初中英语中考知识点复习.docx

初中英语中考知识点复习 一. 冠词: 冠词用在名词的前面，有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a；an”之分。定冠词表示“确指”，译作“这(那)个”；不定冠词表示“泛指”，译作“一个”。例题解析:( ) _ lady over there is _ university teacher. a) a, theb) the, anc) the, ad) the, the “over there”意为“那边的”，是后置定语，它表示前面名词“lady”（女士）是“确指”的说法，因此要加上定冠词“the”。后半句意为“一位大学教师”，是泛指的说法，因此要加上不定冠词“a”或“an”。由于“university”的读音起始于辅音“j”，因此要加定冠词“a”。所以本题答案应该选“c”。( ) he prefers playing _ piano to playing _ hockey. a) the, the b) the, /c) / , /d) / , the “piano”意为“钢琴”，属于乐器，要求前面加定冠词“the”。后半句中“hockey”意为“曲棍球”，属于球类活动，要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“b”。( ) mr. black was made _ manager of our company. a) / b) a c) and) the “manager”表示被选的职位，前面不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“a”。 此外，冠词还有许多特殊的用法： 1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前，要加定冠词，如：the great wall（长城） 2. 在拼音名词前，一般不加任何冠词，如：thomas green；changfeng park 3. 在江、河、湖、海前，即使是拼音名词，也要加定冠词“the”，如：the dongting lake 4. 一般用“单数名词加a；复数名词不加the”来表示“泛指”的意思。习题训练：choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用a、b、c或d表示，填入空格内):( ) 1. there is _ “u” in _ word “uniform.”. a) an, a b) an, the c) a, a d) a, the( ) 2. _ sign here stands for _ mistake. a) a, ab) a, thec) the, ad) the, the( ) 3. we made joyce _ monitor _ her experience. a) a, becauseb) the, becausec) / , because ofd) the , because of( ) 4.two months ago mr. green wrote _ article on shanghai international art festival. a) theb) anc) ad) / ( ) 5. q: is mr. white _ teacher of your school? a: yes. _ teacher is from australia. a) a, ab) a, thec) the, thed) the, a( ) 6. paul is _ european student. he likes to study _ history of china. a) a, theb) a, /c) an, thed) an, /( ) 7. this is _ honey. as we all know, _ honey is sweet. a) / , theb) / , /c) the, /d) the, the( ) 8. they didnt catch the last train because of _. a) some heavy traffics b) any heavy traffic c) heavy traffic d) a heavy traffic( ) 9. it wont take long, its only _ walk.a) ten-minutes b) ten minutes c) ten minutes d) ten-minutes二.名词: 名词表示人或物体的名称，有普通名词(park)、专有名词(peter；party)、集合名词(family, class, police)、缩写名词(sars, ceo, wto)等。总体上说，它们可以分成两大类；即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化。例题解析:( ) his grandfather is _. a) robert bob b) tom black c) kate white d) black green 英语中，人的姓名排列是倒过来的；先是名，即“first name”，后为姓，即“second name”，也可叫做“family name”或“surname”。做这类题目，必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字，哪个单词是表示姓氏，名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说的是“爷爷”，是男名，所以本题答案应该选“b”。( ) _ are playing tennis in the playground. a) the browns b) the browns c) browns d) browns 英语中，姓氏前加定冠词“the”，后面加“s”，有“一家人”之意。所以本题答案应该选“a”。( ) be careful. there is a _ hole in the ground. a) two-foot-deepb) two-feet-deepc) two-foot deepd) two-feet deep 这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式，在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“”来连接。由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词，因此，在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中，“一个两英尺深的洞”应译为“a two-foot-deep hole”，所以本题答案应该选“a”。( ) hes got bad toothache. hed better go to _. a) dentistb) the dentistc) the dentistsd) see the dentists “去看牙科医生”可译为“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentists”。后一个词语中的“the dentists”表示“the dentists clinic”。所以本题答案应该选“c”。