北外历年英汉同声传译专业考研试题2001--2009.doc

北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷1北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷(复语班)6北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题11北外2007年英汉同声传译专业考研试题16北外2006年英汉同声传译专业考研试题22北外2005年英汉同声传译专业考研试题27北外2004年英汉同声传译专业考研试题32北外2003年英汉同声传译专业考研试题36北外2002年英汉同声传译专业考研试题41北外2001年英汉同声传译专业考研试题45北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷I.将下列文章译成汉语 (50分)India and China need help to grow, not hectoringEvery time there is a spike in oil prices, or when food costs more, or there is a renewed worry about carbon and climate change, academics, pundits, and the press immediately point to the high-consumption future of India and China.They are wrong to do so when we consider the causes of energy and food challenges, and, more importantly, when we think of the actions and policies needed to manage changes in coming decades. If it is questionable that India and China are to blame for the global energy crunch, it is even less acceptable to expect them to adhere to pleas to moderate their energy consumption.Historically, energy consumption has correlated with economic growth. The present debate over energy often focuses on two dimensions: climate change (from greenhouse gases), and the scarcity of fossil fuels.With growing populations and economies, India and China will certainly consume a growing fraction of global resources, but they consume only 3 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively, of the worlds petroleum today. The global leader, the US, consumes just under a quarter.Looking at future options, why does it matter if India and China are or are not similar in terms of energy consumption and needs? Global treaties aim to modify future consumption, and mechanisms or formulae that are considered fair (and likely to be ratified) must be cognizant of differences. Given the differences in their systems, needs, and incentives, a proposal meant to appeal to both may not appeal to either. Without global participation, no solution is likely work.China already has the worlds second-largest electricity grid, and, at current rates of growth, it will soon become the largest electricity producer in the world. Like India, most of this is based on coal, the least “green” of the leading fossil fuels.Indias present installed electricity capacity is not in the same league. The result is that, for the coming decade, it will not be able to grow at a rate anywhere near that of China. In absolute net growth, the US will add more than twice as much capacity than India in 2007-08.Chinas growth of energy consumption has been positive for its population. It has now provided electricity to an estimated 98 per cent of households, unlike India or Africa. India has not met its energy growth targets even in the absence of carbon constraints can we realistically expect it to moderate due to global concerns when it will say it is not the prime polluter?(425)II.将下列短文译成汉语(25分)The Cause of EarthquakesThe earth is divided into three main layers - a hard outer crust, a soft middle layer and a center core. The outer crust is broken into massive, irregular pieces called plates. These plates move very slowly, driven by energy forces deep within the earth. Earthquakes occur when these moving plates grind and scrape against each other.In California, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate meet. The Pacific Plate covers most of the Pacific Ocean floor and the California coastline. The North American Plate stretches across the North American continent and parts of the Atlantic Ocean. The primary boundary between them is the San Andreas Fault. It is more than 650 miles long and extends 10 miles deep. Many smaller faults, such as the Hayward Fault, branch from the San Andreas Fault.The Pacific Plate grinds northwestward past the North American Plate at a rate of about two inches per year. Parts of the San Andreas Fault system adapt to this movement by a constant creep resulting in frequent, moderate, earth tremors. In other areas, movement is not constant and strain can build up for hundreds of years resulting in strong earthquakes when it is released.Unlike other natural disasters, there is no warning for earthquakes. Future earthquakes are a serious threat to Californians, which is why the Fire Department recommends preparing before an earthquake hits. (232)III. 将下列文章译成英语(50分)“将来韵韵考上北大或牛津，我可能都不会这么兴奋!”魏伦斯感慨道。韵韵是她的儿子，今年3岁。前不久，他终于被一家公办托儿所“录取”。