电子设计大赛总结报告.doc

the principle of simplified EIA of construction projects in the region. In terms of land, linked to the implementation of urban and rural construction land increase and decrease, replacement indicators for priority areas project. Charges, into the projects of water, electricity, administrative charges and preferential policies. In the area of taxation, and settled in areas of industry and its production company, within 5 years after the completion of fiscal incentives to enterprises. In terms of financing, integration of land, tax, financial and other resources, and construct Government credit + business credit credit system, establishment of marketization, commercialization and modernization of the investment and financing platform; effective Bank-enterprise docking, encourages private capital into the Park, to raise industry development fund. 5, optimize the environment and service industries. To create policy lowlands, Highlands, integrity of service land, development land as the goal, to optimize the area under development environment. All administrative law enforcement departments to appoint a full-time personnel stationed in areas dedicated to coordinating and solving problems associated with businesses in this sector. When there are substantial issues, sector leaders arranged to personally intervene, in-person, in-person push tangible area building a green light, easy line. To further reduce and standardize administrative examination and approval items, simplify examination and approval links, improve efficiency; according to the .Since the educational practice of the mass line of the party, himself seriously in the education, practical control central eight rules and opposing the four winds and practicing three Suns, and check the spirit of Jiao Yulu, ideology, solicit opinions based on outstanding problems checked swing, careful analysis and reflection. Will now check report is as follows: first, adherence to the partys political discipline, eight in the central provision, change the style of the basic situation of 1, in compliance with the partys political disciplines. Conscientiously abide by the partys political discipline, abide by the Constitution and the rules and regulations of the party, in the political, ideological and maintain highly consistent with the CPC Central Committee on the action, there is no violation of the partys political discipline problems. 2, in the implementation of the central authorities of the eight provisions. Improving research, improving research methods, but there are less grass-roots units, primary first-hand an inadequate grasp of the problem, which is to be strengthened in the future. Second, construction, strictly in accordance with the provisions to streamline and improve the quality of meetings of the Conference. Third, streamlining file briefs, culture involves all aspects of propaganda and ideology, sometimes due to the practical needs of invention notifications, this area needs further电子设计大赛总结报告 学号：2 姓名：李永飞1. 摘要1.1目的 设计并制作一个家用电热水器控制系统，容量2升左右。水温可以在一定范围内设定，并保持设定的温度基本不变，同时具备水位检测控制功能。1.2方法 整个题目分温度测量与控制和液位检测两部分，温度测量和控制电热丝加热部分由单片机控制实现，液位检测部分由开关电路实现。1.3结果 开机后，当水位低于A点时，红色警示灯亮，水位上升至A点时，红色警示灯熄灭。当水位到达B点时，水泵会自动断开，停止加水。此时如果加水至C点，黄色警示灯亮。 单片机键盘输入温度为40，原水温由温度计检测为20度，且单片机显示也为20。