( ) the _ teachers wondered if the _ students were in trouble. a) woman, boyb) woman, boysc) women, boyd) women, boys 英语中，“女教师们”应该译为“women teachers”，而“男学生们” 应该译为“boy students”。 所以本题答案应该选“c”。( ) _ came that houston rocket won again and yao ming got the most scores. a) a newsb) messagec) wordd) words “据说”在英语中有多种说法：“it was said that”、“word came that”、“news came that”、“a message came that”等。所以本题答案应该选“c”。( ) all of a sudden, something on the ground caught _. a) his eyeb) his eyesc) his own eyesd) eyes of his own“catch ones eye”是固定词组，意为“引起某人注意”；即“be noticed by sb.”。此句中，“eye”是“视线”之意，由“eyesight”演变而来。随着语言的发展，一些词语会产生演变，大致上都是朝“简单化”方向发展，如：“countryside”“country”、“mankind”“man”、 “campsite”“camp”、“in the daytime”“in the day”等。所以本题答案应该选“a”。( ) the lady with long _ found her husband had already got three gray _. a) hair, hairb) hair, hairsc) hairs, haird) hairs, hair 要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质，要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的“hair”（头发）就是这类词。前半句说的是“一头长发”，是不可数名词；后半句说的是“三根白发”，是可数名词。所以本题答案应该选“b”。习题训练：choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用a、b、c或d表示，填入空格内):( ) 1. he has got _ to tell you. a) a good news b) some news c) a lot news d) many news( ) 2. its seven oclock. _ are sitting at table. a) mr. greens b) the greens c) the greens d) greens( ) 3. your brother is the same _ mine. a) old as b) age as c) old like d) age like( ) 4. our bodies need food to give us _. a) health b) strong c) energyd) taste( ) 5. a lemon is the same _ as a banana. a) yellow b) colour c) freshd) sweet( ) 6. what kind of _ do you like best? a) watermelon b) the watermelon c) a watermelon d) watermelons( ) 7. look at this magazine. lets do the _ about eating habits. a) quiz b) list c) cooking d) dinner三.代词: 代词是名词的代用词，有指示代词(this, those)、人称代词主宾格(i, me)、形容词性物主代词(my)、名词性物主代词(mine)、反身代词(myself)、不定代词(either, others, anything, nobody)。其中，不定代词的变化最复杂。在不同的句子中，它们的变化和要求都不一样，这一点我们一定要有充分的认识，不能掉以轻心。例题解析:( ) would you please give _? a) him itb) it himc) to him itd) it to him 英语中，当直接宾语（人）与间接宾语（物）都用人称代词时，一定要先讲间接宾语（物）后讲直接宾语（人），而且要在直接宾语（人）前加上介词“to”。 所以本题答案应该选“d”。( ) she always thinks of _ more than _. a) others, herb) the others, shec) others, herselfd) the others, herself 在英语中，“别人”属于“泛指”，应译为“others”。后半句是介词“of”的宾语。由于这里的“她”与主语的“她”是属于同一个人，因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语，要用反身代词作宾语才对。所以本题答案应该选“c”。( ) some people like watching the sports news, _ prefer tv series. a) the othersb) the otherc) othersd) another 在英语中，“一些，另一些”有两种译法：“some , the others ”是属于“非此即彼”的两部分情况，而“some , others ”是指有第三部分的情况存在。本题意为“一部分人喜欢看体育消息，而另一部分人比较欣赏电视剧”，显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容，所以本题答案应该选“c”。( ) the light in the room was too poor for _ to see it clearly. a) everyoneb) someonec) anyoned) none 英语中，“too to”意为“太而不能”，具有否定的含义。因此，“for sb.”中应该选运用在否定句中的“anyone”才对。所以本题答案应该选“c”。( ) _ the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it. a) someb) muchc) the most ofd) most of 带有定冠词“the”的名词前，应该用代词词组：“some of”（意为“其中一些”）、“much of”（意为“其中许多”）、“most of”（意为“其中大多数”）等。“the mose of”（意为“其中最多的”）在本句中的译法欠妥，所以本题答案应该选“d”。( ) can you call on my mother on saturday or sunday? im afraid _ day is possible a) eitherb) eachc) bothd) neither 在英语中，有“两者”和“三者以上”的不同词语说法：“both”意为“两者都”、“all”意为“三者以上都”、“neither”意为“两者都不”、“none”或“no one”意为“三者以上都不”、“either”意为“两者之一”、“one”意为“三者以上之一”、“between”意为“两者之间”、“among”意为“三者以上之间”。