CFR FED OSHA 2080 VOL IV CHANGE 27-1986 其他规定和程序再版了更改1-25.doc

PART 1200 DEFINITION OF CHILDRENS PRODUCT UNDER THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT第1200部分-在消费品安全法案下对儿童产品的定义 Sec.1200.1 Purpose. 目的1200.2 Definition of childrens product. 儿童产品的定义-Sec. 1200.1 Purpose. 目的This part provides guidance on the definition of childrens product and the factors the Commission will consider when making determinations regarding childrens products as set forth under 15 U.S.C. 2052(2).这一部分对在儿童产品的定义和当委员会按照15 U.S.C. 2052(2).的要求对于判定儿童产品时将考虑的因素提供指导。Sec. 1200.2 Definition of childrens product. 儿童产品的定义。(a) Definition of “Childrens Product” (a)儿童产品的定义(1) Under section 3(a)(2) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA), a childrens product means a consumer product designed or intended primarily for children 12 years of age or younger. The term “designed or intended primarily” applies to those consumer products mainly for children 12 years old or younger. Whether a product is primarily intended for children 12 years of age or younger is determined by considering the four specified statutory factors. These factors are: 窗体顶端 (1)在消费品安全法案(CPSA)第3部分(a) (2)，“儿童产品”指主要为不超过12岁的儿童使用而设计的消费产品。 术语“designed or intended primarily” 适用于那些主要为不超过12岁的儿童使用的消费品。 产品是否主要供不超过12岁的儿童使用取决于考虑四个指定的法定因素。 这些因素是： 窗体底端l A statement by a manufacturer about the intended use of such product, including a label on such product if such statement is reasonable.制造商关于产品用途的声明（如果该声明具有合理性），包括产品上的标识。l Whether the product is represented in its packaging, display, promotion, or advertising as appropriate for use by children 12 years of age or younger.产品在包装、展示、促销或广告等方面是否表明该产品适合不超过12岁的儿童使用。l Whether the product is commonly recognized by consumers as being intended for use by a child 12 years of age or younger.消费者是否普遍认为该产品适合不超过12岁的儿童使用。l The Age Determination Guidelines issued by the Commission staff in September 2002 and any successor to such guidelines.委员会工作人员于2002年9月发布的年龄划分指南以及后来发布的类似指南。(2) The examples discussed herein may also be illustrative in making such determinations; however, the determination of whether a product meets the definition of a childrens product depends on factual information that may be unique to each product and, therefore, would need to be made on a case-by-case basis. The term “for use” by children 12 years or younger generally means that children will physically interact with such products based on the reasonably foreseeable use of such product. Toys and articles that are subject to the small parts regulations at 16 CFR Part 1501 and in ASTM F963 would fall within the definition of childrens product since they are intended for children 12 years of age or younger. Toys and other articles intended for children up to 96 months (8 years old) that are subject to the requirements at 16 CFR 1500.48 through 1500.49 and 16 CFR 1500.50 through 1500.53 would similarly fall within the definition of childrens product given their age grading for these other regulations. Therefore, a manufacturer could reasonably conclude on the basis of the age grading for these other regulations that its product also must comply with all requirements applicable to childrens products including, but not limited to, those under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act, ASTM F963, “Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety,” and the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008. (2)这里被谈论的例子也是在对进行这样的判定进行说明; 然而，判断产品是否符合儿童产品的定义取决于对每个产品都是独特的实际信息，因此，需要根据具体情况进行。术语“for use”主要为不超过12岁的儿童使用通常意味着，根据产品的合理地可预见用途，儿童将与这件产品身体上互动。