英语时态小结.doc

英语时态小结1.一般现在时:1)客观规律、客观事实、公式、名言Our teacher once told us the earthmovesaround the sun. We live in Wenzhou. One and two is/are three.He, who does not reach the Great Wall , is not a true man.2)经常性或习惯性动作We often have lunch at twelve oclock. We have sports every day.2.一般过去时1)过去某时发生了动作或存在的状态。I had a maths lesson from Mr. Chen yesterday morning.2)历史的事实。George Washington was the first president of the United States.3)过去错误的判断。I thought you came from Shanghai.I often _go_ to school early every morning, but today I _went_ to school late this morning.(go)3.现在进行时:现阶段正在进行，但不一定已经完成的动作。Now he is writing a book about China，but Im not sure whether he has finished it yet.I often_go_ (go) to school in the morning , but now I _am learning_(learn) English at home .4.过去进行时:1)过去某时正在进行的动作叫过去进行时.结构:主语+was/were+现在分词,常与this time yesterday;last night,last week等时间状语连用.I was doing my homework this time yesterday.He was doing his homework last night, but Im not sure whether he has finished it.I _an English class now, but I_a physics lesson this time yesterday.(have)2)用过去进行时：在过去的某一点时间，或者是过去某一动作同时发生的另外一个动作。瞬间动词（如arrive）无进行时态。同时发生的两个动作1.一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时。2.分工的情况，均用过去进行时When I was doing my homework,my mother was cooking.表面上是分工：两个动作同时开始，表示同时开始同时结束，延续时间不一致，长一点时间的动作用进行时态，短时间的动作用过去时。When someone knocked at the door,I was having dinner.5.一般将来时:对于现在而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用一般将来时：主语+will/be going to+动词原形。常与表示将来的时间状语用:tomorrow,next week,this afternoon, this evening, in 2008.I_ 16 years old and next year I _17, but last year I _ only 15 years old.(be)1）When will you be able to visit us again? 2）I wont be free tonight.3）My sister will finish her middle school this year.6.过去将来时:对于过去某时而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，我们常用过去将来时，常与表示过去为基点的将来的时间状语连用：the next week/month/term。would+do:过去将来式，间接方式，转述，站在过去看未来He says that he will visit China next year.-He said that he would visit China the next year.7.现在完成时两种基本用法：)过去动作对现在的影响，与ever，never，just，so far，in these days，already，yet连用；2)从过去一直延续到现在的动作注意：have been to：去过某地，当事人在场;have gone to：去了某地，当事人不在场.1）How many words have you learnt today? 2）He hasnt got up yet.3）I have been to England. 4)Tom isnt here. He has gone to Hangzhou.8.过去完成时过去的过去：1)在过去某个动作之前就已经完成的动作：过去完成式，过去以前发生的事情。The train had left before he got to the railway station.2)过去时间的过去：by+过去时间:How many English words had you learnt by the end of last term?The Present Continuous Tense for Future Actions1）Bettyis going off (leaving for)to Guangzhou by plane tomorrow.2）Bobis goingto the airport by taxi next week. 3) Janeis stayingin Xian with her parents.4) Bobis comingwith Betty to see her off.此四句是现在进行时代替将来时，表示一个最按计划或安排打算要进行的动作，这类动词通常是瞬间动作，只限于少数动词，常见的有：go, come, leave, sleep, stay, play, do, have, take, get to, see off, etc.练一练:1. Betty _ (leave) for Guangzhou by plane at 3:00 this afternoon. Her brother Bob _ (see) her off. Its half past one now. They _ (wait) for a taxi outside the school gate.2. The Browns _ (go) to the North China by train next week. They _ (stay) in Beijing for a week. They _ (go) to Xian. They _ (get) there by air.3. Some friends _ (come) to Annes birthday party this evening. Annes mother _ (be) busy _ (get) ready for the birthday dinner. Anne _ (help) her mother now.现在进行时用法归纳(1)表示现在进行时的动作有两种含义：1）表示说话的时刻正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now, at the moment等连用。2）表示现在阶段正在进行的动作，而不一定是说话时正在进行的动作，常与today, this week, this term等连用。Eg. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my dad on the farm.Im sitting on a rock near the river with my friends.我和我的朋友们正坐在河边的一块岩石上。(2)表示反复性或习惯性的动作，常与副词always, continually等连用，表示说话人的赞扬，厌恶，不满，遗憾等的感情色彩。Eg. Shes always changing her mind.她老是改变主意。（厌烦）(3)表示不久之后肯定将发生，或按计划或安排将要做的事（常与未来的时间状语连用），能这样用的动词多是表示“位移”“停留”的，如come, go , leave, arrive, start, begin等。Eg. Mother is taking us home to see my grandma on Sunday.星期天母亲将带我们回老家看我祖母。注意！