新世纪大学英语第一册第一单元及习题答案大全.doc

Unit 1 Learning a LanguageGet StartedSit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.1. Do you think it is necessary to learn another language besides your mother tongue?2. How long have you learned English? Do you think English is very difficult to learn?3. If possible, what other foreign languages do you want to learn? Why?4. Speaking from your own experience, what effective ways would you like to suggest to help others learn English?Get StartedAnswers for reference1. Answers may vary. However, the teacher may draw students attention to the fact that English is becoming an international language and that there is a growing need for us to communicate in English with people from other countries.2. Answers could vary from 6 to 10 years, depending on where the students are from. Generally speaking, students growing up in cities start learning English 3-5 years earlier than those in the countryside. Those who dont enjoy learning English or are not motivated may find English very difficult to learn.3. Possible answers may be French, German, Japanese, Spanish, etc. One may find different reasons. Some students choose to study one specific foreign language out of their love for the literature in that language; some may like to listen to music, or watch movies in that language; some want to be able to read research papers published in that language; and many others may simply want to be able to speak the target language when traveling in that country.4. Possible useful ways may include: reading and listening as much as one can; talking to native speakers whenever possible; visiting the English Corner on campus; watching English movies; surfing the Internet, etc. Other effective ways of learning English may include: paying special attention to useful expressions and trying to use them whenever and wherever possible; learning good passages by heart; memorizing lists of words to develop vocabulary; working on a grammar book systematically to achieve accuracy and doing more writing practice.QUOTESStudy the following quotes about language learning. Do you accept the ideas expressed in the quotes? State your reasons.Whoever is not acquainted with foreign languages knows nothing of his own -GoetheLanguage is not an abstract （抽象的） construction of the learned（有学问的人）, or of dictionary-makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground.- Walt WhitmanI havent conquered Spanish yet. Im learning and understand whats said during training. Im progressing little. Spanish is very difficult for me, although I am getting used to it. I am making an effort. Its complicated. But if I can conquer Spanish, it will have been a great achievement. -David BeckhamInterpretations of the quotes1. Goethe emphasizes the importance of learning foreign languages. Learning a foreign language is comparable to ajourney of discovery. One needs to be familiar with some foreign languages in order to understand his or her own native language. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832): a German poet and scientist, and one of the best known writers of plays and books of all time, known especially for his play Faust（浮士德）.2. Whitman thinks that language is not something produced from nowhere by the intellectuals or dictionary-makers. Rather, it is something coming from the commonplace activities and emotions of many generations of human beings, including their work, needs, relationships, happiness, love and preferences. Language is broadly and deeply rooted in these common happenings.Walt Whitman (1819-1892): a US writer known for his poetry about the beauty of nature and the value of freedom. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential US poets, and his best-known work is Leaves of Grass（草叶集）.3. Here Beckham, the world-famous football star, shares with us his experience in learning a foreign language. From what Beckham says, we can see that learning a foreign language is difficult for everyone. But if we make an effort, we can conquer it. As the saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way. David Beckham (1975-) became known as a football talent at the age of 11. He joined Manchester United as a professional midfielder （中锋） in January 1993. In June 2003, he moved to Spain and joined Real Madrid. A footballer with an amazing ability to score goals and get the crowd on its feet, Beckham is now well known as one of the best football players of the world.Listen and RespondYou will listen to what a student from Argentina （阿根廷） says about learning foreign languages. The words and phrases in the box may be of some help to you.Portuguese 葡萄牙语（的）；葡萄牙人（的）mother tongue 母语Spanish n. & a. 西班牙语（的）broaden vt. 放宽，变宽；扩大confident a. 确信的，自信的；有信心的cope v. deal successfully with a difficult situation （成功地）应付，对付communicate v. 交流意见（或感情、消息等）；沟通frequently ad. 常常地，频繁地obtain v. rather fml become the owner of, esp. by means of effort or planning; get 较正式目（尤指通过努力或计划）获得，得到；买到remarkably ad. 显著地，引人注目地catch on (to sth.) ：begin to understand (sth.) （开始）明白，了解（某事）rhythm n. 节奏；韵律regarding prep. Fml 【正式】（尤用于商业书信中）关于，有关plus n. 受欢迎的或有利的附加物，有利条件accustomed a. in the habit of; used to 习惯于的get accustomed to： become in the habit of; become used to 习惯于的process n. 