符合16 CFR第1501部分和在ASTM F963小物件要求的玩具和物品都在儿童产品范围之内，因为它们设计用途是为不超过12岁的儿童使用。符合16 CFR 1500.48-1500.49部分和16 CFR 1500.50至1500.53要求，按照这些其他的规定进行年龄分组的，设计用途是为96个月8岁以上的儿童使用的玩具和物品同样在儿童产品范围之内。所以，制造商可以合理地根据这些其他规定中的年龄分级判断他的产品必须也符合所有可适用对儿童产品的要求，包括但不限于，那些在联邦危害物质法案范围内， ASTM F963， “消费者安全标准-对玩具安全的要求”和消费品安全改善法案2008。(b) Definition of “General Use Product”-(1) A general use product means a consumer product that is not designed or intended primarily for use by children 12 years old or younger. General use products are those consumer products designed or intended primarily for consumers older than age 12. Some products may be designed or intended for use by consumers of all ages, including children 12 years old or younger, but are intended mainly for consumers older than 12 years of age. Examples of general use products may include products with which a child would not likely interact, or products with which consumers older than 12 would be as likely, or more likely to interact. Products used by children 12 years of age or younger that have a declining appeal for teenagers are likely to be considered childrens products. 窗体顶端b) “一般用途产品”的定义-(1)一个一般用途产品意味没有被设计也没有预期主要供为不超过12岁的儿童使用一种消费品。 一般用途产品是那些主要设计或打算供12岁以上消费者使用的消费品。 有些产品可以被设计或预期供所有年龄的消费者使用，包括儿童12岁或更加年轻的，但是主要预期是为了大于12岁的消费者。 一般用途产品的例子可以包括儿童可能不喜欢互动的产品，或大于12岁消费者可能喜欢或更喜欢互动的产品。不超过12岁儿童使用的产品有一种青少年不喜欢的外观，更加可能被认为是儿童的产品。 窗体底端(2) Other products are specifically not intended for children 12 years of age or younger. These products, such as cigarette lighters, candles, and fireworks, which the Commission has traditionally warned adults to keep away from children, are not subject to the CPSIAs lead limits, tracking label requirement, and third-party testing and certification provisions. Similarly, products that incorporate performance requirements for child resistance are not childrens products as they are designed specifically to ensure that children cannot access the contents. This would include products such as portable gasoline containers and special packaging under the Poison Prevention Packaging Act. 窗体顶端(2)其他产品没有具体预期为不超过12岁的儿童。 这些产品，例如香烟，打火机，蜡烛和烟花，委员会传统上警告成人远离儿童，不需要符合CPSIA的铅含量要求，追溯标签要求和第三方测试和证明规定。 同样，包含防儿童开启装置的性能要求的产品不是儿童产品，因为他们明确地被设计保证儿童不可能接近内部。 这将包括产品例如便携式的汽油容器和符合预防毒品包装的法案要求的特别包装。 窗体底端(c) Factors Considered-To determine whether a consumer product is primarily intended for a child 12 years of age or younger the four specified statutory factors must be considered together as a whole. The following four factors must be considered: 窗体顶端(c) 考虑的因素-要确定消费品是否主要供不超过12岁儿童，四个指定法定因素必须整体上一起考虑。以下四个因素必须考虑： 窗体底端(1) A statement by a manufacturer about the intended use of such product, including a label on such product if such statement is reasonable. A manufacturers statement about the products intended use, including the products label, should be reasonably consistent with the expected use patterns for a product. A manufacturers statement that the product is not intended for children does not preclude a product from being regulated as a childrens product if the primary appeal of the product is to children 12 years of age or younger, as indicated, for example, by decorations or embellishments that invite use by the child, being sized for a child or being marketed to appeal primarily to children. Similarly, a label indicating that a product is for ages 9 and up does not necessarily make it a childrens product if it is a general use product. Such a label may recommend 9 years old as the earliest age for a prospective user, but may or may not indicate the age for which the product is primarily intended. The manufacturers label, in and of itself, is not considered to be determinative. 