“胜出”的条件之一是，可一次性交清“赞助费”3万元人民币。尽管有明码标价-按照教育局、财政局等部门的文件规定收费，但不少公办托儿所都要收取规定之外、不怎么合法的“赞助费”以及各种名目的费用，实际上，除了每月700元的日托费，这些已成为约定俗成的“必须”费用，一般在几千元至几万元不等。“赞助费我们交得非常心甘情愿，毕竟儿子没有输在起跑线上。”魏伦斯说。她与丈夫的年收入加起来近22万元人民币，与很多人相比，算是比较“有钱”的，但他们还是最终放弃了一家赞助费要5万的“更好一些”的托儿所，“这属于漫天要价了。”魏伦斯也感受到“无底洞”的压力与负担，她要随时准备交费、交费、再交费。托儿所经常开展联谊活动、户外比赛，并要统一服装-都需要家长另外付费。魏伦斯自己也明白，家长们对学前教育期望值过高，导致了托儿所费用的水涨船高。据她了解，很多父母均认同这样一种看法：如今每个家庭都是一个孩子，于是一些托儿所利用家长“望子成龙”(“望女成凤”)的心态，“投其所好”，想方设法推出各种名目的学前教育计划和培养目标，无形中，也大大增加了家长的投入。(538)IV. 将下列短文译成英语(25分)目前，在我国许多农民并不是没有能力消费，而是不敢消费。不敢消费的原因，除了世世代代养成能俭即俭、能不要就不要的良好生活习惯外，根本原因在于农民需要为今后的日子做好储蓄准备。所以，我们能否给农民一个放心的保障体系，成为能否拉得动农民消费的关键。农民不敢消费，而是把钱积蓄起来的目的主要有三个：一是养老，二是看病，三是教育。由此可见，我们要使农民敢于消费关键在于为农民建立一个以养老、医疗、教育为主的完善社会保障体系。这个社会保障体系一旦建立起来，农民自然而然就会敢于消费。(235)北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷(复语班)一、将下列段落译为汉语(25分)Nevertheless, instead of expanding north, the Japanese moved south. By 1937, the conflict had spread to all of eastern China and the war had begun in earnest. Anti-Japanese feeling was exacerbated by the attack by the Japanese on Chinese soldiers and civilians at the Marco Polo Bridge, next to which was a vital railway line, in July 1937. Because of its strategic importance (it was only ten miles west of Beijing), Japanese troops in northern China had been conducting manoeuvres in the area. However, on 7 July 1937, after a Japanese night manoeuvre during which the Chinese had fired some shells, a Japanese soldier went missing. In retaliation, the Japanese attacked and war commenced. This may rightly be designated the first battle of the Second World War.By the end of July, Japanese soldiers had not only seized the bridge but taken control of the entire TientsinPeking region. The speed with which Japanese troops conquered parts of China was astounding. By 1938, Canton had fallen and, despite notable military victories, including one in the town of Taierzhuang in southern Shantung, where 30,000 Japanese soldiers were killed by Nationalist Chinese troops, the Chinese were at a distinct disadvantage. The Japanese military was vastly superior. As late as 1940, China had only 150 military aircraft compared with the Japanese total of over 1,000. By the end of 1939, the whole of the north-eastern quarter of China was under Japanese occupation. Still, the Chinese did not surrender, forcing Japan to move still further inland, lengthening supply routes and stretching manpower to absolute limits. What followed was a war of attrition. (268 words)二、将下列短文译为汉语(50分)Thailand: An Exceptional Case?A few years ago a graduate student named Kanchana came to my office to see if I would be willing to supervise a paper she wanted to write on legal protections for cultural artifacts taken from Thailand, her native country. After an interesting discussion about possible approaches to her paper, I asked Kanchana a question that, in retrospect, would probably be grounds for a lawsuit under todays standards of political correctnessI asked whether she was an ethnic Chinese.Kanchanas reply: “But the Thai are Chinese.” She then instantly retreated: “Wellpart Chinese. I have Chinese blood. Everyone in Thailand does. Well almost everyone does.”Thailand is a fascinating case. On the one hand, it shares with the other Southeast Asian countries the phenomenon of a wildly disproportionately wealthy, market-dominant Chinese minority. The Chinese in Thailand today, although just i o percent of the population, control virtually all of the countrys largest banks and conglomerates. All of Thailands billionaires are ethnic Chinese. On the other hand, as Kanchanas comments suggest, unlike elsewhere in Southeast Asia, the Chinese have assimilated quite successfully into Thailand, and there is relatively little anti-Chinese animus. In Thailand today, many Thai Chinese speak only Thai and consider themselves as Thai as their indigenous counterparts. Intermarriage rates between the Chinese and the indigenous majority (many of whom, at least in Bangkok, have some Chinese ancestry already) are much higher than elsewhere in Southeast Asia. Perhaps most strikingly, the countrys top political leaders, including a recent prime minister, are often of Chinese descent, although they usually have Thai- sounding surnames and speak little or no Chinese.Although interethnic socializing and intermarriage may seem perfectly normal to Westerners, it bears emphasizing how markedly Thailand differs in this regard from her Southeast Asian neighbors. In Indonesia