2015年四级翻译练习.doc

1. 每年的10月1日是中国的国庆节（National Day）。“国庆”一词，本指国家喜庆之时，最早出现在西晋。今天称国家建立的纪念日为“国庆”。1949年新中国的建立实现了中华民族的独立和解放，于是新中国宣告成立的日子被定（designate）为国庆节。国庆的庆祝形式多种多样，主要包括大型庆典、阅兵和群众游行等。我们通过这些活动来表达对祖国的热爱。参考译文：October 1st of every year is the National Day of China. The words national day originally referred to the festive time of a country and it first appeared in the Xijin Dynasty. Today the anniversary of a country foundation is called national day. The establishment of the new China in 1949 realized the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation, and thus the day on which the new China declared its foundation was designated as the National Day. The celebration are various, mainly including the grand celebration ceremonies, the review of troops and civilian parades. We express our love for our motherland by these activities.2. 总体来说，中国梦（China Dream）是指实现中华民族的伟大复兴，它是所有中国人对国家、民族以及个人未来前景的美好梦想。中国正在大力发展可持续经济，建设一个富裕的国家。中国坚持和平与正义，推动建设公正、和谐和世界。对个人来说，我们要做一个正直的人，尽最大努力发挥自己的聪明才智，实现自己的美好愿望，同时对现代文明的发展作出贡献。参考译文：Generally speaking, the China Dream means realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, which is all the Chinese peoples beautiful dream of the future of the country, the nation and individuals. China is developing a sustainable economy energetically to construct a rich country. China adheres to peace and justice and propels a construction of a just and harmonious world. As individuals, we should be people with integrity, trying our best to our intelligence and realize our good wishes, and meanwhile make a contribution to the development of modern civilization.3. 中国五年前根本没有高速铁路。但是现在高铁列车(high-speed trains)的票经常很快就售罄，尽管发车间隔比较短。人们能够很方便地以两倍于美国火车最髙速的速度在全国周游。高速铁路系统的运菅非常成功，它运载的乘客是全国民航 (civil aviation)系统运载的乘客的两倍。中国有世界上最先进的、低排放的快速运输系统之一，而做到这一点仅仅用了五年。参考译文：China didnt have a high-speed railway five years ago. But now the tickets of high-speed trains are usually sold out very quickly, even though the departure interval is quite short. And people can conveniently travel around the nation at a speed that doubles the speed of the fastest American train. The operation of high-speed rail system is very successful; it carries twice as many passengers as the nations civil aviation system. China has one of the most advanced rapid transit systems with low emissions in the world, and it only takes five years to achieve this.4. 颐和园(the Summer Palace)位于北京市西北部的海淀区，距北京市中心15公里。它是中国最大、保存最完好的皇家园林。颐和园有著名的自然风景和人文景观(cultural landscape),因此它也一直被公认为是“皇家园林博物馆”。顾和园始建于1750年，作为一座豪华的皇家花园供皇室成员休息和娱乐。清朝末期，颐和园成为了皇家成员的主要居住地。它位列世界遗产(the World Heritage Sites)目录，也是中国第一批国家5A级旅游景区之一。参考译文：The Summer Palace is situated in the Haidian District, northwest of Beijing City,15 kilometers from central Beijing. It is the largest and most well-preserved royal park in China. It also has long been recognized as “the Museum of Royal Gardens”with famous natural view and cultural landscape. The construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal garden for royal families to rest and entertain. It became the main residence of royal members in the end of the Qing Dynasty. It not only ranks amongst the World Heritage Sites but also is one of the first national AAAAA tourist spots in China.5. 中国是发展中国家中的大国，其工业化正在快速发展，环境问题也变得日益严峻，因此环境保护被国家视为一项基本国策。近年来，国家采取了很多措施来加强环境治理，如建立了世界著名的生态工程“三北防护林工程(the Three-North Shelter Forest Program)。此外，中国也在大力发展自然保护区，颁布了环境保护法(The law on Environmental Protection),加强环保意识和环保教育。目前，环境治理已取得明显成效，大部分城市环境和农业生态环境得到了很大改善，工业污染防治能力也大大提高。参考译文：China is a major developing country undergoing rapid industrialization. The environmental problem in China is getting more and more serious, thus environmental protection has been taken as one of the basic national policies by the government. In recent years, the government has taken lots of measures to improve the environment governance, such as carrying out the world famous ecological project“the Three-North Shelter Forest Program”.Moreover, China has been greatly developing the natural reserves.