根据本题句意，答句应该是说“我恐怕没有一天能行”， 所以本题答案应该选“d”。( ) there are three bathrooms in the house. one is upstairs, _ two are downstairs. a) otherb) the otherc) othersd) the others 在英语中，“另两个”的译法有多种：“the other two”、“the others”、“the rest”。由于本句中讲到三间浴室，“另两间”的说法应该是“确指”的，因此，必须有定冠词“the”。又由于后句已经写了“two”，因此这里要选作形容词用的“other”。 所以本题答案应该选“b”。( ) the dishes on table one are much fewer than _ on table two. a) thatb) thosec) dishesd) / 要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性：这句是“the dishes on table one”（一桌上的菜）和“the dishes on table two”（二桌上的菜）作比较，因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略。“that”与“those”是比较级句中的专用代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数，因此，要用“those”来代替前面的名词。所以本题答案应该选“b”。( ) there are more people in this room than _ in that one. a) thatb) thosec) peopled) / 要注意在“there is ”或“there are ”的比较级句型中，习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以本题答案应该选“d”。习题训练：choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用a、b、c或d表示，填入空格内):( ) 1. show your watch _ me. _ is slow. a) to, mine b) to, myc) for, mine d) for, my( ) 2. _ do you like _, the summer holidays or the winter holidays? a) what, better b) what, bestc) which, better d) which, best( ) 3. she wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of _ taken in her housing estate. a) herselfb) herc) hersd) myself( ) 4. she told jack, tom and me to _ among _. a) talk it over, usb) talk over it, us c) talk it over, ourselvesd) talk over it, ourselves( ) 5. ill do it by myself. i wont need _ help. a) anyones elseb) anyone elsesc) anyone othersd) other anyones( ) 6. i heard _ until my friend told me about it. a) everythingb) somethingc) nothingd) anything( ) 7. would you like _ more bread, jack? a) anyb) anotherc) littled) a little( ) 8. only one student got the right answer. but _ didnt. a) the otherb) anotherc) othersd) the rest( ) 9. he doesnt think _ of them will go there with you. a) none b) some c) many d) much( )10. the film is dull and _ people like it. a) a few b) few c) a little d) little( )11. have you all _? a) got ready everything b) got everything ready for c) got everything ready d) got ready for everything( )12. help _ to some sweets, everyone. a) yourselves b) your own c) yourself d) by yourself( )13. he has six uncles. five of them are doctors and _ is a driver. a) another b) the sixth c) other d) the other( )14. believe or not, i did it all by _. a) me b) us c) myself d) ourselves( )15. a: are these two books yours ? b: no, _ of them is mine. a) either b) none c) both d) neither( )16. neither of the twins _ the toy train. a) like b) likes c) is like d) are like四.数词: 数词有基数词和序数词之分：基数词表示数量概念；序数词表示顺序概念。首先要注意一些数词在写法上的变化，如：forty；ninth；twentieth更要注意它们在句子中的不同用法和变化。例题解析:( ) about _ students went to the picture show that day. a) hundreds of b) two hundreds c) two hundred ofd) two hundred “about”意为“大约”，是指具体数量，因此，不能用表示不定数量的词语“hundreds of”（意为“成百个”）。在表示确定数量时，英语中的“hundred”不加“s”，即不变复数。再由于“students”前没有定冠词“the”，不是“其中”之意，因此，也不能加介词“of”。 所以本题答案应该选“d”。( ) _ of _ class four students have joined the singing group. a) three-fifths, the b) three-fifth, thec) three-fifths, / d) three-fifth, / 英语中，“几分之几”的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词，中间用短横“”连接。当分子大于“一”时，分母序数词要加“s”。再由于本题句中数量用的是“of”词组，即意为“其中的五分之三”，因此后面的名词“students”必定是“确指”的，要加定冠词“the”。 所以本题答案应该选“a”。