另外,表示将来的动作或状态,还可用以下几种形式:will / shall动词原形：I shall be seventeen years old next month. (自然趋势)be going to动词原形:表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。We are going to have a meeting today.be to动词原形:表达预定,按计划或安排将发生.常见于报纸、广播及张贴的行为准则等。The president is to visit China next month.be about to动词原形,表示即将发生的动作,不与表示将来的时间状语连用。I was about to go swimming when my guide shouted at me and told me not to do so.be动词的ing形式：表示按计划或安排要发生的事,含义是“预定要”这一结构常用趋向动词go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay , return和play, do, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet等。- When are you going off for your holiday?- My plane is taking off at 9:20, so I must be at the airport by 8:30. 一般现在时表示将来时(1)按规定预计要发生的未来动作,仅限于动词come, go, leave, move, start, return, arrive, begin, stay等动词.The plane takes off at 10:10. That is, its leaving in ten minutes.(2)在条件时间状语从句中多用一般现在时表将来时。If you do that again, Ill hit you.(3)用在I bet和I hope后面,常用一般现在时表将来。I bet you dont get up before ten tomorrow.Translate the following statements:1.我下个月将去美国。2.我姑姑在信上说她后天将到我们家。3.我明天将什么东西也不做。4.玛丽和我下个星期天去钓鱼。练一练！1. -Im going to the States?-How long _ you_ in the States?A. are; stayed B. are; staying C. have; stayed D. did; stay2. Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mum.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken3. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A.will change B. has changed C. will have changed D. is changing4. - Youve left the light on. -Oh, I have. _ and turn it off.A.I go B. Ive gone C. Ill go D. Im going5. - Is this raincoat yours? -No, mine_ there behind the door.A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung6. - Whats that terrible noise? -The neighbours_ for a party.A.have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare7. Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half prices.A.has closed down B. closed down C.is closing down D.had closed down8. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit old.A.get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got9. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame10. -Are you still busy?- Yes, I_ my work, and it wont take long.A.just finish B. am just finishing C. have just finished D.am just going to finish11. -Did you tell Julia about the result? - Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now.A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call12. - What are you going to do this afternoon?- Im going to the cinema with some friends. The film _ quite early, so we _ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go13. -Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet. The rooms_.A. are being painting B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painted14. - do you like the material? - Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt15. I dont really work here; I _until the new secretary arrives.A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out动词时态练习1. Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick? -John _.A. cleaned B. does C. did D. has2.Look at those big black clouds. It _ _ rain. Lets hurry.A. must B. will C. would D. is going to3.-Can I speak to Mr. Smith , please? -Im afraid not. He _ a meeting at the moment.A. having B. is having C. has D. had4.Look! Some blue birds _ in the sky.A. fly B. flying C. are flying D. is flying5.What did your son say in the letter? -He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit6.Mrs. Shao _our science teacher.A.am B. is C. are D. were7.He _ a letter to his family last Sunday.A. writed B. wrote C. writes D. has written8.How long have you _ the book? -For a week.A. borrowed B. lent C. kept D. bought9.Have you ever been to Hangzhou?-Yes. I _there two years ago.A. have been B. went C. have gone D. went to10.Keep quiet, please.They _a meeting now.A. have B. had C. are having D. have had11.Please _me something about the picture.A.tell B. say C. speak D. talk12. -What are they doing over th