“The Law on Environmental Protection”has been issued to strengthen the awareness and education of environmental protection. Now, distinct achievements have been gained in environmental governance. The environment in most cities and the agricultural ecological environment around the country have been greatly improved. The capability of preventing and controlling industrial pollution has been highly enhanced.6. 如今，随着网络的发展，越来越多的人喜欢网上购物。足不出户，只需鼠标点，快递员就会把你要的东西送到家门口，省时省力，方便快捷。这为消费者节省了很多逛超市的时间，也避免了交通拥堵。由于网上销售库存压力较小、经营成本低、经营规模不受场地限制，这也给年轻人创业提供了很好的机会。网上购物无论对消费者、企业还是市场都有着巨大的吸引力和影响力，在新经济时期无疑是达到“多赢(multi-win)”效果的理想模式。参考译文：Nowadays, with the development of Internet, more and more people prefer to shop online. You would get the goods you want at your door from the expressman just by clicking the mouse, which is convenient and can save both time and effort. Online shopping cuts down on the consumers time of going to the supermarket and avoids the traffic jam. Due to little pressure on stock, low management cost and business scale with little limitation on sites, online shopping offers a good opportunity for young people to start a business. Online shopping is attractive and influential to its consumers, companies and market, which can achieve an ideal pattern of multi-win effect in the new economy period undoubtedly.7. 打车难已经成为大城市人们生活中较为普遍的问题。城市人口规模的扩大，人类社会活动的不断多元(diversification)化都增加了对出租车的需求。随着城市交通拥堵状况不断加剧，为避免堵车影响收人，上下班高峰时段很多司机不愿意跑拥堵路段和主城区，导致市民在一些交通枢纽、商业中心、医院附近很难打到出租车。城市建设影响了出租车的使用效率。出租车行业不规范，拒载行为屡屡发生，这也是导致打车难的人为因素。参考译文：It has been a common problem in large city residents life that its hard to take a taxi. The increase of urban population and diversification of social activities make the demand for taxi rise. As the traffic jam becomes worse in cities，to guarantee personal income, many taxi drivers refuse to drive on busy roads and main urban areas, which makes it difficult for many citizens to take a taxi near some transportation junctions, commercial centers and hospitals. City construction affects the efficiency of taxi. Being not standard in the taxi industry and taxi drivers often refusing to take passengers are the human factors that make it difficult to take a taxi.8. 复杂的汉字(Chinese characters)书写体系是中国古代文化遗留下来的瑰宝。而这一体系正面临着退化的命运。随着电脑和智能手机的迅速发展和普及，年轻人拿起笔却写不出字来的现象越来越常见。若不借助电子产品的帮助，很多人难以写出10万个日常用字。为此，中央电视台开播了一档汉字听写比赛(Chinese Character Dictation Competition)节目，以引起人们对汉字的重视，帮助观众提高汉字书写能力。参考译文The complex writing system of Chinese characters is a treasure of Chinese ancient culture. But this system is facing a decline. With the rapid development and popularity of computers and smart phones comes a more commonly seen phenomenon that young people are barely able to write with pen in hand. Without the help of an electronic product, many people find it hard to write 10，000 characters frequently used in daily life. Thus, the CCTV launched a program, Chinese Character Dictation Competition, to arouse peoples attention to Chinese characters and improve the audiences handwriting ability.9. 联合国下属机构世界旅游组织(World Tourism Organization)公布的数据显示，中国游客对全球旅游业的贡献最大。中国人去年花在出境游上的支出膨胀至1020亿美元，同2011年相比增长了40%。联合国世界旅游组织在其网站上发布的一份声明中说，这一增幅令中国迅速超越德国和美国。后两者在之前是出境游支出最高的两个国家。2012年德美两国出境旅游支出均同比增长6%,约840亿美元。The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry. Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011. That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S. the former No. 1 and No. 2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year- on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.10. 在传统的中国家庭文化中，同一祖先的几代后裔(descendants) 居住在一起，形成一个大家庭。这种自治(autonomous)家族制度是 中国传统社会的基本单位。中国的孩子们跟随他们父亲的姓。这和 西方文化是一样的。如今在中国，孩子跟父亲的姓或母亲的姓在法 律上都是合法的。除了那些因为结婚加入到家庭中的人以外，人们 的姓氏都是一样的。