自卸汽车外文翻译.docx

外文资料翻译Dump TruckDump Truck mainly refers to the delivery of goods unloaded the car and there is dumping the car, also known as Dump Trucks. Dump Truck is characterized by its compartment can be tilted a certain angle, so that unloading the goods inside. Tilting train is a Dump Truck engine power, through the dumping of bodies to complete. Dump Truck from the early 20th century there has been continuous development and perfection, has become the main vehicle of transport of goods. Dump Truck unloading a high degree of mobility and mechanization a bit, usually with shovel loaders, excavators, or belt conveyors and other ancillary use to achieve loading and unloading mechanization, which can greatly shorten the handling time and improve transport efficiency and save labor, reduce labor strength. As the car manufacturing industry, Dump Truck continued introduction of new materials, new technology, improve the quality of the utilization factor, with great speed range and high transmission efficiency, control and manipulation of better and more convenient. First, the status of technology development at home and abroad 1. Humanization Further improve vehicle safety, vehicle safety, including performance, braking performance is further enhanced convenience and driver control, comfort is the car at home and abroad reflect the requirements of human development, which is reflected in the body, chassis and other aspects . 1. Suspension System Foreign high-end Dump Truck, such as SCANIA, VOLVO, etc., air suspension with automatic adjustment, and basic domestic or leaf spring, a better use of the rubber suspension. 1. Transmission System Main Foreign is automatic transmission. China mainly with manual gearbox, there are some manufacturers began to try to configure the chassis automatic transmission. 1. Braking Systems Electric control system mainly foreign (ECBS) and air disc brakes and ABS electronic control system installed. China mainly uses drum brakes, ABS, electronic brake system installed in the smaller, but also began developing the disc brake manufacturers.(4)Body Systems Dump Truck body of domestic comfort than the gap in Europe is still a great car. But high-end cab, driving and ride comfort has been greatly improved than before.2. Specialization Exclusive of foreign Dump Truck classification is increasingly apparent. In addition to general engineering of Dump Truck, but also according to the needs and purposes century, the development of a dedicated is Dump Truck. (1)Road salt cleaning truck Of snow, snow days will be transported to the road salt, snow on the road sweeping, snow spraying of salt. (2) Class of fluid transport truck pollution Achieve pollution class fluid collection, transportation and dumping, can better protect the vehicle chassis, suitable for road paving and construction of the gravel material transport. China Dump Truck of professional classification is not very clear that the Dump Truck currently mainly used in construction, mining, coal transportation, and its degree of specialization than the foreign classification there a larger gap. 3. Structure Optimization European high-strength steel materials often used Dump Truck or a U-shaped carriage frame structure, the advantages are: light weight, great load, more payload can be loaded indirectly increase the loading efficiency; reduce fuel consumption, low center of gravity, good stability , lifting more goods at the time the play, easy to discharge; integral bearing, no or only a few ribs, a small amount of welding; more modern design, the outer surface of a large flat, easy to paste advertisements, or other patterns. Europe is very special car made extensive use of plastic toolbox fender cover. Plastic material has certain of toughness, resistance to low temperature and impact resistance, easy to rattle, and light weight, attractive appearance, lightweight is process in playing an important role. There are also a part of the manufacturers of high technical level, through changes in the structure reduces weight and do not reduce the cars performance, the main frame is the use of the car structure. For cost and processing considerations, the domestic truck still ordinary steel, steel plate as the main material. 