1) 制造商关于产品用途的声明（如果该声明具有合理性），包括产品上的标识。关于产品的设计用途的制造商的声明，包括产品的标签，应该与产品的期望用途模式合理地一致。 在制造商的声明中产品没有预期供儿童使用不妨碍一个产品当作儿童产品，如果产品显示出的主要吸引力是给不超过12岁的儿童，例如，用于装饰或点缀引诱儿童的，儿童尺寸的，或被主要吸引儿童进行销售的。 同样，如果它是一个一般用途产品，标签显示产品是产品为9岁以上，不一定使它成为儿童产品。 这件标签可以推荐9岁作为一名预期用户的最早年龄，但是可能或者可能不表明产品主要预期的年龄。 制造商的标签，就其本身，不认为有决定的意义。(2) Whether the product is represented in its packaging, display, promotion, or advertising as appropriate for use by children 12 years of age or younger. 窗体顶端(2) 产品在包装、展示、促销或广告等方面是否表明该产品适合不超过12岁的儿童使用。 窗体底端(i) These representations may be express or implied. For example, advertising by the manufacturer expressly declaring that the product is intended for children 12 years of age or younger will support a determination that a product is a childrens product. While, for example advertising by the manufacturer showing children 12 years of age or younger using the product may support a determination that the product is a childrens product. These representations may be found in packaging, text, illustrations and/or photographs depicting consumers using the product, instructions, assembly manuals, or advertising media used to market the product. 窗体顶端(i)这些表示可以是明确的或暗示。 例如，做广告的制造商明确地宣称产品供儿童使用不超过12岁将支持判断产品是儿童产品。 当，例如制造商的做广告显示不超过12岁的儿童在使用产品可以支持判断时产品是儿童产品。 这些表示法在包装，文字，描述消费者使用产品的图示和照片，说明书，组装说明，销售产品使用的广告媒体中找到。 窗体底端(ii) The products physical location near, or visual association with, childrens products may be a factor in making an age determination, but is not determinative. For example, a product displayed in a childrens toy section of a store may support a determination that the product is a childrens product. However, where that same product is also sold in department stores and marketed for general use, further evaluation would be necessary. The Commission recognizes that manufacturers do not necessarily control where a product will be placed in a retail establishment and such lack of control will be considered. The Commission evaluates products more broadly than on a shelf-by-shelf or store-by-store basis. ii)产品的实际位置靠近或者视觉上联系着儿童产品可以是进行年龄判断的一个因素，但是不是决定的。 例如，在商店的儿童的玩具部分展示的产品可以支持判断产品是儿童产品。 然而，当同样产品在百货商店也被卖并且为一般用途被销售，则进一步评估是必要的。 委员会认为制造商不一定需要控制产品在零售店所放置的位置，并且这种控制的缺乏将被考虑。 委员会会在比货架间或店铺间更为广泛的范围内评估产品。(iii) The products association or marketing in conjunction with nonchildrens products may not be determinative as to whether the product is a childrens product. For example, packaging and selling a stuffed animal with a candle would not preclude a determination that the stuffed animal is a childrens product since stuffed animals are commonly recognized as being primarily intended for children. (iii)与非儿童的产品结合在一起或一起销售的产品可能不是能决定的是否产品是儿童产品。例如，和一个蜡烛包装在一起销售的一件填充动物玩偶不会妨碍判断填充动物玩偶是儿童产品，因为填充动物玩偶普遍地被认为是主要供儿童使用。(3) Whether the product is commonly recognized by consumers as being intended for use by children 12 years of age or younger. Consumer perception of the products use by children, including its reasonably foreseeable use, will be evaluated. Sales data, market analyses, focus group testing, and other marketing studies may help support an analysis regarding this factor. 窗体顶端(3) 消费者是否普遍认为该产品适合不超过12岁的儿童使用。消费者对于产品由儿童的使用的感知，包括它合理地可预见的用途，将被评估。 销售数据、市场分析、聚焦群测试和其他市场调查可以帮助支持关于这个因素的分析。 