挪威冰河博物馆.doc

冰河博物馆冰河博物馆位于挪威的费扬兰，它的设计者是斯维尔费恩，于1991年建造完成。挪威位于北欧斯堪的纳维亚半岛西部，东临瑞典，东北与芬兰和俄罗斯接壤，南同丹麦隔海相望，西濒挪威海，海岸线长2.1万公里，多天然良港，是南北狭长的山国，斯堪的纳维亚山脉纵贯全境，高原、山地、冰川约占全境的60%以上。南部小丘、湖泊、沼泽广布。大部分地区属温带海洋性气候，内部山区气候寒冷。挪威是世界重要的海事国之一，其海岸线曲折，近海岛屿达15万多个，既是优良港口，又是风景优美的游览区。许多人把木制狭板教堂看成是斯堪的纳维亚国家的特色，这种木板教堂可追溯到十二世纪。“我常想，我正在远离挪威建筑的传统。但很快我便意识到，我只是在处理相关语境。”这是1997年普利兹克建筑奖获得者、挪威建筑师斯维勒费恩的语录。他是游走于现代主义传统与北欧建筑风格之间的建筑师，他成功的调和者两者之间的关系，是他留给后世建筑师最可贵的遗产。费恩本人挚爱挪威的天然环境和建筑材料，此后一生致力于沟通城市现代主义风格与古老的建筑艺术。冰河博物馆位于挪威海峡的费扬兰，它处在峡湾的裂口处，像一个石头一样，与周围的环境融为了一体。长长的入口，采用了狭长的木板，采用了坡屋顶，屋顶上方采用了玻璃的顶窗，这样既融合了挪威的木板教堂的元素，又结合了现代玻璃的元素，使两者巧妙的融合。设计师将简单的民间建筑手法和具有挪威风格的狭长木板巧妙的结合到了一起，使得这个建筑物既具有北欧的风格，又不失现代潮流。There is information about the glacier Jostedalsbreen and the Jostedalsbreen National Park. Also the Ulltveit-Moe Climate Centre. The museum is open from April til October, daily.这是关于冰川Jostedalsbreen和Jostedalsbreen国家公园。还有关于Ulltveit-Moe气候中心。该博物馆是从四月到十月每天开放。Its purpose is to collect, create and disseminate knowledge about glaciers and climate. It was founded as a cooperation by the organizations and institutions Norwegian Trekking Association, the International Glaciological Society, the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, the Norwegian Polar Institute, the Sogn og Fjordane University College, the University of Bergen and the University of Oslo. The building was drawn by Sverre Fehn.其目的是“收集，创造和传播有关冰川和气候的知识。它成立一个机构合作的组织和挪威徒步协会，在国际冰川学会，挪威资源和能源局的挪威极地研究所的松恩菲尤拉讷大学时，卑尔根大学和奥斯陆大学。该建筑被提请斯威尔费恩设计。In 2002 a decision was made to build an extension to the museum. Sverre Fehn, a Norwegian architect of international repute and also the architect responsible for the original design was asked to design the extension. In 2006 Sarner Ltd, a UK based museum and attraction design company were commissioned to create the experiential attraction based on Climate Change.在2002年作出决定，建立一个博物馆的延伸。斯维尔费恩，一个享有国际声誉的挪威建筑师，也是建筑师的责任是原来的设计要求设计的延伸。2006年萨尔“我们脆弱的气候”在这里举行The Norwegian Glacier Museum is a non-profit foundation established by the International Glaciological Society, Norwegian Mountain Touring Association, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Norwegian Polar Institute, Sogn og Fjordane Regional College, The University of Bergen and The University of Oslo.挪威冰川博物馆是一个非营利性的基础松恩由国际冰川学会，挪威山区旅游协会，挪威水资源和能源局，挪威极地研究所，菲尤拉讷地区学院，卑尔根大学和奥斯陆大学。The aim of the Norwegian Glacier Museum is to collect, create and disseminate knowledge about glaciers and climate. The exhibitions cover topics within both natural and cultural history. The interplay within the natural environment and between mankind and nature, is highlighted through film, interactive models and individual experiments with real glacier ice. The Norwegian Glacier Museum - a museum for curious people.在挪威冰川博物馆的目的是收集，创造和传播有关冰川和气候的知识。展览包括在自然和文化历史的主题。内在的自然环境和人类与自然之间的相互作用，是强调通过电影，互动模式和个人实际冰川冰的实验。挪威的冰河博物馆一个好奇的人的博物馆。 