and Malaysia, for example, rates of intermarriage between the Chinese and the indigenous majority are close to zero. The Chinese in these countries remain a conspicuously insular minority, living, working, and socializing entirely separately from the indigenous majorities.Many have speculated about the reasons for the starkly different rates of intermarriage and assimilation. According to one professor of law from Singapore, the main reason is the “pork factor.” “Indonesians and Malaysians are mostly Muslims,” he explains, “and they dont eat pork. The Chinese love pork; they eat it all the time. And for Chinese, eating is a huge part of their lives. Thus, social interactions are impossible.” This professor was being facetious, but he is clearly right that religion has played an important role: Thailand is not Muslim but largely Buddhist, a cultural affinity that has made assimilation much easier for the Thai Chinese, many of whom adhere to a syncretic combination of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism.(455字)三、将下列段落译为英语(25分)胡锦涛在主持学习时发表了讲话。他指出，金融是现代经济的核心。随着经济全球化深入发展，随着我国经济持续快速发展和工业化、城镇化、市场化、国际化进程加快，金融日益广泛地影响着我国经济社会生活的各个方面，金融也与人民群众切身利益息息相关。在金融对经济社会发展的作用越来越重要、国内外金融市场联系 和相互影响越来越密切的形势下，做好金融工作，保障金融安全，是推动经济社会又好又快发展的基本条件，是维护经济安全、促进社会和谐的重要保障，越来越成为关系全局的重大问题。 (227字)四、将下列短文译为英语(50分)在近日新华社的另一篇报道中，记者在黄河流域一些省区采访时就发现一个奇怪的现象：污染企业“扎堆”的地方，环保部门衣食无忧;而在污染企 业被大量关停的地方，环保人员却连工资都发不出来，以至于“治污越好环保部门越穷”。究其原因在于，这些地方的环保部门，或是财政预算“黑户”，或是财政拨款严重不足，主要靠“自收自支”维持生存。那么，为何会出现“财政不养环保”呢?报道引用有关专业人士的说法认为：“关键是在一些领导眼中，环保和发展 是对立的，花钱搞环保不如投资上项目，有的领导甚至提出宁可呛死，不能饿死的观点。”因而，某些环保部门为污染企业说话，某些环保局长更像是污染企业的代言人，这绝不能简单看成是“个别部门职能错位”的结果，更不能以“个别执法人员素质低下”为由搪塞了事，相反，应当引起我们的高度警惕和深刻反思其背后所揭示出的是一些地方环保执法的尴尬困局。无疑，只有正视这样的执法困局，只有努力想办法化解这样的执法困局，我们的环保工作才有可能获得良好的执法环境，我们才有可能真正走出“先污染、后治理”或者“边治理、边污染”的怪圈。(461字)北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题.将下列段落译为汉语（25分） Outside Europe, the most important powers in 1939 were undoubtedly Japan and the United States. Japan was at the time already deeply involved in hostilities with China. After seizing the northern provinces of that country in 1931 and organizing them into the puppet state of Manchukuo, Japan had tried to protect its rich loot and to expand its influence in China by a series of interventions, particularly in the rest of northern China. These steps had not surprisingly produced a rising tide of anti-Japanese sentiments in China, which in turn led the Japanese to embroil themselves even more deeply into Chinese affairs. When this tendency to interfere in China was combined with a degree of internal confusion and incoherence within the Japanese government that made the Chinese warlords of the time look well organized, new trouble was almost certain to follow. (141 words) . 将下列短文译为汉语（50分） Inflation: Chinas least wanted exportWhen inflation starts to kill people then it is a serious problem. Three people died and 31 were injured on Saturday in a stampede to buy cut-price cooking oil in the western Chinese city of Chongqing. China can no longer explain away inflation as a short-term result of floods and epidemics of animal disease ? nor can it ignore the strains its macroeconomic policies are producing.Cooking oil is a special case ? its price influenced by demand from Chinas glut of new biofuel refineries ? but the broader price of food has risen in recent months by more than 15 per cent compared with a year earlier. Floods and other acts of God have had their effect, as has the global rise in wheat prices, but there are structural forces at work as well.Nor is inflation confined to food any longer: producer prices are creeping up. The PPI for manufactured goods was up 3.2 per cent in October ? many steel products rose by more than 10 per cent ? and the PPI is likely to go even higher when the recent 10 per cent hike in the controlled pump price of diesel feeds through. Given the likelihood that more state-controlled prices will have to rise, and given that the official inflation data do not properly capture important prices, such as the cost of education, the real situation may be even worse.That is a worry for the rest of the world, used to enjoying the “China price”, a seemingly open-ended deflationary pressure on the world economy. The surge in Chinese inflation since June has barely fed through into export prices yet ? but it will. Chinas currency has also been gently appreciating, but so far improvements in productivity have meant that Chinese manufacturers have not needed to