非谓语动词十大解题原则---教师版.doc

非谓语动词非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，老师在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则，并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则。根据这些原则，相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。非谓语动词的形式分类形式一般式进行式完成式不定式主动式to doto be doingto have done被动式to be done无to have been doneV-ing主动式doing无having done被动式being done无having been done过去分词done规律性非谓语动词试题的解题步骤（有提示词）高考中大部分的非谓语动词试题都属于规律性的试题，解答这种类型的题目时，我们需按照“找逻辑主语、判断关系、判断形式”三个步骤来解题，即“第一，找非谓语动词的逻辑主语；第二，判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的逻辑关系，主动？被动？还是表示目的或者将来？ 第三，判断非谓语动词的形式。”注意：在语法填空中，首先要判断所给提示词在句中到底是做谓语还是非谓语。判定用非谓语动词形式的根本依据就是“句中已有谓语”，即，句子不缺谓语的情况下，所给提示词才能考虑用其非谓语动词形式。一、区分简单句与复合句，判断式谓语动词还是非谓语动词1. That was definitely not an attractive idea, so I politely declined her invitation, _closed_(close) my book and walked away.2. We also have to consider the feeling of the person_receiving_( receive) the gift.3. Although he has been told many times, he still made (make) the same mistake.4. He won the first prize and surprised (surprise) all of us.5. With so many people communicating (communicate) in English every day, it will become more important to have a good knowledge of English.6. Nowadays, almost everyone_ realizes (realize) that smoking is harmful to peoples health.7. There was (be) no bus, I had to walk home.8. Spend (spend) more time on your study, and you are likely to make bigger progress.9. Spending (spend) more time on your study is necessary for you to make progress in study.10. He totally devoted himself to science study, which made (make) his family very upset.11. What the shop is selling (sell) now attracts a lot of customers.12. The belief is that everyone depends (depend) on themselves, and the choice they make is of great importance.非谓语动词在高考中的具体应用一、非谓语动词作状语的题型：1. _Seen_ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.2. It rained heavily in the south, _causing_ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.3. _To complete_ (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. 解题思路：1. 从句中“is”可判定句中已有谓语了，表明句子不缺谓语，那也就表明所给提示词“see”在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式，即非谓语动词形式；此时就可以利用三步骤来分析决定用哪一种非谓语形式了：第一、“see”的逻辑主语就是句子的主语“the south foot of the mountain”；第二、“the south foot of the mountain”和“see”之间是“被看的”被动关系；第三、动词的过去分词表示被动关系，因此第1题应填“seen”，作方式状语。2. 从句中“rained”可判定句子已有谓语了，说明所给提示词“cause”在句中作非谓语，“cause”的逻辑主语就是句子主语“it”，两者是主动的关系，即“大雨导致洪涝”；现在分词表示主动关系，因此第2题应填“causing”，作结果状语。3. 按照以上分析方法可判定“complete”在句中作非谓语，“complete”和其逻辑主语，即句子主语“the staff”，是主动关系，但“complete”在此处是表达目的，动词不定式表示目的或将来，因此第3题应填“to complete”。二、非谓语动词作定语的题型：1. A great number of students _questioned_ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.2. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _to be repaired_ (repair) first is the library.解题思路：1. 先以“抽主干”的方式来划分句子成分，也可用此方法简化句子，以便更好地理解：“A great number of students”的中心词为“students”，做主语，句子谓语是“said”，“ they were forced to practice the piano”在句中作宾语，即宾语从句；所给提示词“question”作动词使用时，意为“问（某人）问题”，在句中作定语，修饰“students”，应用其非谓语形式；此时就可用三步骤来决定用哪一种非谓语动词形式了：第一、“question”的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词“students”；第二、两者之间是被动的关系，翻译为“被问的学生”；第三、动词的过去分词表示被动，由此综合可判定此处应填“questioned”。2. 由“but”一连词可知这是一个并列句，我们重点看后面的小分句：the one是句子的主语，is the library是系表结构作谓语，所给提示词“repair”在句中作定语修饰“the one”，应用其非谓语形式。三步骤分析：repair的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的代词the one，两者之间是被动的关系，再者，repair的时间从语境分析应是将来时间，动词不定式表示将来或目的。综上所述，repair应用其动词不定式的被动形式，即“to be repaired”；本句意为“城市里面的许多建筑物都需要维修了，而第一个需要维修的建筑物就是图书馆。”十大解题原则原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词例1. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Having toldC. He had been told D. Though he had been told例2_ many times, he still couldnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Having toldC. He had been told D. Though he had told解析：例1中有连词but连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为C。例2中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用非谓语动词，根据句意此处为被动，所以答案为A。原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式例3. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing解析：lose为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed形式，答案为B。例4. _, I really believe that Id prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationD. Giving all the possibilities解析：把。考虑进来结构为take sth into consideration，现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities，所以用-ing形式，答案为B。原则三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前例5. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件”，没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前，所以用having done，答案为D。例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.A. to have founded B. having foundedC. founding D. to found解析：根据句意，Tim Bemers-Lee创立万维网应该是过去的事情，而且be considered后面应该用动词不定式，所以应该用to have done，答案为A。原则四、非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用-to do，表正在进行用-ing，表示已经完成用-ed例7. The play_ next month aims mainly to reflect the local cultureAproduced Bbeing producedCto be produced Dhaving been produced解析：根据本题中的时间状语next month，可知the play将要于下月被创作出来，表将来应该用to do，所以答案为C。例8.The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown down B. blown downC. blowing down D. to blow down解析：根据句意“被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了”，树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作，表已经完成用-ed形式，所以答案为B。原则五、介词后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加逻辑主语例9. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caughtC. catch the thief D. the thief being caught解析：本题led to中的to是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，the thief作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为D。例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close解析：本题the noise of中的of是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，desks作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为C。原则六、-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语，-ed形式则不可以例11. _ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch解析：本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。