步骤，程序enjoyable a. （事情、经历等）使人快乐的，有乐趣的ScriptHello, Im Alberto. Im a student of English, French, Portuguese and Italian. I would also love to learn Chinese and German in the near future. My mother tongue is Spanish and I have a degree in Political Science. I love to learn new languages, because I think it broadens my mind. Even though I still have some difficulty with verb tenses, Im confident that with time and practice Ill cope with them.I believe learning a new language besides your mother tongue can be useful, especially in a world where distances are shortened and people from different countries communicate with each other more frequently.Learning a new language can be a good experience, but only if you keep in mind that nothing is obtained without some effort. In my opinion, the best way to learn a language is to read a lot. It doesnt matter what you read, but that you do it. Even if you dont understand everything, your reading comprehension skill will improve remarkably. Also, if possible, watch a lot of television in that language, or listen to CDs. Maybe at first you wont understand a word, but later youd catch on to the rhythm of the language.Good dictionaries are necessary, and books regarding vocabulary can be a plus. The Internet is also a useful tool.The language you choose to learn might seem a little difficult at first, or even totally strange, but youll get accustomed to it. Remember that the learning process is long, and that it never ends. However, it is also highly enjoyable.TASK ONE Focusing on the Main IdeasAnswer the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1. What does Alberto mainly talk about in this monologue（独白）？2. Is he very interested in language learning? Why?3. Does he think it is very useful to do a lot of reading when learning a language? Why?TASK TWO Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.1. Alberto has started learning _, _, Portuguese and _, and he would also love to learn _ and _ in the near future.2. He loves to learn new languages, because he thinks it broadens _.3. According to Alberto, learning a new language besides ones _ can be useful, especially in a world where distances _ and people from different countries communicate with each other _.4. He recommends（推荐） three good ways of language learning. They are:a. _;b. watch a lot of television in that language; andc. _.5. He also mentions three other things that are helpful for learning a language. They are:a. _;b. vocabulary books; andc. _.6. Finally Alberto says learning a language might seem a little _, or even strange, but one will get used to it. Though the learning process is long and it _, it is also _.TASK ONE:Focusing on the Main ideas1. In this monologue Alberto tells us that he likes to learn new languages and why he likes to do so. He also shares with us some ways which he thinks are helpful in learning a new language.2. Yes, he is. He is very interested in language learning because he thinks it helps broaden his mind.3. Yes, he does. He thinks that as long as one keeps on reading, ones reading comprehension skill will improve remarkably.TASK TWO:Zooming In on the Details1. English French Italian Chinese German2. his mind3. mother tongue are shortened more frequently4. read a lot listen to CDs5. good dictionaries the Internet6. difficult at first never ends highly enjoyableRead & ExploreA Language Teachers Personal Opinion 一名语言教师的个人看法【1】Every day I see advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses claiming that it is easy to learn English. 我每天都会在报纸上、公共汽车上看到各种广告，声称轻轻松松就能学好英语。According to these advertisements, with very little effort on the students part, he will be able to speak the language fluently in three months or even ten days. 这些广告称，学生不必费什么力气，要说一口流利的英语只需短短3个月，甚至10天就行。There is often a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage him even more. (At the same time the advertisements very often mention great English writers such as William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to join them in learning English.) 广告还常常提到威廉.莎士比亚和查尔斯.狄更斯等英语文学大师的名号来增强吸引力。When I see advertisements like this, I dont know whether to laugh or cry. 每当看到诸如此类的广告时，我真是哭笑不得。If it were as easy to learn English as they say, I would have to look for another job, because very few qualified teachers would be needed. (In fact English is not that easy to learn; otherwise, I would not be working as English teacher any more as there would be far less demand for trained English teachers.) 如果学英语真像这些广告所说的那么轻松，我恐怕得另谋出路了，因为不需要那么多合格的英语教师了。But a large number of people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear. 但是肯定有许多人相信这些可笑的噱头，不然的话这些广告也不可能出现。 【2】It is natural for students to be attracted to methods that will teach them as quickly and efficiently and cheaply as possible, but it is difficult for anyone to explain in simple language why one method is better than another, and it is no use pretending that anyone has discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation. 学生们喜欢实惠的速成学习方法也在情理之中，但要用浅显易懂的语言去解释为什么某一方法比另一方法更有效并不是一件简单的事，而且也无需装模作样地声称有什么人已经找到了一个万能的适合所有学习环境的教学方法。Some experts even argue that there are as many good methods of teaching a language as there are good teachers, because every teacher is an individual with his own personality. 一些专家甚至认为，有多少个好老师就有多少种好的教学方法，因为每一个老师都有其自身的特点。No doubt this is true to a certain extant, but it is not very helpful to students. 这种说法无疑是有几分道理的，但对学生来说不是很有帮助。 【3】For a long time people believe that the only way to learn a language was to spend a great deals of time in a country where it was spoken. 有很长一段时间，人们认为要学好一门语言，只有去使用那种语言的国家呆上一段时间。Of course it is clear that students who go to England, America, or Australia to learn English have a great advantage over others, but a large number of students cannot afford to do so. 当然去英国、美国或者澳大利亚等国家学英语的学生肯定比那些不能去的学生有很大优势，但是很多学生支付不起那笔费用。