4. Environmental protection As the worlds growing environmental protection, national environmental protection requirements on the vehicles are more stringent. Dump Truck load of goods sealing requirements increasing. Automotive engine technology represents a countrys industrial level. Developed countries in Europe to Euro V vehicle emissions standards, and requirements of the domestic truck is currently the country standard, domestic and foreign well as very large gap, and reduce vehicle emissions of key technologies are only few the hands of countries, China still has great technical follow up and development process. Further enhance the environmental protection requirements, sealing requirements of the Dump Truck also mentioned the agenda, both at home and abroad using a variety of methods to prevent the Dump Trucks cargo spilled. Dump Truck in the professional classification abroad also help protect the environment, such as pollution category of fluid transport development and use of Dump Truck, but most major blessing Oh compartment sealed by a Dump Trucks way. Dump Truck of the closures are mainly two: one for soft tarpaulin cover and a metal hard cover. Therefore, foreign vehicles generally do not overload, the basic goods does not exceed the car along. The Dump Truck is the domestic have both, the majority of urban environmental requirements of the high metal cover, seal better, but the cost is high; environmental requirements of the majority of the lower soft cover, seal less, but the cost is low. Second, the main structure and function Dump Truck chassis and coat by the two major components, two types of chassis they use a stereotypical car chassis. Dump Truck as a shorter wheelbase than the average, the prices require higher strength and stiffness, so characteristic for the Dump Truck, Dump Truck chassis are often designed to be specific. Tipper tops, including cars, subframe, hydraulic lift dump bodies, electrical are systems. Dump Truck lifting mechanism is the core of the Dump Truck judge the merits of the primary indicators. Lifting mechanism of the type currently common are: F-type lifting mechanism to enlarge tripod, T-style tripod zoom lifting mechanism, lift cylinder, front roof lift and double roll. Dump Truck engine, chassis and cab of the truck are the same structure and general. Points after Dump Truck of the car to rollover and side tipping two, by manipulating the system control rod movement, the more common after the tipping, tipping push rod to make car, a small number of two-way is tipping. Distribution of high-pressure oil through the valve, tubing into the lift cylinder, front-end with the cab car is safety board. The engine through the transmission, PTO driven hydraulic pump unit, hydraulic tipping body compartments from the fuel tank, hydraulic pumps, distribution valves, lifting hydraulic cylinders, control valves and tubing and other components. Hydraulic tipping body is compartments from the fuel tank, hydraulic pumps, distribution valves, lifting hydraulic cylinders, control valves and tubing and other components. The engine through the transmission, PTO driven hydraulic pump unit, distribution valves for high pressure oil through the tubing into the lifting cylinder, push rod to make car rollover. More common after the rollover, by manipulating the system control rod movement, can stop the train tilted in any desired position. Compartments use of their owner gravity and hydraulic control reset. Tripod enlarge Lifting Mechanism is currently the most widely used way of lifting for 8 to 40 tons of load compartment length of 4.4 to 6 meters. Structural advantages of mature, stable lifting and low cost; drawback to the main frame on the floor inside is the closed height of the larger plane. Most of lift cylinder form of Dump Truck used in the 6X4 on the bridge in front of each side of the second installation of a multi-cylinder (generally 3 to 4), the hydraulic cylinder directly on the pivot point on the compartment floor. Twin advantages of lifting the main frame for the compartment floor and a high degree of closure on the smaller plane; disadvantage is that the hydraulic system is difficult to ensure synchronization of two hydraulic cylinders and held steady and poor students, the overall stiffness of the cars require a higher floor. Way before the top lift of simple structure, with the main frame on the floor inside the closed surface height can be very small, vehicle stability, low pressure hydraulic system, but the first big trip at the most-cylinder, high