raise export prices. If currency appreciation speeds up, that will change.The renminbi may have to rise faster because the tools that China is using to tackle inflation have not worked. Bank reserve requirements were hiked again over the weekend, to 13.5 per cent, but the strain on the banking sectors profitability will start to tell. Interest rates have risen repeatedly, but with CPI inflation above 6 per cent, and benchmark lending rates only slightly higher, real interest rates are low.There must now be a low, but non-zero, probability that China opts for a one-off revaluation of the renminbi in order to ease its domestic monetary problems. That would be the right move. The adjustment would be easier both for China and for the rest of the world if the renminbi had not been kept so low for so long. But the pain of unwinding global imbalances will only get worse the longer they are left. (451 words).将下列段落译为英语（25分） 科学发展观是协调的发展观。唯物辩证法认为，世界是普遍联系的，任何事物的发展必然与其他事物相互联系、相互制约，只有协调好各方面关系，才能实现健康发展；否则，只能是畸形的发展。要实现全面发展，就必须立足新的历史起点，处理好由发展的阶段性特征所伴生的新矛盾和新问题，因此，协调发展是实现全面发展的正确道路和政策途径。协调发展，是指各个方面的发展要相互适应，就是要统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放，促进现代化建设各个环节、各个方面相协调，促进生产关系与生产力、上层建筑与经济基础相协调。(268字) .将下列短文译为英语（50分） 无论如何，创造财富的物质资源，不论其初始分配如何，最终是要通过各种各样的渠道，流入到具有企业家精神的人手里，这是自由市场的一个基本趋势。这些人获得对他人的财富的支配权、使用权，以之为自己创造财富，并积累财富。这正是自由市场具有效率的根源。它可以动态地、自发地把资源从资源利用效率较低的人手里转移到资源利用效率较高的人手里。 中国人讲“富不过三代”，其中有一些无奈，但也揭示了自由市场的精髓所在：财富本身并不能充当财富的保障。因为，财富本来就不是财富创造出来的。所以，由于企业家精神积累了财富的人的后代，未必总是能够最有效地利用他们手里所掌握的资源。如果是在身份制社会，这就将损害全社会的资源利用效率。而自由市场向这些家庭提供了足够的制度安排，使之自然地将其掌握资源交给富有企业家精神的人控制。假如他们不愿意这样做，那市场就会无情地淘汰他们，以破产倒闭的方式使其交出对资源的控制权。市场总是顽固地要把资源转移到能力最高的企业家手里。权力控制经济的社会、身份制社会、国有企业制度，都无法做到这一点，因而其经济整体效率必然要比市场配置资源的社会低很多。 所以，假如人们期望市场发挥其高效配置资源的功能，那就根本没有必要去操心成功的企业家退休之时如何安排企业的未来。反正财富、资源是要向具有 企业家精神的人手里集中的，只要市场是自由的，这种趋势无人能够改变。那么，对社会来说，最重要的事情是设计种种健全的制度，让那些不具有企业家精神的人 可以方便地将其资源控制交给富有企业家精神的人，而企业家只要可以充分发挥其企业家精神、其财产权得到切实保障，自然可以发现、创造出这些制度来。(680字)北外2007年英汉同声传译专业考研试题.将下列短文译成汉语(25分) After 28 years of reform, China faces challenges of an unprecedented scale, complexity, and importance. China has already liberalized its markets, opened up to foreign trade and investment, and become a global economic powerhouse. Now its leaders and people must deal with popular dissatisfaction with local government, environmental degradation, scarce natural resources, an underdeveloped financial system, an inadequate health-care system, a restless rural population, urbanization on a massive scale, and increasing social inequality. Most of these problems, of course, have existed throughout the period of reform. What is different now is that the pace of change is accelerating while the ability of the state to manage that change is not keeping pace. Solving any one of these problems by itself would be a formidable task. And the Chinese government today finds it harder than ever to attract, develop, and retain talent. Graduates from the countrys top universities, who once would have filled government posts, are instead choosing to take jobs in the private sector. Moreover, the structure of the countrys bureaucracy stifles initiative and promotes mediocrity. Worse, many officials, from the village to the central government, are corrupt, eroding the governments effectiveness and feeding popular discontent. Of all of Chinas challenges, none is more critical - or more daunting - than that of nurturing a new generation of leaders who are skilled, honest, committed to public service, and accountable to the Chinese people as a whole. 将下列文章译成汉语 (50分)The New Middle EastJust over two centuries since Napoleons arrival in Egypt heralded the advent of the modern Middle East - some 80 years after the demise of the Ottoman Empire, 50 years after the end of colonialism, and less than 20 years after the end of the Cold War - the American era in the Middle East, the fourth in the regions modern history, has ended. Visions of a new, Europe-like region-peaceful, prosperous, democratic-will not be realized. Much more likely is the emergence of a new Middle East that will cause great harm to itself, the United States, and the world. The modern Middle East was born in the late eighteenth century. For some historians, the signal event was the 1774 signing of the treaty that ended the war between the Ottoman Empire and Russia; a stronger case can be made for the importance of Napoleons relatively easy entry into Egypt in 1798, which showed Europeans that the region was ripe for conquest and prompted