窗体底端(i) Features and Characteristics-additional considerations that may help distinguish childrens products from nonchildrens products include: 窗体顶端(i)特点和特征额外的考虑可以帮助区别儿童产品与非儿童产品，包括： 窗体底端n Small sizes that would not be comfortable for the average adult; n 平均来说成人不会舒适的小尺寸;n Exaggerated features (large buttons, bright indicators) that simplify the products use; n 简化产品用途的被夸大的特点(大按钮，明亮的显示);n Safety features that are not found on similar products intended for adults; n 在预期为成人相似的产品找不到的安全特点;n Colors commonly associated with childhood (pinks, blues, bright primary colors); n 一般与儿童时期有联系的颜色(桃红色、蓝色，明亮的原色);n Decorative motifs commonly associated with childhood (such as animals, insects, small vehicles, alphabets, dolls, clowns, and puppets); n 一般与儿童时期有联系的装饰图案 (例如动物、昆虫、小车、字母表、玩偶、小丑和木偶);n Features that do not enhance the products utility (such as cartoons) but contribute to its attractiveness to children 12 years of age or younger; and n 产品的特点窗体顶端n 不提高产品的功能(例如动画片)，但是对于提高对不超过12岁儿童的吸引力有作用; 并且 窗体底端n Play value, i.e., features primarily attractive to children 12 years of age or younger that promote interactive exploration and imagination for fanciful purposes (whimsical activities lacking utility for accomplishing mundane tasks; actions performed for entertainment and amusement). n 具有玩耍价值，即，特点主要吸引对不超过12岁儿童促进交互式的探索和想象的幻想目的 (异想天开的活动，缺乏完成平淡的任务的功能; 为表演和娱乐进行的活动)。(ii) Principal use of the product-the principal uses of a product take precedence over other actions that are less likely to be performed with a product. For example, when a child pretends that a broom is a horse, that does not mean the item is a childrens product because the brooms principal use is for sweeping; (ii)对产品的基本用途-对产品的基本用途优先于是很少可能用产品进行的活动。 例如，当儿童假装时笤帚是马，不意味这个产品就是儿童产品，因为笤帚的基本用途是为清扫;(iii) Cost-the cost of a given product may influence the determination of the age of intended users; and 窗体顶端(iii) 成本-一个给定产品的成本可以影响对预期用户年龄的判断; 并且 窗体底端(iv) Childrens interactions, if any, with the product-products for use in a childs environment by the caregiver but not for use by the child would not be considered to be primarily intended for a child 12 years of age or younger. 窗体顶端(iv)儿童的交互作用，若有，使用产品在儿童的环境，由儿童的护理人而不是儿童使用的产品，不会被认为主要供不超过12岁儿童使用。 窗体底端(4) The Age Determination Guidelines issued by the Consumer Product Safety Commission staff in September 2002, and any successor to such guidelines. The products appeal to different age groups and the capabilities of those age groups may be considered when making determinations about the appropriate user groups for products. (4) 委员会工作人员于2002年9月发布的年龄划分指南以及后来发布的类似指南。在判断产品适用的年龄组时，产品吸引不同的年龄组和那些年龄组的能力可以被考虑。(d) Examples-To help manufacturers understand what constitutes a childrens product under the CPSA, the following additional examples regarding specific product categories are offered: (d)例子-要帮助制造商明白在CPSA范围内什么构成一个儿童产品，我们对于具体的产品类别提供下列各项例子：(1) Furnishings and Fixtures-General home furnishings and fixtures (including, but not limited to: Rocking chairs, shelving units, televisions, digital music players, ceiling fans, humidifiers, air purifiers, window curtains, tissue boxes, rugs, carpets, lamps, clothing hooks and racks) that often are found in childrens rooms or schools would not be considered childrens products unless they are decorated or embellished with a childish theme and invite use by a child 12 years of age or younger, are sized for a child, or are marketed to appeal primarily to children. Examples of home or school furnishings that are designed or intended primarily for use by children and considered childrens products include: Infant tubs, bath seats, small bean bag chairs with childish decorations, beds with childrens themes, child-sized desks, and child-sized chairs. Decorative items, such as holiday decorations and household seasonal items that are intended only for display, with which children are not likely to interact, are generally not considered childrens products, since they are intended to be used by adults. (1)陈设品和装置-一般家饰和装置 (包括但不限于：摇椅、架子、电视、数字式音乐播放器、吊扇、润湿器、空气净化器、窗帘、衣物箱、地毡、地毯、灯、衣帽勾和衣架)，在儿童居室或学校经常被找到但不会被认为是儿童产品除非他们是装饰或美好的主题和和邀请不超过12岁的儿童使用，产品是儿童尺寸或者主要为吸引儿童进行销售。 