cost. Double roll force cylinders good, travel less, achieve double roll; but more complex hydraulic piping, give students a higher incidence of rollover accidents. Dump Truck with the development and improvement of domestic purchasing power, Dump Truck is not in the traditional sense of what life can be dry universal truck, from the design point of view but also according to different goods, different conditions, different is regions developed different products. This requires the user to purchase vehicles to the manufacturer for specific use. 1. Chassis In the choice of chassis, generally is based on economic benefits to consider, such as: the price of the chassis, loading quality, overload capacity, fuel consumption per hundred kilometers, road maintenance and so on. In addition, the user must also consider the chassis of the following parameters: Height of the chassis frame on the plane. General 6x4 chassis frame height of the upper surface of 1050 to 1200. The higher the number the greater the vehicle center of gravity, the more easily cause an overturn. The main factors affecting the value of the tire diameter, suspension layout and the main frame is cross-section height. Chassis rear overhang. The number of Dump Trucks moves through the General Assembly, growth stability, gives students a rollover accident caused. This value is generally between 500-1100 (except Dump Truck roll). Vehicle matching rational use and reliable. 1. Upload Currently converted Dump Truck manufacturers was mixed, select the Dump Truck manufacturers over the selection of choice products are equally important. In addition to looking products, but also understand the capabilities of equipment manufacturers, Dump Truck tops the design, technology and equipment is mature, service commitments, it can buy other accessories. Third, the lifting mechanism of choice: 1. Recommended to choose a tripod for general use zoom-type Dump Truck lifting mechanism, the structure in China has a 40-year history, technology is relatively mature, suitable for carriage 4 to 6 meters in length Dump Truck. 2. Reasonable arrangement, the parts Shouli Bu exceed the capacity of components, system hydraulic smaller, in order to ensure the seal life. 3. The choice of quality hydraulic cylinders. Lifting hydraulic cylinder is the power unit, try to choose a quality assurance products, such as: blue post card hydraulic cylinder, the manufacturers promised lifetime warranty. 4. Compartment of the truck longer than 6 meters generally used in multi-cylinder front-top lifting structure. 5. Cylinder lifting structure is generally used with a wheelbase of the truck 3 to 4 meters. Fourth, selection issues to the attention of 1. Transport large items must be selected inside the bucket. 2. Car is longer than 5.4 meters to pay special attention when the cars center of gravity and lifting stability. 3. Can not be transported by special vehicles to transport coal earth. Private car coal train general height of 1.6 1.9 m, length how the design of these vehicles is based on light goods (weight less than 1.2) to consider, for transporting earth and stone lifting may have poor stability, which seriously may lead to lifting a rollover accident. 4. Do not use the bucket car transporting silt, clay and other sticky goods, the structure of the bucket carriage of goods more difficult to remove the sticky. 5. Transport iron ore in the Dump Truck manufacturers to keep up when the statement selection, selection of the best choice for iron ore carrier. 6. For the transportation of asphalt paving, the lifting mechanism requires slow down device. Fifth, use and maintenance of Dump Truck How several common errors: 1. Engine running, take power in the on, lift the handle in the lift and Meng lift the clutch. Since leaving the sudden engagement PTO, oil pump and oil pump drive shaft causes a lot of impact load, could easily lead to early damage (usually occurred as the oil pump drive shaft damage.) High-speed operation in the engine compartment fully loaded, cold winter with high viscosity hydraulic oil under even more prominent.2. In the middle of a sudden the elevator full of lifting the handle into the down position, when the car was not touched down, but suddenly rushed down, this will bring great impact frame, and even accidents. Although the single-acting hydraulic cylinder piston set a throttling device to ensure that the