The exhibition deals with 24 themes in four main categories. It is shown among others how glaciers build up, how they form the landscape, and why they play an important role in the search for knowledge about past and future climate.该展览主要涉及24类四个主题。它表明在别人怎样认识冰川的形成，它们如何形成的景观，以及为什么它们在对过去和未来的气候知识的搜索的重要作用。The Ulltveit-Moe Climate Centre is part of the museum and takes you on a journey through time, from the creation of the earth, through the last ice age and finally to the year 2100.这个Ulltveit-Moe气候中心是属于博物馆的一部分，带领您穿越时空旅行，从地球的创造，通过最后一个冰河时代最终到了2010年。The Norwegian Glacier Museum is an authorized national park centre, with special information about Jostedalsbreen National Park. The museum is designed by the architect Sverre Fehn, who has won international awards for his works. From the roof you have a spectacular view of the glaciers and the surrounding landscape.挪威冰河博物馆是经过授权的国家中心公园，关于Jostedalsbreen国家公园的特殊信息。该博物馆的设计师是斯维尔费恩，一个获得了国际奖的设计师。从屋顶你可以看到冰河的景色以及周围的景色。建筑的基地处于VAGAMO湖所形成的峡湾的端点处，峡湾的两旁紧挨着一层层险峻的高山。建筑处于绿野之上，群山环绕，颜色犹如远处的白雪，形状细长犹如一道峡湾，宁静平和。毫不张扬地为来者诉说大自然的故事。建筑基地南侧有公路，东侧为群山，北侧视野开阔，西侧为人工绿化和停车场。建筑物西面是一条狭长且笔直的屋檐廊道，表现出入口处的意向，门口的两侧是通往屋顶景观的楼梯，圆形的建筑物为一视听中心，在其两侧是类似农舍民宅的斜屋顶所构成的串联转换空间。建筑南面，直接面临峡湾口，户外两座形似冰山三角形透明玻璃结构物为咖啡区，在其之间有一道屋顶排水滴漏管道，衔接管道的地面，建筑师设计了蓄水的河道景观，远远地指向对面的峡湾湖泊，浅近且直接的表现出峡湾形成的过程。东侧是一面梯形混凝土墙，在该墙面上开凿出一道缝隙，光滑的反光物，模拟出大自然的样貌银白飞瀑，白雪道、河流冲刷地表后的痕迹。从建筑物的北面可以看到简单的几何图形的组合，它们的顶部都是等高线阳光洒在建筑上的明暗交错。建筑外观优缺点总结：优点：1. 楼梯除了供人上下行功能之外，亦扮演与高山沟通的角色2. 屋檐依山势上仰，与远处的高山相呼应3. 入口的意向明显，用柱子和屋檐形成虚空间与后方的实空间与咖啡区的虚空间形成对比照应4. 建筑东侧和咖啡区对大自然的模拟5. 建筑整体线条简单修长。采用几何形状的体块搭配出美感缺点：1. 建筑顶部全为等高平行线，显得过于单调2. 几何体过于规矩，感受不到大自然的生命力博物馆的流线示意图（见PPT）室内空间与功能分布建筑内部的功能划分主要是以展览为主，有24类的展览，1. Sculpture by Brd Breivik, with real glacier ice from the Jostedalsbreen.巴德布莱维克雕塑 由来自Jostedalsbreen的冰河真实的冰制作2. Making a glacier film. Shows how Ivo Caprino made the film. The film is shown twice an hour, and lasts 18 minutes.冰河电影的制作。伊沃卡普里展示如何取得的电影，这部电影是一小时显示两次，一次持续18分钟。3. Our fragile climate - experience past and future climates. An unusual exhibition about natural and man-made changes in climate. See also 我们脆弱的气候体验过去和未来的气候。变化在关于自然和认、人为的不同寻常的展览。4. What is a glacier?什么是冰河5. What is a jkulhlaup? A jkulhlaup is a sudden and rapid draining of a glacier-dammed lake. Experience the volcanic eruption under the glacier Vatnajkull, Iceland, in 1996 which caused extreme glacier melting and major flood damage.什么是 jkulhlaup。 Jkulhlaup是一个突然迅速流失的一个冰川湖，堰塞湖。经瓦特纳冰原下的冰川，冰岛，1996年火山喷发，造成极端冰川融化和重大的洪涝灾害。6. Mammoth. The largest mammal that ever lived in Norway. This mammoth tusk from Siberia is 30 000 years old.猛犸。在挪威有史以来最大的哺乳动物，这是来自西伯利亚的猛犸的牙齿，距今有30000岁7. The weather. What kind of weather allows glaciers to exist?气候。什么样的气候使得冰河的存在？8. Why is the ice blue? A piece of glacier ice looks white, but at the glacier the ice is blue.为什么是冰蓝色的？一块冰看起来是百色的，但是在冰川的冰是蓝色的。9. Energy from the glacier. Meltwater from the glacier is used in hydroelectric power production. Some of the power plants are built under the glacier.能量来自于冰川。冰川融水用于水力发电的生产。一些电厂建立在冰川下10. How much energy can you make? Try to make energy by cycling.