举例来说，被设计或预期主要供儿童使用和被认为是儿童产品的家庭或学校陈设品包括：婴儿木盆，浴椅，有幼稚装饰的小辎重袋椅子，有儿童主题的床，儿童尺寸的书桌，儿童尺寸的椅子。装饰项目，例如预期为展示预期，儿童不可能互动的假日装饰和家庭季节性项目，通常不被认为是儿童产品，因为他们预期由成人使用。(2) Collectibles-Adult collectibles may be distinguished from childrens collectibles by themes that are inappropriate for children 12 years of age or younger, have features that preclude use by children during play, such as high cost, limited production, fragile features, display features (such as hooks or pedestals), and are not marketed alongside childrens products (for example, in a childrens department) in ways that make them indistinguishable from childrens products. For example, collectible plush bears have high cost, are highly detailed, with fragile accessories, display cases, and platforms on which to pose and hold the bears. Childrens bears have lower costs and simple accessories that can be handled without fear of damage to the product. Another example of collectible items includes model railways and trains made for hobbyists. (2) 收藏品-成人的收藏品可以与儿童的收藏品在主题上进行区别，他们不适宜于不超过12岁的儿童，有防止儿童在玩耍期间使用的特点，如高成本，产量有限，易碎的特点，用于展示的特点(例如钩子或底座)和没有与儿童产品一起被销售(例如，在儿童用品部)用这种方式与儿童产品进行区分。 例如，可可收藏的长毛绒熊有高价格，是高度复杂的，有易碎的附件，陈列橱和平台摆放姿势和容纳熊的。 儿童的熊被处理成对产品没有恐惧或伤害的低成本的简单的附件。 收藏项目的另一个例子包括为有爱好者制作的铁路和火车。(3) Jewelry-Jewelry intended for children is generally sized, themed, and marketed to children. The following characteristics may cause a piece of jewelry to be considered a childrens product: Size; very low cost; play value; childish themes on the jewelry; sale with childrens products (such as a childs dress); sale with a childs book, a toy, or party favors; sale with childrens cereal or snacks; sale at an entertainment or educational event attended primarily by children; sale in a store that contains mostly childrens products; and sale in a vending machine. In addition, many aspects of an items design and marketing are considered when determining the age of consumers for whom the product is intended and will be purchased including: Advertising; promotional materials; packaging graphics and text; dexterity requirements for wearing; appearance (coloring, textures, materials, design themes, licensing, and level of realism); and cost. These characteristics will help jewelry manufacturers and consumers determine whether a particular piece of jewelry is designed or intended primarily for children 12 years of age or younger. 窗体顶端(3)首饰预期供儿童使用的首饰是通常尺寸，有特定主题的，并且被销售给儿童。 以下特征可以造成一件首饰被认为是儿童产品： 大小; 非常低成本; 玩耍价值; 用于首饰的儿童题材; 与儿童产品一起销售(例如儿童的服装); 与儿童图书、玩具或者聚会喜好品一起销售; 与儿童的麦片或快餐一起销售; 在主要由儿童出席的娱乐或教育事件中销售; 在主要包含儿童产品的商店销售; 和在自动售货机销售。 另外，当确定预期的和购买产品的消费者的年龄时，项目设计和行销的许多方面将被考虑： 广告; 促销材料; 包装的图示和文字; 穿戴的灵巧要求; 外观(着色、纹理、材料，设计题材，专利和现实程度); 及价格。 这些特征将帮助首饰制造商和消费者确定一件特定的首饰是否主要为不超过12岁儿童设计或预期使用。 窗体底端(4) DVDs, Video Games, and Computer Products-Most computer products and electronic media, such as CDs, DVDs, and video games, are considered general use products. However, CDs and DVDs with encoded content that is intended for and marketed to children, such as childrens movies, games, or educational software may be determined to be childrens products. CPSC staff may consider ratings given by entertainment industries and software rating systems when making an age determination. In addition, electronic media players and d