在实验过程中，单片机输入温度后，电热丝开始加热，水温从20可以连续上升至40停止，同时该系统可以实现动态温度变化不超过4，静态温度变化不超过1。1.4结论 系统可以实现题目的基本要求，实验过程中误差较小，并且外围电路比较简单，可以考虑用于实际。2.关键词STC89C54单片机 DS18b20 本系统采用STC89C54实现液位和温度控制，温度信号和液位信号由DS18b20和三极管开关电路提供，通过信号反馈来实现对水温和水位的控制，同时可以通过单片机设定温度值和显示实际温度，并且可以实现对水泵和电热丝的控制。2. 目录摘要-1关键词-1正文-1系统设计-1单元电路设计-2软件设计-4系统测试-11结论-11参考文献-11附录-114.正文4.1系统设计 检测水位信号和产生警示作用由外围电路来实现，检测的水位信号传给单片机处理，单片机通过继电器控制水泵工作。温度检测由DS18b20芯片来实现，检测的温度信号传给单片机并显示出来，然后由单片机通过继电器控制电热丝的工作。（1）温度测量部分方案一采用热敏电阻，可实现40到90测量范围，但热敏电阻精度、重复性、可靠性较差。方案二采用18b20，它的测量温度范围为 -55+125，在-10+85范围内,精度为0.5，具有测温系统简单、测温精度高、连接方便、占用口线少等优点。（2）驱动控制部分方案一全部采用外部电路，通过电压、电流实现信号的检测和控制，但是电路比较复杂，容易受干扰，导致稳定性不好，误差较大。方案二采用单片机程序控制，可以使外围电路简化，减少外部干扰，能够准确控制，且误差较少。4.2单元电路设计4.2.1输出为5V的直流稳压电源 整流电桥将正弦交流电转换成单向脉动的直流电，但还有很大的波纹，并联小的电容可以滤去频率较大的正弦波，并联大电容可以滤去频率较小的正弦波，从而使直流分量更加稳定，7805可以使电路输出保持5V电压。此电路在试验过程中给各级电路及水提供5V电压。4.2.2液位检测这部分主要用到三极管的开关作用，当三级管处于饱和区，开关处于闭合状态，当三极管处于截止区，开关处于断开状态。B和C采用的是NPN型三极管，在允许范围内，当基极电压处于高电位时，电路连通。A采用的是PNP型三极管，当基极电压处于低电位时，电路连通。（1） 下限A点控制电路：当液位C时将产生过上限警报，即黄灯亮。4.2.3继电器 继电器电路的主要作用是小电流控制大电流，分别控制水泵和电热丝工作与否。控制水泵的电热丝在不工作时处在常闭状态，当水位到达B处时，继电器闭合，水泵所处的电路导通。控制电热丝的继电器在不工作时处于常开状态，当输入温度比显示水温高时，继电器闭合，使电热丝所在的电路导通。4.3软件设计 以下为编写程序，流程图在最后附录。#include/52系列单片机头文件#include#define uint unsigned int#define uchar unsigned char uchar code table=/定义数码管段数字0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71;uchar code tablewe=/定义数码管位数字0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0xf7,0xef,0xdf,0xbf,0x7f;sbit DQ=P10;/18B20sbit kzjr=P11;/控制加热继电器sbit jcyw=P12;/采集液位检测信号sbit kzyw=P13;/控制液位继电器sbit dula=P21;/控制段选sbit wela=P20;/控制位选sbit key1=P22;/控制四个独立按键sbit key2=P23;sbit key3=P24;sbit key4=P25;uint temp,atemp=0;uchar shi=0,ge=0,a1,a2,a3,a4;/*88void delayus(uint x,uchar y)/精确延时uint i;uchar j;for(i=x;i0;i-);for(j=y;j0;j-);void delay(uint x)/延时uint a,b;for(a=x;a0;a-)for(b=110;b0;b-);/#void yw_con()/液位检测if(jcyw=1)/判断是否到达B点kzyw=0;/关闭继电器else kzyw=1;/打开继电器/#void adisplay(uchar sshi,uchar sge)/数码管在第三，第四位显示输入数据dula=1;P0=tablesshi;dula=0;P0=0xff;wela=1;P0=tablewe2;wela=0;delay(1);dula=1;P0=tablesge;dula=0;P0=0xff;wela=1;P0=tablewe3;wela=0;delay(1);/*88void keys()/控制按键if(key1=0)/按一键十位加一delay(10);/延时去抖if(key1=0)shi+;if(shi=10)/到10归0shi=0;while(!key1);/等待按键释放if(key2=0)/按二键个位加一delay(10);/延时去抖if(key2=0)ge+;if(ge=10)/到10归0ge=0;while(!key2);/等待按键释放if(key3=0)delay(10);/延时去抖if(key3=0)shi=0;/十位个位全部归0ge=0;while(!key3);/等待按键释放/*88void anjian()/按键输入程序keys();adisplay(shi,ge);if(key4=0)delay(10);/延时去抖if(key4=0)atemp=shi*10+ge;/将这个二位数赋给atempwhile(!key4);/等待按键释放/#3/*_nop_();/1usdelayus(0,0);/20usdelayus(1,0);/30usdelayus(1,1);/45usdelayus(3,2);/70usdelayus(48,20);/750usdelayus(30,10);/500us*/void dqreset(void)/18B20初始化uchar st=1;DQ=1;_nop_();_nop_();while(st)DQ=0;delayus(48,20);DQ=1;delayus(3,2);if(DQ=1)/判断是否初始化成功st=1;elsest=0;/若不成功则循环delayus(30,10);uchar tempread()/读取一个字节数据函数uchar i,date;static bit j;for(i=8;i0;i-)date=date1;DQ=1;_nop_();_nop_();DQ=0;_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();DQ=1;_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();j=DQ;if(j=1)date=date|0x80;/将第一位写入1，后7位保留delayus(1,0);return (date);void tempwrite(uchar date)/向18B20写一个字节数据函数uchar i,j;DQ=1;_nop_();_nop_();for(i=8;i0;i-)j=date&0x01;/将前七位写入0，只保留最后一位/读取最后一位DQ=0;delayus(0,0);if(j=1)DQ=1;delayus(1,1);DQ=1;date=date1;/右移一位void display(uchar a3,uchar a4 ) /数码管在第一，第二位显示测得温度dula=1;/开段选P0=tablea3;dula=0;/关段选P0=0xff;wela=1;/开位选P0=tablewe0;wela=0;/关位选delay(1);dula=1;P0=tablea4;dula=0;P0=0xff;wela=1;P0=tablewe1;wela=0;delay(1);void get_temp()/读取寄存器中存储的温度，并显示uchar a,b;float aaa;dqreset();tempwrite(0xCC);/跳过读ROM指令tempwrite(0x44);/开始温度转换dqreset();tempwrite(0xCC);/跳过读ROM指令tempwrite(0xBE);/告诉18B20将读它的暂存器a=tempread();/读低8位b=tempread();/读高8位aaa=(b*256+a)*0.0625;/将b左移8位与a相加，再乘0.0625得实际温度temp=(int)aaa;/将aaa转换成整型a1=(temp%100)/10;/将十位赋给a1a2=temp%10;/将个位赋给a2display(a1,a2);/输出温度/*void main()while(1)yw_con();/液位控制get_temp();/温度检测并显示anjian();/按键控制if(atemptemp)/判断输入温度是否大于实际温度kzjr=1;/打开加热继电器elsekzjr=0;/关闭加热继电器 4.4系统测试本系统的是一个水温控制系统，同时具备液位检测功能。可用键盘设定温度值并能显示，范围为2080，同时可以测量并显示水的实际温度，并且可以在全量程内任意设定一个温度值，控制系统可以实现该给定温度的恒值自动控制。控制的最大动态误差4，静态误差1，系统达到稳态的时间15min。同时具有液位检测功能，正常情况保证液位在B点附近，当液位C或液位C或液位A时，有明显报警提示。开机后自动上水至B点附近。5.参考文献51单片机C语言教程郭天祥编著 电子工业出版社郭天祥电子教程6.附录6.1电路图5V直流电源电路图液位检测： 下限液位警报电路 控制水泵停止工作电路 上限液位警报电路6.2 元件清单名称参数个数电阻4K410K12K2电容0.1F20.01F32200F11000F1三极管8050285501二极管发光二极管2普通二极管5继电器2DS18b201变压器220：1216.3使用说明：数码管显示的是实际水温，用户根据需要可用键盘设定温度值，范围为2080，只要设置的水温大于实际水温，热水器就能加热，并保持到设置温度。若想让水冷却，按键清0，再点确定键。当红灯亮时，说明热水器水量不足；黄灯若亮了，说明水位太高，要及时断开开关。判断液位是否到达B点关闭控制水泵继电器打开控制水泵继电器YN检测并显示温度按键控制，按一键十位加一，按二键个位加一，按三键清零，按四键将该数赋予atemp判断atemp是否大于检测温度打开控制加热继电器关闭控制加热继电器YN发包人指定专人负责协调施工中的有关事宜，并监督施工进度、安全与文明施工。发包人对承包人施工中违规操作有权做好处理决定或经济处罚。streamlining. Four are standard visits, except as required to participate in training, no other activity. Five is to improve news reporting, for propaganda work strictly according to the regulations. Six is strictly your presentation published strictly according to the regulations. Seven is strictly thrift, required the use of vehicles and office space and corporate hospitality. 3, change the style. Propaganda and ideological work of the new situation and new requirements of the new tasks, had done a lot of fruitful work, has made many achievements, but further closer to the grass roots, close to reality, close to the masses and also inadequate innovation must continue to improve. Second, the four winds some outstanding issues 1, oppose formalism. One theory is that he didnt, with less close contact. Theoretical study of consciousness is not high enough, system performance is not strong enough; more passive learning, active learning few generalities and learn more, delving into less. Especially based on rational thinking on major issues, applying theory to guide the work done is not good enough, not really understand and grasp the spirit and essence of the scientific Outlook on development, did not truly achieve mastery, to apply, to a certain extent, affect the development and implementation of ideas and initiatives. Second, work arrangements, and less supervision. Propaganda and ideological work is the objective, which needs to keep the continuity efforts deployed, but stressed in the work time, less supervision. For example, color weekends in the summer theatrical activities, city square performances, urging townships, communities and rural areas shows the implementation is inadequate, insufficient cultural an educational role to play. Third base enough, master grass-less real. Propaganda and ideological work in the new situation of characteristics and regularity of enough, deep enough for grass-roots public opinion Dynamics survey, for grass-roots typically drive less. For example, rural culture team act