多少能源可以在制造。试着让能量循环。11. Glacier hiking. Equipment, photos and description of six various hikes on the Jostedal glacier.冰川徒步旅行。设备，照片和远足描述六个不同的约斯特达尔布冰川，12. The glacier tongue. Experience the underside of a glacier in a safe way by entering an artificial melt water chanel. Hear the noise of the moving ice and the meltwater and feel the cold wind.冰川舌。体验底面冰川在一个安全的进入了一个人工融水香奈儿听到移动的冰融水和噪音，感受刺骨的寒风。13. How the fjords where formed. During the last 2-3 million years the glacier carved out the fjords. How does this work? Are the fjords deeper than Grand Canyon in the USA?在峡湾处如何形成的。在过去2-3万年冰川峡湾雕刻出来。这是如何工作的？14. + 19. The glacier river makes new land. Due to the glacier river Fjrland is increasing its area every year. How? Ice experiment: Erode the bedrock like a glacier does and participate in forming a valley.14和19.冰川河流。新的土地。由于冰川河流赛扬兰每年都在增加它的面积。冰川冰的实验侵蚀急眼就像形成一个山谷。15. Why is the fjord green? (experiment) In summer, the water in the fjord is not clear but looks greyish green.为什么是绿色的峡湾？在夏季，峡湾里的水并不干净但是看着是灰绿色的16. Natural climate changes. Changes in the Earths orbit around the sun, combined with decreased insolation can cause an ice age. Enter the simulator and make your own ice age!自然气候的变化。太阳周围的冰，随着日晒会导致下降，进入模拟器，制作属于自己的冰河时代。17. The glaciers our best climate record. Scientists obtain ice cores of several kilometre length from the ice shields in Greenland and Antarctica. These ice cores contain information on past climate.冰川-最好的气候记录。科学家获得南极冰盾在格陵岛和冰长度从几公里的核心。这些冰芯中包含过去的气候信息。18. Ice-experiment. Watch ice melting under pressure, and refreezing. Experiment with coloured water running through the ice.冰的实验。观赏压力下的冰融化。，在冻结。用彩色水实验贯穿冰。20. Jostedalsbreen National Park was established in 1991. The Glacier Museum is situated at one of the entrances to the park. See how the landscape looks like under the ice cap.Jostedalsbreen国家公园成立于1991年。冰河博物馆坐落于公园的入口之一。看着这样的风景在冰覆盖的样子。21. Cold news. Changing topics from glacial and climate reseach.冷消息。变化的主题，从冰川和气候。22. Experiments. Make your own soft ice, try the ice screw in real glacier ice and learn why crevasses occure on the glacier.实验。制作自己的软冰，冰川冰尝试螺钉，了解为什么裂缝冰23. tzi the man in the ice. The exhibition tells the story about the 5300 year old iceman tzi who was found in a glacier in the European Alps in 1991. Also read about finds in some of the Norwegian glaciers.tzi人在冰上。这个展览故事讲述了1991年关于5300年的冰人 tzi被发现在欧洲的阿尔卑斯山的冰川上。另外阅读有关挪威冰川的一些发现。24. What is special about glacial rivers? Learn about the differences between glacial rivers and other rivers. See and listen to real time data from weather stations on the glacier (1000 m asl.) and by the glacier river.什么是冰川河流的特别之处。学习关于冰河和别的河流之间的区别。看到和听到现实的冰川。展区的空间类型属于串联式，展品的陈列方式属于两边平面展品中间立体展品的双线陈列。顶部除了窗的设计外还有供人观赏风景的平台，合理利用了顶部空间，二层利用了下凹顶窗剩余空间，展区用柱廊划分了空间，利用这样较特殊的空间制造一个人工冰河环境，让观者身临其境室内空间及功能优缺点分析：优点：1. 流线十分清晰，便于参观及布置展区2. 合理巧妙地利用了如二层、后部较特殊的空间缺点：1 展区串联式的空间似乎显得太单调2 咖啡区放在整个空间的中间位置似乎不妥，因为它并非建筑的主要功能采光分析：建筑的入口长廊采用了顶窗的设计，以便于增加室内的采光优点：1. 陈列室内照度均匀2. 采光效率高3. 采光口不影响陈