在这里要特别注意的是：不要看到“students”前有修饰词“class four”就不敢加定冠词“the”，要懂得这里的“the”是修饰“students”的。同样，“the english language”词语的表达形式也类似于此种情况。习题训练:choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用a、b、c或d表示，填入空格内):( ) 1.john has twelve coins and joan has _ ones, three times as many as john. a) thirteenb) fifteenc) thirty-sixd) forty-eight( ) 2.the post code used in our neighbourhood is _. a) 56348574b) 200333c) a quarterd) a dozen( ) 3.today is her brothers birthday. _ is on _. a) she, fifth of may b) she, may fifthc) hers, may fifthd) hers, may the fifth( ) 4. _ of the students go to school by bike. a) two-three b) two-thirds c) two-threes d) two-third( ) 5.there are about _ seats in the hall. a) two hundreds b) two hundred c) hundreds of d) two hundred of( ) 6. a: how often should we publish the paper? b: _. a) in one weeks time b) once a month c) after two weeksd) for half a month( ) 7. about _ the students went to the science museum last thursday. a) hundreds of b) two hundred c) two hundred of d) two hundreds 五.介词: 介词是一种虚词，它不能单独使用，后面要跟名词、人称代词宾格或动名词。同一个动词，搭配不同的介词，可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来，而且在不同场合所用介词也各不相同。因此，介词的用法是比较复杂的，要求我们去逐个记住。只有在看懂、理解整个句意的前提下，才能选对正确的介词。例题解析:( ) mr. brown flew to washington _ the night before last.a) inb) onc) atd) / 在表达某一天的具体时间时，应该用介词“on”。但是本句是表达“在前天的夜里”，与“在前天”(the day before yesterday）相仿，前面不该用任何介词，所以本题答案应该选“d”。( ) the school gate is _ the north of the classroom building. a) in b) to c) ond) at 在英语中，表达“东、南、西、北”的方位介词常见有三个：表示在方位区域的内部时，用介词“in”。如：the playground is in the south of the school.（操场在学校的南面。）表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时，应该用介词“on”。如：room 203 is on the west of room 205.（203室在205室的西面。）表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时，应该用介词“to”。如：shanghai is to the east of nanjing.（上海在南京的东面。）本题的“校门”在“教学大楼”的北面，应该用介词“to”，所以答案应该选“b”。( ) youll get one thousand dollars _. a) after allb) at allc) in all d) all together “after all”意为“到底”、“毕竟”、“终于”；“at all”通常与“not”连用，意为“完全不”、“一点也不”；“in all”通常用于数量词后面，意为“总共”，同义词是“altogether”。所以本题答案应该选“c”。( ) this bus can run _ 70 miles an hour. a) forb) withc) atd) in 在表示“速度”、“温度”、“价格”意思时，应该用介词“at”。所以本题答案应该选“c”。( ) its said he stayed there quietly _ two oclock that afternoon.a) onb) atc) untild) by “at two oclock that afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟”，时态通常用“过去进行时”；“by two oclock that afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟前”， 时态通常用“过去完成时”；“until two oclock that afternoon”意为“直到昨天下午两点钟”， 时态通常用“一般过去时”。本句中“stay”是延续动词，因此可用“until”句型；如果句中谓语是瞬间动词的话，就应该用“not until”句型了。所以本题答案应该选“c”。( ) tom didnt attend the lecture yesterday evening _ his illness. a) asb) forc) because d)because of 在本句中，“因为生病”是一个词语，而不是原因状语从句，因此，不能选连词“as”、“for”或“because”来连接，而要用介词词组“because of”。所以本题答案应该选“d”。( ) now its quite important _ us to make full use of time. a) forb) toc) ofd) with “its important to sb.”（ 意为“它对某人来说很重要”）是词语搭配，“its for sb. to do ”（意为“做某事对某人来说是怎样的”）是句型。当两者交叉、重叠使用时，词语要让位于句型。所以本题答案应该选“a”。同样，“i like it so much that ”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”，也属于这种类型的表达方式。( ) its nice _ you to get the ticket _ f1. its said the car-race is very exciting. a) of, forb) for, forc) of, ofd) for, of 这句是“its of sb. to do”句型，意为“某人真是怎么样，做了某事”。后半句中“ticket for”是固定词语，意为“什么内容的票子”。 所以本题答案应该选“a”。