参考译文：IntraditionalChinesefamilyculture,descendantsofseveralgenerationsfromthesameancestorlivedtogetherandformedabigfamilysystem.ThiskindofautonomousfamilysystemwasthebasicunitoftraditionalChinesesociety.Chinesechildrenfollowtheirfathersfamilyname.Thisisthesameaswesternculture.NowadaysinChinaitislegallyfineforachildtofolloweitherfathersfamilynameormothersfamilyname.Within each family system, of course people except those who joined this family system through marriage all have the same family name.11. 越来越多的中国互联网用户发现了网购的乐趣。中国互联网络信息中心称，上半年有超过8700万的中国人网络购物，这意味着四分之一的中国网民有网络购物的经历。大多数网络购物者为18-30岁的学生和白领，月收入在1000-3000元不等。女性网购多于男性。衣服和家用产品是在网上购买最多的东西。预计网络购物这一趋势在将来只增不减，这反映出中国经济的强劲发展劲头。参考译文：A growing number of Chinese Internet users have discovered the joy of online shopping. The China Internet Network Information Center(CNNIC) announced that more than 87 million Chinese made purchase on the Internet in the first half year, which means one out of four Chinese netizens have online shopping experience. Most online shoppers are students and white-collar workers aged 18 to 30 with a monthly income of 1,000 yuan to 3,000 yuan. Women shop online more than men do. Clothing and home-use products are the most popular goods bought online. It is predicted that the trend of online shopping will grow rather than drop in the future. This reveals the strong development momentum of China s economy.12. 新闻联播是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，新闻联播以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。参考译文：Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the worlds most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its steady and serious style.13. 故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。参考译文：The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows peoples everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.14. 孔子(Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒 学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和 宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰， 中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影 响比作西方的苏格拉底。参考译文：Confuciuswasathinker,politicalfigure,educator,andfounderoftheRuSchoolofChinesethought.Confucianism,thegreatsystemofmoralandreligiousphilosophybuiltupontheteachingsofMasterKung.FungYou-lan,oneofthegreat20thcenturyauthoritiesonthehistoryofChinesethought,comparesConfuciusinfluenceinChinesehistorywiththatofSocratesintheWest.15. 饺子是一种充馅食物，传统上在中国北方食用较多。早在三国时期就有关于饺子的记载。饺子的馅料一般是肉和蔬菜，馅料被包在一片擀得圆圆的薄面皮里，然后面皮边缘被压在一起。烹制饺子的方法有很多种，诸如煮、蒸和煎。过去，中国人通常在春节等传统节日时吃饺子；现在，饺子已成为中国人日常饮食中的一种普通食物。参考译文： A dumpling (jiaozi) is a kind of food fuilled with fillings, which is eaten more in North China traditionally. As early as the Three Kingdom Period, there had been records about dumplings. The fillings of dumplings are usually made of meat and vegetable, which are wrapped in a piece of dough that is rolled thin and round, and then the edges of the dough are pressed together. There are many ways to cook dumplings, such as boling, steaming and frying. In the past, Chinese usually ate dumplings during traditional holidays like the Spring Festival; nowadays, dumplings have become a kind of ordinary food in Chinese daily diet.16. 中国的老龄人口在快速增长。预计到2050年，全国将有三分之一的人口超过60岁。然而，在中国的大多数城市,养老院(nursing home)数量很少且针对性的服务远远落后。这就是为什么大多数中国人在他们变老时，更愿意留在自己的子女或配偶身边。一些政协委员(CPPCC member)建议增加保障老龄人口权益的国家财政预算,给养老院提供更多的基础设施(infrastructure)并提高其服务质量。参考译文：Chinas aging population is growing rapidly. It is predicted that by 2050 one out of three Chinese will be over 60 years old. However, in most Chinese cities, there are few nursing homes, and their targeted services lag far behind. Thats why for most Chinese, when they grow old, they worried rather stay with their children or spouses. Some CPPCC members suggest that more national budget should go towards protecting aging populations rights and interests, by building more infrastructure and improving service in nursing homes.17. 在中国人们见面时喜欢问：“你去哪儿？”或“你吃了吗？”大多数时候人们并非真正想知道你要去哪里或吃饭了没有。实际上那只是一种打招呼的方式。与西方的风俗相似，当你与个陌生人开始交谈时，诸如天气、食物或爱好之类的话题可能是打破坚冰的不错选择。询问私人问题时应当慎重,但是聊些关于家乡、工作方面的话題则通常可以使谈话顺利进行。