 at the scenery around him, everyone ho is interested in reading ill find p 10 in books as he fights on to learn more and more of that ne language1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_ 专练十六traveling to all countries of the orld gets easier and easier, but ho ell do e kno and u 1 each other? here is a simple test imagine(设想) you ill hold a m 2 at four oclock, hat time should you e 3 your foreign business friends to come? if they are german, they ill a 4 on time if they are american, theyll probably be fifteen minutes early if they are british, theyll be fifteen minutes latethe british seemed to think since the english l 5 as idely used in the orld, hat they did as certain to be idely understood very soon they f 6 they ere completely(完全地) rong for e 7 , the british are happy to have a business lunch and discuss business matters ith a drink during the meal; the japanese p 8 not to ork hile eating lunch is a time for them to relax and get to kno e 9 other, and they dont drink at lunch the germans like to talk about business b 10 dinner; the french like to eat first and talk afterards they have to be ell fed and atered before they discuss anything1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_ 专练十七last may i stayed in santo lusa for a eek that as my f 1 trip there one morning i p 2 to visit a famous museum, but i didnt kno 3 ay to go, so i stopped a stranger and asked, “excuse me, does this street lead(通向)to the grand museum?” “yes,” he ansered “go along this street and turn left at the second crossing you cant m 4 it” so i 5 to blocks(街区) and turned to my left, but the museum 6 there then i asked a second stranger he said, “go along this street and turn left at the second crossing” but a 7 i couldnt find the museum i asked a third stranger and he said the same thingthis time i found the grand museum just then s 8 alked up and said “excuse me wheres the nearest b 9 ?” i ansered q 10 , “go along this street and turn left at the second crossing!”1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_ 专练十八most american families are smaller than the families in other countries most american families have one or to p 1 and one or to children each children in the us ill leave their parents home hen they gro up they usually live f 2 from their parents because they ant to find good jobs they often rite to their parents or t 3 them and they often go to v 4 their parents on holidayparents usually