习题训练:choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用a、b、c或d表示，填入空格内):( ) 1. you can draw it _ paints and brushes. a) by b) with c) in d) use( ) 2. what did you have _ breakfast? a) as b) with c) aboutd) for( ) 3. the police _ helping to make our city a safe place to live and work _. a) is, in b) are, in c) is, / d) are, /( ) 4. ive got three question _ you to think about. a) of b) for c) give d) to show( ) 5. we can ask people _ the festival to do the quiz. a) in b) on c) at d) for( ) 6. what happens when we put some sugar _ a glass of warm water? a) on b) off c) out d) into( ) 7. _ they arrived at the village after all. a) at the endb) in the endc) lastd) attentively( ) 8. the class teacher was sent _ christmas cards _ some of the students. a) to, byb) / , byc) to, fromd) / , to( ) 9. q: what is that film _? a: its a science film. a) likeb) aboutc) ond) for( )10. why not ask your friend _ some advice if youre really in trouble? a) offerb) to givec) tod) for( )11. the beautiful house is _ sale. but it wont be _ sale. a) on, forb) for, onc) with, ford) with, on( )12. the weather here was _ cold last week. a) a kind b) a kind ofc) kind ofd) kinds of( )13. the singing group is made _ four handsome lads. a) ofb) fromc) up ofd) up from( )14. something _ wrong _ my watch, im afraid. a) is, with b) is, in c) are, with d) are, in( )15. there _ a man and two women _ the picture. a) is, on b) are, in c) are, on d) is, in( )16. mary doesnt know what lies ahead. _ , shes only 12. a) at all b) in all c) after all d) for all( )17. should we _ the postage _ the parcel by ourselves? a) pay, onb) pay, of c) pay for, on d) pay for, of( )18. alice _ her service to the public. a) was awarded the prize for b) was deserved to get the prize for c) was proud for d) was pleased for六.动词: 动词八种时态、语态和几种变化形式 八种时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 (经常,反复,爱好,特点,条件,真理) do; does am;is;are done 一般过去时 (过去发生的事,不强调现在的结果) did; -ed was;were done 一般将来时 (将要发生的事) will do will be done 现在进行时 (现在正在发生的事) am;is;are doing am;is;are being done 过去进行时 (当时正在发生的事) was;were doing was;were being done 现在完成时 (过去发生的事,强调现在的结果) have;has done have;has been done 过去完成时 (过去完成的事；过去以前发生的事) had done had been done 过去将来时 (过去将要发生的事) would do would be done * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 不定式: do; not do; to do; not to do 命令式: do; dont do 现在分词: doing 动名词: doing 过去分词: done例题解析:( ) look. mary _ a nice dog. she _ it just now. a) has drawn, drewb) drew, has drawnc) is drawing, drewd) is drawing, has drawn在“look”、“its evening”、“where is sb. ?”等句子后面，可能要用“现在进行时”，也有可能要用“现在完成时”。反正，要根据具体情况来具体分析，考虑问题一定要从整体情况着眼。本题后半句“just now”意为“刚才”，很明显要用“一般过去时”，因此前句如用“现在进行时”就不妥，造成句意逻辑上的错误。前句用“现在完成时”才对。所以本题答案应该选“a”。( ) this kind of fridge _ very well. a) sell b) sells c) are sold d) is sold在英语中，表达某物销路不错，要用表示“特点”的“一般现在时”形式，而不能用“被卖”这种被动语态形式来表示。由于本句主语“this kind of fridge”是单数第三人称，所以本题答案应该选“b”。( ) what _ mr. smith? he looks worried so much. a) happens withb) happens toc) happened withd) happened to在英语中，“发生”通常可译为“happened”或“took place”，要注意它不能变“被动语态”。本题之意是“史密斯先生发生了什么事？他显得很焦虑。”因此，“发生”不能用表示经常行为的“一般现在时”形式，应该用“一般过去时”的“happened to sb.”固定词组来表达。所以本题答案应该选“d”。( ) mary: shall i tell michael about the news? jack: no, you _. hes already known it. a) cant b)mustnt c) neednt d) dont 本题是考核情态动词句型的正确回答。在“must i do ?”、“shall i do ?”、“would you like me to do ?”问句后面都可以用“no, you neednt.”(不必要)来回答。本题根据后句的句意应该选此回答为妥。所以答案应该