Some students go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language and vice versa, (It is not correct to think that each English word has a corresponding word which is exactly the same in meaning and usage as in another language, or the other way round), and it is impossible for any translation method to provide students with the natural forms of a language in speech, let alone produce good pronunciation and intonation. 有些学生走向另一极端：他们认为可以借助词典在家自学。如果你认为英语中的每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等的词，或者反之亦然，那就错了。通过翻译法来给学生讲解口语的自然形式是不可能的，更不要说做到语音、语调地道了。 【4】 A great deal of teaching is still based on behaviourist psychology. 现在大量的教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。Behaviourists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making them do exercises where they continually have to change one word in a sentence. 行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语，不断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. 假如我们是鹦鹉或黑猩猩，那这些方法或许能奏效。A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we arent, because it would make it easier to use their methods. 可惜我们不是鹦鹉或者猩猩，这似乎让很多理论家引以为憾，否则他们提出的那些方法用起来就会容易多了。 【5】 In my opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested init. 我个人认为，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。Human beings, unlike parrots or chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noise mean and can relate them to their lives. 与鹦鹉或黑猩猩不同，人类不会无缘无故地发出噪音，除非他们明白这些声音是什么意思，并且能将其与自己的生活联系起来。It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication.值得牢记的是：语言是一种交际手段。What people want to say and write in another language is probably very similar to what they want to say and write in their own.人们在母语中怎么说怎么写，用另一种语言表达时也大同小异。What they listen to and read cannot be a formula. (What people listen to and read in a language are not just a few sets of fixed expressions.) 人们所听所读的不应该是程式化的东西。It must be real. 听的读的材料必须真实自然。 【6】 There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. 还有一个相关的问题值得一提：We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. 在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。If what we are learning is strange to us, it will be helpful if there are other students around us who can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life in real language. 在学习较生疏的内容时，如果有其他学生和我们一起学习来练习那些陌生的语言形式，并用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。Words and Expressionspersonal a. no comp. concerning, belonging to, or for the use of a particular person; private 无比较级 个人的；私人的advertisement n. 广告claim v. declare to be true; state, esp. in the face of opposition; maintain（尤指面对反对意见）断言；声称；主张 n. a statement that sth. Is true or real, esp. one that other people may disagree withaccording to: as stated or shown by 根据所说（或所表示）on ones part: of or by sb. 在某人方面；就某人而言fluently ad.fluent a. (in) 常与in连用 （说话、写作及演奏乐器等）熟练的，流畅的reference n. C; U 谈到，提及qualified a. 有资格的，能胜任的ridiculous a. derog 贬义 可笑的；荒谬的or else: otherwise; if not 否则；不然的话natural a. 自然的，天然的；非人力所为的efficiently ad.efficient a. 效率高的its no use doing sth. : there is no point in doing sth. 做是没用处的，无益的argue v. 争辩，争论，争吵individual n. 个人，个体personality n. C; U 个性；人格；性格；品格no doubt : almost certainly, very probably 多半；很可能；必定extent n. 程度；限度to an / some / what / a certain/ such as / extent: to the degree specified 在某个/某种/什么/一定/这样的程度上helpful a. (to, in) 常与to或in连用 提供（或乐于）帮助的；有用的advantage n. 有利条件，优势have an advantage (over): have a condition or circumstance that gives one superiority (esp. when competing with others)（对而言）具有优势extreme n. 极限；极端go to extremes: act too violently or behave in an extreme way 走极端assume vt. believe (sth.) to be true without actually having proof that it is; suppose 假定，假设precise a. exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc. 精确的；准确的equivalent n. 对等词；等同物vice versa Lat 拉丁 反过来（也是这样），反之亦然translation n. 翻译；翻译作品；转化provide (sb.) with: supply sb. with sth. 为提供，供给let alone:（用于表示接着提到的事情）更不用说，更谈不上intonation n. esp. tech 语调，音调base v. & n. usu. pass. 一般用被动语态 把基地设在，以为基地（或基础）；底部，底座，根基，基础base sth. on / upon sth.: 以为基础；以为根据behaviorist n. 行为主义者be fond of doing sth. : like sth., esp. sth. one has liked for a long time 喜欢做某事psychology n. U 心理学continually ad. 连续不断地；反复不断地 continual a.parrot n. 鹦鹉chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩theorist n. 理论家in ones opinion: it is ones view or feeling that 在看来unlike prep. 不像，和不同relate v. fml show or establish a connection between 【正式】有关联；把联系起来relate sth. to sth. else: show or establish a connection between one thing and another 将与联系起来be worth (doing) sth.: deserve (doing) sth. 值得（做）某事means n. 方法，手段communication n. 交往，交际；通讯；联络be similar to : be like (sb. or sth.) but not exactly the same 和近似，类似，相似formula n. 【术语】公式；方程式relevant a. directly connected with the subject 有关的，有关主题的Will Pidcroft 威尔.皮德克罗夫特William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚Charles Dickens 查尔斯.狄更斯Related InformationThis text is taken from Incentive Themes by W S. Fowler, J. Pidcook, & L. R. Rycroft. Nelson. Australia. 1980.William Shakespeare (1564-1616): English playwright and poet, regarded as the worlds most popular playwright for more than 350 years. His plays are watched by vast audiences on the stage, in the movies, and on television. People everywhere in the world enjoy reading both his plays and his sonnets. Some of Shakespeares representative works are: Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet and Othello.Charles Dickens (1812-1870): the greatest realistic writer in Britain, ranked as one of the most popular writers in the history of world literature. Some of his representative works include: A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, and David Coppetfield.behaviorist psychology: a movement in psychology that advocates the use of strict experimental procedures to study observable behaviour (or responses) in relation to the environment (or sti