参考译文：InChina,peopleliketoaskWhereareyouheadingfor?orHaveyoueatenyet?whentheymeeteachother.Formostofthetime,theydonotreallywanttoknowwhereyouaregoingtoorwhetheryouhaveeatenornot.Actually,thatisjustawaytogreeteachother.Similartowesterncustoms,whenyoustarttalkingwithastranger,topicssuchasweather,foodorhobbymaybegoodchoicestobreaktheice.Youshouldbecautiouswhenyouaskprivatequestions.Butachataboutoneshometownorjobcanusuallygoonsmoothly.18. 中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。2010年，中国约有4.2亿网民（netizen），而且人数还在迅速增长。互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化。中国网民往往不同于美国网民。美国网民更多的事受实际需要的驱使，用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、做研究、规划旅程或付款。中国网民更多的事处于社交原因使用互联网，因而更广泛地使用论坛、博客、聊天室等。参考译文：The internet community in China enjoys the fastest growth around the world. There were about 420 million netizens across China in 2010 and the number is still increasing rapidly. The growing popularity of the internet has brought about great social changes. Internet users in China are generally different from those of America. More driven by practical needs, American netizens use the Internet as a tool to send e-mails, buy and sell goods, do research, plan tours or make payments. Chinese netizens, however, in most cases, making use of the Internet for social reasons. Therefore, forums, blogs and chat rooms and so on are more widely used.19. 乒乓球在中国是一项颇受欢迎和推崇的运动。长期以来，它的确是中国唯一的运动，似乎集足球、篮球和棒球于一身，但却更受欢迎。任何人都可以打乒乓球，所需的只是一副拍子(paddle)、一个球、一张桌子和一张网而已，这些都易于临时拼凑。人们可以在休息间隙或消磨时间时打兵兵球。在中国的学校、工厂甚至某些公司里，都能找到乒兵球桌。参考译文：Table tennis is a sport which gains much popularity and praise in China. For a long time, it has really been the only sport in China and seemed to set football, basketball and baseballall rolled into one, but it was more popular. Anyone can play table tennis, for all required are a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net, which are easy to beimprovised. People can play it when taking a break or killing time. You can find table-tennis tables in schools, factories or even some companies all over China.20. 随着世界人口越来越密集（denselypopulated),空气污染已经成了严重的问题。空气污染主要来源于四个主要的人类活动领域：工业、能源业、交通运输业以及农业。经营工厂,为火车、飞机和公共汽车提供动力都需要能源。几乎所有这些能源都是通过燃烧燃料产生的,这就会造成空气污染。科学家们正在研究能减少环境破坏的新发电方式。增强的公共环保意识使诸如回收利用(recycling)等活动产生。参考译文：As the world is getting more and more densely populated, air pollution has become a severe problem. Air pollution mainly derives from four major human activity sectors: industry, energy, transportation and agriculture. Energies are needed to run factories, to power trains, planes and buses. Nearly all of these energies are produced by burning fuels, which would cause air pollution. Scientists are studying new ways of generating electricity that can be less damaging to the environment. The increased public environmental awareness has led to the advent of activities such as recycling.21. 越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。参考译文：An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kid shave a good command of Chinese. Chinas rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage.22. 在中国,出国留学的人数逐年上升,但出国留学,却不见得是一个不错的投资选择。拥有海外文凭的求职者同拥有国内文凭的求职者相比，并无优势可言。但对于那些留学海外以及想要出国进修的学生而言，有机会开阔眼界远胜过对经济风险的担忧。现在学生更看重个人发展，不再只是把出国留学看作是提高职场竞争力的一项“投资”。参考译文：The number of people studying abroad is on the gradual rise in China, but it might not be a good investment. Job applications with a foreign diploma have no edge over their domestically trained peers. But for those already studying abroad and those planning to pursue foreign education, the opportunity to expand their horizons outweighs any financial concerns. Students now value studying abroad as their personal development more than an “investment” to improve their competitive power in the job market.23. 中国航天业开创于1956年。几十年来，中国航天事业创造了一个又一个奇迹。1970年，中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个独立自主研制和发射人造地球卫星的国家。1992年，中国开始实施载人航天飞行工程（manned spaceflight program）。2003年，中国成功发射了“神舟五号”载人飞船，使中国成为第三个发射载人飞船的国家。2007年发射了“嫦