decline in the car before the end of the throttling effect have landed on the car speed is automatically slowed down, but the cars full effect has been obvious, therefore, should try to avoid these operations, If special circumstances must also be careful, try to slow down the landing speed, do not suddenly have to avoid the car off in the end. 3. Xiewan goods, do not forget to disengage the power take off, or disengage the power take off will be driving, so the car is moving, due to take power in the engagement position, the lift pump in the small cycles state No load speed for a long time operation. The so-called small cycles when running the oil pump oil pump hydraulic oil only in the high and low voltage circuit between the loop. In this case the hydraulic oil temperature rises quickly, easily lead to damage to pump seals, or even pump burned phenomenon; Also in the high-speed driving, the oil pump drive shaft will also result in high centrifugal force early damage. More seriously, the operation means that the hydraulic pump system has a power source, the driving process will occur for various reasons, the rising car auto accident. Therefore, in the unloaded vehicle, you must promptly confirm the power take disengaged and then the vehicle has been disengaged. 4. By Meng mention car - brake suddenly unloading. Meng mentioned as the inertial force of a great car (usually the rated lifting force of 5 to 20 times), can easily cause permanent deformation of the frame, open frame car and pay for welding, burning or destruction of oil pump seal, hydraulic cylinders and other damage damage , reduces the life of the vehicle, serious rollover accidents also occur. Therefore, when lifting the general ban truck traffic. 5. Driving power take off in the ON position: If on state (red light), the pump will continue to rotate, there is power source of the hydraulic system, which would control valve because the gas control misoperation caused by cars on the auto-lifting; time distribution of air control valve even in the down position, the oil should enter the pump, it would pump burned out. 6. Moving to lift the handle placed in the stop position: At this point the hydraulic system in a closed state, the impact of the ground while driving through the lifting mechanism can be passed to cars , some connected parts are easily damaged. So when driving down the handles is put some down position. 7. In a great venue for cross slope of discharge: trunk askew when lifting, car flip axis may produce permanent deformation may occur more serious when it overturned. 8. Goods have not been fully discharged when the use of safety rod may result in accidents, the safety pole inspection and maintenance is only used for carriages. 自卸汽车自卸汽车是指以运送货物为主且有倾卸货厢的汽车，又称翻斗车。自卸汽车的特点是其车厢可以倾斜一定的角度，使车厢内的货物卸出。车厢的倾斜是以自卸汽车发动机的动力，通过倾卸机构来完成的。自卸汽车自20世纪初出现以来，不断发展，日趋完善，已成为当今货物运输的主要车辆之一。自卸汽车具有高度机动性和卸货机械化等有点，通常与铲式装载机、挖掘机或皮带运输机等配套使用，实现装卸机械化，从而可以大大缩短装卸时间，提高运输效率并可节省劳动力，减轻劳动强度。随着汽车制造业的发展，自卸汽车不断采用新材料、新工艺，提高其质量利用系数，具有较大的速度范围和较高的传动效率，控制与操纵更完善，更方便。一、 国内外技术发展现状1. 人性化进一步提高整车的安全性，包括车身安全性能、制动性能进一步提高，以及驾驶员操纵便利性、乘坐舒适性是目前国内外汽车发展人性化要求的体现，这表现在车身、底盘等各个方面。（1）悬架系统国外高档自卸汽车如SCANIA、VOLVO等，均采用自动调节的空气悬架，而国内基本还是钢板弹簧，比较好的采用的是橡胶悬架。（2）变速系统国外主要采用自动变速箱。国内主要还是采用手动变速箱，也有部分厂家开始试用自动变速箱来配置汽车底盘。（3）制动系统国外主要采用电控制系统(ECBS)与气压盘式制动器，并加装ABS等电子调节系统。国内主要还是采用鼓式制动，加装ABS等电子制动系统的较少，也有厂家开始开发盘式制动。（4）车身系统国内自卸汽车的车身舒适性较欧洲车的差距还是很大的。不过高档驾驶室，驾驶和乘坐舒适性较以前有了很大的提高。2.专用化国外自卸汽车的专用化分类越来越明显。除了普通的工程用自卸汽车外，还 根据世纪的需求和用途，开发了专用自卸汽车。（1）公路撒盐清扫自卸车下雪天将化雪盐运输至公路上，清扫道路上的积雪，洒布化雪盐。（2）污染类流体运输自卸车实现污染类流体的收集、运输和倾卸，可以更好地保护汽车底盘，适用于道路铺设及工程施工的沙石材料运输。国内自卸汽车的专业化分类不是很明显，目前国内的自卸汽车主要还是用于工程建设、矿山开采、煤炭运输等，其专业化分类程度较国外还有较大的差距。3.结构优化欧洲高强钢材料自卸车常选用U形或框架式车厢结构，其优点主要有：自重轻、载重大、能装载更多的有效载荷、间接提高了装载效率；降低油耗、重心低、稳定性好、举升时货物更易剧中、便于卸货；整体式承载，没有或只有很少的加强筋，焊接量小；外观设计较为现代化，外表面有大的平面，便于粘贴广告或其它图案。欧洲专用车上非常广泛地采用塑料制作的工具箱、挡泥罩。塑料材料具有一定的韧性、耐低温和抗冲击性能，不易脆裂，同时质量轻、造型美观，在轻量化的进程中发挥着重要的作用。国内也有一部分厂家技术水平较高，通过结构的变化降低自重，而且不降低车厢性能，主要是采用了框架式车厢结构。出于成本和加工工艺方面考虑，国内的自卸车仍然以普通钢材、钢板为主要材料。4.环保性随着整个世界对环境保护的日益加强，各国对车辆的环保性要求也越来越严格。自卸汽车装载货物的密封性要求也越来越受重视。汽车发动机技术代表了一个国家的工业水平。欧洲发达国家的汽车尾气排放达到欧V的标准，而国内卡车的要求目前是国标准，国内与国外还有非常大的差距，而且，降低汽车排放的关键技术只被为数不多的几个国家所掌握，中国还有很大的技术跟进及发展过程。环保要求的进一步提高，对自卸汽车的密封性要求也提到了日程，国内外均采用了多种方法来防止自卸汽车的货物撒落。国外自卸汽车的专业化分类也有利于保护环境，如污染类流体运输自卸车的开发和使用，但大多数福哦家主要采用了自卸汽车车厢加盖的方式。自卸汽车的密封盖主要有两种：一种为篷布软盖，一种为金属硬盖。因此，国外的车辆使用一般不超载，货物基本不超出车厢的上沿。而国内的自卸汽车则两种都有，城市环保要求高的多数采用金属盖，密封性较好，但成本高；环保要求较低的多数采用软盖，密封性差一些，但成本低。二、 主要结构及功能自卸汽车由汽车底盘和上装两大部分组成，底盘大多采用定型汽车二类底