牛津英语模块六Unit3 Grammar and usage.ppt

Unit3 Unit3Understandingeachother Unrealconditionals虚拟语气中的非真实条件句 Grammarandusage 虚拟语气可用于条件句和其它一些从句中 虚拟语气用于条件句中比较多 情况也比较复杂 所以要特别加以注意 首先要判断一下是否应该用虚拟语气 因为条件句分为两种 一种是真实条件句 一种是非真实条件句 只有在非真实条件句中才用虚拟语气 在真实条件句中 要用陈述语气 虚拟语气的介绍 Observethefollowingsentencesandtellwhethertheyarerealorunrealconditionalclauses Ifwegoonpollutingtheworld itwon tbefitforustolivein Ifyouarebusydoingyourhomework Iwon tinterruptyou Ifyouhavefinishedcleaningtheclassroom youcangohomenow Undertheseconditions thethingsaresuretohappen Iftherewerealotofgoodrestaurantsinthecity thiswouldmakeitmoreattractive Therearen tmanygoodrestaurantnow IfalotofpeoplespokeEnglish itwouldbeveryhelpfulfortourists NotmanypeoplecanspeakEnglishnow 非真实条件句的时态表达 如果假设的情况完全不存在或者实现的可能性很小 可以说几乎没有时 就需要用虚拟语气来表达 也就是说 这时的条件句是非真实的条件句 此时的句子时态比真实条件句中的时态后退一步 虚拟语气 条件从句和主句中的虚拟语气 主语 should would could might 动词原形 主语 should would could might have 过去分词 主语 should would could might 动词原形 注意 在ifI he she it之后 可用were代替was 两者在意义上没有区别 但是were更为正式 特别是在陈述心存怀疑的事情时 如 Ifshewereready wewouldgo 在与将来事实相反的条件从句中 我们可以用wereto或should do来表示 如 IfIweretofailmyEnglishtest Iwouldhavetotakeitagainattheendoftheterm Ifheshouldcometomorrow Iwouldtalktohimaboutit 在非真实条件句中 如果有were had should 我们可以将if省略 把这些词置于句首 采用倒装形式 如 IfIshouldmeether Iwouldtellher ShouldImeether Iwouldtellher 虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装 IfIwereinyourposition Iwoulddoitbetter WereIinyourposition Iwoulddoitbetter Iftheyhadmadepreparations theywouldhavesucceeded Hadtheymadepreparations theywouldhavesucceeded 有时非真实条件句中 主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作并不同时发生 这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述表格来进行 而需要按照各自的时间来调整 这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句 错综时间条件句 e g Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor sadvice thenyouwouldbeallrightnow IfIhadn tfinishedmycompositionbynow Iwouldbeworkingonittomorrow Ifshehadpreparedwellforherlessonsyesterday shewouldn thavesomanydifficultiesnow 有时一个假设的情况并不用条件从句表示 而用其它方式来表示 这样的句子叫含蓄条件句 用with without等介词短语或分词短语或者独立主格结构来代替条件从句 含蓄条件句 e g Wemighthavediedwithoutyourhelp Wemighthavediedifyouhadn thelpedus Havingknownintime wecouldhavestoppedit Ifwehadknownintime wecouldstoppedit 在条件从句中除最常见的连词之外 尚有下列连词 otherwise incase butthat onconditionthat unless suppose supposing that solongas provided providing that 2 用相当于if的其他连词表示虚拟结构 e g Iwasbusylastweek otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou Butthatyouhadofferedhelp theycouldn thavefinishedtheirworkontime e g Iwouldhavegivenyoumoremoney butIwaspoorthen Iwouldhavecalledyou butIforgotyourtelephonenumber 3 通过上下文来虚拟 固定句式的虚拟语气should 动词原形 should可以省略 demand suggest advise propose insist order request desire urge deserve recommend intend等词后所跟的宾语从句中 It be suggested demanded that引导的主语从句 suggestion proposal引导的同位语从句 Itis important necessary that从句 forfearthat 惟恐 引导的从句中须用should 动词原形 固定句式的虚拟语气 从句中用过去式 从句中 如果表示与现在事实相反 谓语动词用过去式 如果表示与过去事实相反 谓语动词用过去完成式 asif asthough wish wouldrather ifonlyIt shigh about time 从句时 从句谓语动词只能用过去式 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 attended went would mightbe would mightsee would couldbe did hadtravelled wouldhavetotake wouldnothaveneeded travelled YeFeiasksMaLiforhelponhishomework Fillineachblankwiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets Mygrandpa sifsHadbeenHad gotHad had if hadhadWould havebeen MaLiisthinkingabouthergrandfatherandiswritingabouthiminhernotebook Helphercompletethesentences forthefreetickets Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften A IfitisnotB WereitnotC HaditnotbeenD Iftheywerenot Practice 2 Hecamelate otherwisehe thefirstbus A caughtB wouldcatchC wouldhavecaughtD hadcaught3 Marywasgoingtotheweddingifherfriend her A hadn tcalledonB didn tcallatC didn tcallonD hadn tcalledat 4 Let sstopwatchingtheboringTVprogramme Jack Ifyoudon twatchit I either A don tB won tC amnotD stop 5 ShallItellJohnaboutthebadnews No you Ithinkthatwillmakehimsad A needn tB wouldn tC shouldn tD mustn t 6 Whydidyouthrowthebottleoutofthewindow You somebody A mighthurtB couldhavehurtC wouldhurtD musthavehurt7 Mum mayIgotoutandplay No you A won tB don tC aren tabletoD can t 8 FromwhatIhearabouttheirhotelandtheweather they theirholidayverymuch A wouldhaveenjoyedB shouldn thaveenjoyedC needn thaveenjoyedD can thaveenjoyed 9 Didyouhearmecomeinlastnight No I asleep A can tbeB mustbeC musthavebeenD couldn thavebeen 10 I llpayyoubychequemonthly I dratheryou mecashweekly A payB willpayC aretopayD paid 11 Theydidn twanttocomewithusatfirst Butthenwe persuadethem A hadmanagedtoB wereabletoC didtrytoD wouldhaveto 12 Thedoctorsaid Sir you besittinginthiswaitingroom It sforthechildrenonly A oughtn ttoB can tC mustn tD won t 13 DidWeiHuahavebreakfastbeforegoingtoschoolyesterday No butIthinkhe have A willB mayC shouldD must 14 Iwouldhaveinformedherifpossible butI sobusy A wereB hadbeenC wasD wouldbe 15 NoonewaspreparedforMr Hill squestions Iguesswe thele