上海英语4A期末复习资料.doc

4A期末复习资料班级： 姓名： 学号:_一、名词名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。（一）、 不可数名词没有复数。用/ 表示。milk water juice soup fruit food chocolate coke hair hay grass corn grass rubbish jam tea bread toast butter sugar coffee flour fish(鱼肉) chicken (鸡肉)（二）、 可数名词的变复数：1.一般情况 +s : 如 bookbooks boy boys monkey monkeys 2. 以s. x. sh. ch. 和部分o结尾的单词 +es如：busbuses; boxboxes; foxfoxes; dishdishes; waitresswaitresses; matchmatches; watch-watches; brushbrushes; sandwichsandwiches; branchbranches; glassglasses; class- classes; potato potatoes ; ( photo- photos)3. 以f或fe结尾的单词，把f或fe变成ves如: knifeknives; leafleaves; scarfscarves; loafloaves 4. 以辅音加y结尾的单词，把y变成ies如：librarylibraries; familyfamilies; flyflies; butterflybutterflies; strawberrystrawberries; ladyladies ; aviaryaviaries5. 特殊形式如：sheepsheep; peoplepeople; fish（鱼）fish; manmen; firemanfiremen; postmanpostmen; policemanpolicemen; ambulance manambulance men; footfeet; toothteeth; mousemice; thisthese; thatthose; I we; myour; meus; youyou; youryour; he/she/itthey; him/her/it-them; his/her/itstheir; 二、同音词：tooto/ two pairpear theretheir noknow arentaunt hearhere there-their wherewear seesea forfour writeright flowerflour I - eye whose-whos its-its buybyeby 三、近义词：largebig smalllittle see yougood-bye drawpaint gate- door beautiful nice policeman police officer fireman- firefighter so big- very big beside- next to many much a lot of lots of street road look at- see- watch三、反义词：hotcold roughsmooth largebigsmall shorttall/ long oldnew/young thin-fat thesethose this-that on-under happy-sad/angry coolwarm behind in front of hungry-full afraid-brave blunt-sharp hard-soft whiteblack come in go out far away fromnear 四、动词变名词：一般情况+er 如：teach-teacher sing-singer 以e结尾 + r 如：divediver drivedriver writewriter双写词尾+ er 如： runrunner swimswimmer 特殊： cookcook 五、an和 the的用法：元音发音开头的单词前面 用an an aviary an ambulance man an engine an arm an exercise book an elephant an apple an orange an eye an ear an old teacher an interview an aunt an uncle an office an ice cream an e-mailan ideathe表示特指固定搭配 有： the sun the moon the sky the star 六、be动词(am is are)的用法:我用am, 你用are，is 用在他她它，单数用is，不可数名词用is，复数要用are。七、to have（have, has）的用法：第一人称I , we 第二人称you 和第三人称复数用have第三人称单数用has 八、人称代词：主格宾格所有格（物主代词）第一人称单数I memy第一人称复数weusour第二人称单数youyouyour第二人称复数youyouyour第三人称单数hehimhisshe herherititits第三人称复数theythemtheir七、改写句子的方法（一.）改一般疑问句1.找be动词（am, is, are,） have, has, can.如果有这些单词,把它们提到句子开头,大小写互换，句号改为问号。第一人称I/we变you my/our变your me/us变you。碰到some改为any。2.如果没有这些单词,在句子开头添加助动词Do或Does ，句子中动词是原型的，用助动词Do； 动词是第三人称单数形式的，用助动词Does, 且动词变原形。句号改为问号。第一人称I/we变you my/our变your me/us变you。碰到some改为any。二.改否定句1. 找be动词（am, is, are,） have, has, can.在它们后面加not . 遇到some改为any。（am not不能缩写 is not缩写isnt are not 缩写arent have not缩写havent can not 缩写cant ）2. 如果没有这些单词,在动词前面加助动词的否定形式dont 或doesnt, 句子中动词是原型的，动词前加dont ； 动词是第三人称单数形式的，动词前加doesnt 且动词恢复原形。遇到some改为any。3.祈使句改否定句,在动词前面加Dont. 遇到some改为any。三.改特殊疑问句(对划线部分提问)1.划线部分用特殊疑问词代替： what where who whose what colour what shape 什么 地点 谁 谁的 什么颜色 什么形状 how much how old how how many（+可数名词复数）（多少）价钱 年龄 感觉怎样 多少（数量）how much (+不可数名词)多少（数量）2.特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（去掉划线部分.如果划的是动词,要用do（doing）来代替.）3.some变any, 第一人称变为第二人称。（I/weyou my/ouryour me/usyou）4. 注： How many+可数名词复数 + are there ？ How much +不可数