初中形容词、副词讲解.doc

形容词和副词比较等级的构成：1.规则变化：1）一般在词尾加-er或-est如：long-longer-longest;fast-faster-fastest;high-higher-highest;strong-stronger-strongest2)以字母e结尾的词，直接加-r或者-st如：wide-wider-widest;nice-nicer-nicest;large-larger-largest3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i,再加-er或-est如：happy-happier-happiest;easy-easier-easiest;busy-busier-busiest4) 以“辅-元-辅”结构结尾的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er或-est如：hot-hotter-hottestwet-wetter-wettest5) 部分双音节词和所有的多音节词，在词前加more或most如：useful-moreuseful-mostusefulhelpful-morehelpful-mosthelpfulbeautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautifulexpensive-moreexpensive-mostexpensivedifficult-moredifficult-mostdifficultimportant-moreimportant-mostimportant2.不规则变化：many/much-more-mostgood/well-better-bestlittle-less-leastbad-worse-worstfar-farther-farthest/far-further-furthest注意：farther/farthest-表示实际距离，意为：“更远的/最远的”Eg.Icantwalkanyfarther.further/furthest-表示抽象距离，意为：“更进一步/最深层次的”eg.furthertalk/communicationold-older-oldest/old-older-oldestolder/oldest:表示年龄上的大小，而elder/eldest表示辈份上的大小eg.Heisfiveyearsolderthanme.eg.eldersister/brother4、 形容词和副词的等级用法：1.原级的用法：肯定句：A+谓语+as+adj/adv原级+as+B表示“A与B一样”Eg.MaryisastallasLily.Eg.Thisroomisaswideasthatone.否定句：A+谓语+not+as/so+adj/adv原级+as+B表示“A不如B”Eg.Maryisnotas/sotallasLily.2.比较级的用法：两者之间进行比较，than是比较级的标志1）A+谓语+比较级+than+B表示“A比B更”Eg.Thisroomisbiggerthanthatone.2)Who/Which+谓语+比较级，AorB?表示“A或B哪个更”Eg.Whoismorebeautiful?LilyorLucy?Eg.Whichtastesbetter?appleororange?3)+be+the+比较级+ofthetwo.Eg.Moliisthebetterofthetwogirls.4)单音节词：比较级+and+比较级表示“越来越”双音节词：moreandmore+adj/adv原级表示“越来越”Eg.Grandpaisgettingolderandolder.Eg.Saraisturningmoreandmorebeautiful.5) the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越，越”eg.Themore,thebetter.Eg.Thehappierheis,thehealthierhewillbe.注意：比较级前可以用much;alittle;far;even;alot;any等修饰，而very;too;quite等词不能修饰比较级。3.最高级的用法：三者或三者以上的比较用最高级，表示“最”，形容词最高级前面的“the”绝对不可以省略，而副词最高级前的“the”可以省略。1）the+最高级+of/in,of后接数字，in后接范围注意：此句型中of与in是要用最高级的标志Eg.Heisthetallestofthethree/four/five/all.Eg.Heisthetallestinhisclass.2) Who/Which+谓语+最高级，AorBorC?Eg.Whoisthebest?Susan,LindaorMandy?3)oneofthe+最高级+复数名词表示“最之一”Eg.Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld.4) the+序数词+最高级表示“第几的”Eg.Heisthesecondtalleststudentinhisclass.Eg.Sheisthethirdyoungestladyinthegroup.4.英语的几种倍数表达方法:A. 表示几倍大小（长短；数量）倍数+thesize（length，amount）of例如：Theearthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月亮的49倍大。B.表示比大几倍倍数+形容词（副词）比较级例如：Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.这个盒子比那个盒子大三倍。C.表示是倍倍数+as+形容词原级+as+.例如：Ourfactoryistwiceasbigastheirs.我们的工厂是他们的三倍。Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。注意:一倍用once，两倍用twice。三倍用threetimes其他依次类推。1.Thisboxis_thatone.A.heavythanB.soheavythanC.heavierasD.asheavyas2Thisbookis_thatone,but_thanthatone.A.asdifficultas;expensiveB.asmoredifficultas;moreexpensiveC.asdifficultas;moreexpensiveD.moredifficultas;asexpensive3.Thispencilis_thanthatone.A.longestB.longC.longerD.aslong4.Itwasveryhotyesterday,butitis_today.A.evenhotterB.morehotterC.muchmorehotD.muchhot5.Thehouseis smallforafamilyofsix.A.muchtooB.toomuchC.verymuchD.so6.Ourclassroomis_largerthantheirs.A.moreB.quiteC.veryD.much7.Theearthisabout_asthemoon.A.asfiftytimebigB.fiftytimesasbigC.asbigfiftytimesD.fiftyastimesbig8.Yourroomis mine.A.twiceaslargethanB.twicethesizeofC.biggertwicethanD.astwicelargeas9.Yourroomis_thanmine.A.threetimebigB.threetimesbigC.threetimesbiggerD.biggerthreetimes10.Hisfatheris_thanhismother.A. olderfouryearsB.asfouryearsolderC.fouryearsolderD.biggerfouryears11._Ilookatthepicture,_Ilikeit.A.Thebest;themoreB.Themore;thelessC.Themore;lessD.More;themore12._youcomeback,_itwillbe.A.Thequicker;thebestB.Thesooner;thebetterC.Faster;thebetterD.Thesooner;better13.Ilike_oneofthetwobooks.A.theolderB.oldestC.theoldestD.Older14.Whichis_country,ChinaorJapan?A.thelargeB.thelargerC.largerD.Largest15.LiLeiis_studentinourclass.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest16.Whois ofyouthree?A.theoldestB.mucholderC.oldestD.Older17.Tomisoneof_boysinourclass.A.tallestB.tallerC.thetallestD.thetall18.Englishisoneof_spokenintheworld.A.theimportantlanguagesB.themostimportantlanguagesC.mostimportantlanguageD.themostimportantlanguage19.Whichis_interesting,science,mathsorEnglish?A.moreB.themostC.veryD.Too20.Doyouhave_totellus?A.somethingnewB.newsomethingC.anythingnewD.newanything21.Mike,Ihave_totellyou.A.importantsomethingB.importantanythingC.somethingimportant,D.anythingimportant22.Hehas_tothinkitover.A.manytimeB.timesC.timeenoughD.enoughtime23.Shewassickyesterday,butsheis_togotoschooltod