例12 _twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. Examining B. ExaminedC. Being examined D. Having been examined解析：本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语例13Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one.A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared解析：“和。相比较”结构为be compared with，现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为D。例14 _ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing解析：“面对”结构为be faced with, 现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为C。原则八、非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构例15 _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman一致，the postman应该是被咬，所以答案为B。例16._ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语he一致, he 和walk应该是主动关系，所以答案为B。例17. While watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings解析：根据“非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的原则，watching的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致，所以句子主语应为“we”，答案为C。例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day.A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished解析：本题没有连词，所以后面应用非谓语动词，the lessons是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。根据句意应是“被完成”，所以答案为B。原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式）。另外，某些形容词（表喜、怒、哀、乐）做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因例19_, you need to give all you have and try your best.A. Being a winner B. To be a winnerC. Be a winner D. Having been a winner解析：根据句意“要想成为获胜者，你要付出所有，尽最大努力”，此处表目的，所以答案为B。例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told解析：本句句意为“记者们匆匆赶到机场，却被告知明星们已经走了”，表出乎意料的结果常常用only to do，所以答案为B。例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let解析：本题句意为“玻璃门替换了木头门，自然光就进来了”，自然光进来时顺其自然的结果，所以用doing, 答案为B。例22.How glad I am _ you!A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. having seen解析： 本题是I am glad to see you 的感叹句形式，to see you 是原因状语，答案为B。原则十、 非谓语动词的否定原则是在非谓语动词前加not，有not to do, not doing, not having done, not to have done几种形式例23_that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realized B. Not to realizeC. Not realizing D. Not to have realized解析： 本题考查doing的否定形式not doing，答案为 C。例24. What worried him most was _ to visit his sick child.A. his being not allowed B. his not being allowedC. his not allowing D. having not been allowed解析：本题考查being done的否定形式not being done; his 为not being done的逻辑主语，所以答案为B。例25. Sarah has decided _ away on holiday this summer.A. dont go B. to not go C. not going D. not to go解析：本题考查to do的否定形式not to do, 所以答案为D。考点突破，真题演练单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. _Walking_ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国)2. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _arguing_(argue) with him. (上海)3. Please remain _seated_(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (辽宁)4. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We arent allowed _to smoke_(smoke) here. (江苏)5. It is difficult to imagine his _accepting_(accept) the decision without any consideration. (陕西)6. I cant stand _working_(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses to stop_(stop) talking while she works. (北京)7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _repairing/to be repaired_ (repair). (陕西)8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _to live_ (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (湖南)9. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _not to take_(not take) his advice! (安徽)10. If you think that treating a woman well means always _getting_ (get) her permission for things, think again. (湖南)11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks being opened and closed_(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. (全国)12. They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed to _not talking_ (not talk) at meals. (江苏)13. Isnt it time you got down to _mark_(mark) the papers? (重庆)14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _setting_ (set) up some schools for poor children. (上海)15. She looks forward every spring to _walking_ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. (上海)16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _passing_ (pass) the exam. (福建)17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _(in) watching_(watch) TV. (上海)18. I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _happening (happen) again. (全国)19. Did you have trouble in_finding_ (find) the post office? (全国)20. Sandy could do nothing but admit_ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. (上海)21. I smell something _burning (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全国)22. Dont leave the water _running_ (run) while you brush your teeth. (天津)23. It was so cold that they kept the fire _burning_ (burn) all night. (全国)24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _to be carried_ (carry) out the next year. (全国)25. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _spoken_ (speak) as much as we can. (江苏)26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _interested_(interest) in his lectures. (江苏)27. Energy drinks are not allowed to be made_(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海) 28. My adviser encouraged me _to take_(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京) 29. My parents have always made me _feel_(feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. (江苏)30. They knew her very well. They had seen her grow (grow) up from childhood. (全国)31. The mother felt herself _grow_(grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (上海)32. Paul doesnt have to be made _to learn_ (learn). He always works hard. (全国)33. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _filling_(fill) my mind, I almost break down. (福建)34. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished_ (finish), he gladly accepted it. (安徽)35. With a lot of difficult problems _set_ (set), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海)36. The director had her assistant _pick_(pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. (全国)37. Did Peter fix the computer himself? He had