动词不定式用法与专项练习.doc

可编辑修改 动词动词不定式不定式 to do 高二高二 2016 2 动词不定式由 to 动词原形 组成 是动词的一种非谓语形式 动词不定式在句中 可充当主主语语 表 表语语 宾语宾语 定 定语语 状 状语语 宾补宾补 主 主补补 1 动词动词不定式在句中的不定式在句中的语语法功能 法功能 1 动词动词不定式 短不定式 短语语 作主 作主语语 To love is to be loved 爱别人就是被人爱 To teach is to give 教书就是奉献 to do 和和 v ing 作主作主语时语时的区的区别别 Smoking is a bad habit v ing 作主语表示习惯性动作 To stay home on such a cold night is comfortable 动词不定式作主语表示偶然性或一次 性的动作 不定式作主不定式作主语语和目的状和目的状语时语时的区区别别 例如 To get up early does good to one s health 早起对身体有好处 作主语 To get up early one must go to bed early 为了早起 必须早睡 作目的状语 2 动词动词不定式 短不定式 短语语 作 作宾语宾语 I will leave it to you to make the final decision 我将由你来做最后的决定 it 作形式宾语 She decided to quit her job at last 最后 她决定辞职 疑疑问词问词 动词动词不定式短不定式短语语 作作宾语宾语 I don t know what to do 我不知道该怎么办 The children are learning how to play the game 孩子们在学做游戏 例如 NMET2000 I ve worked with children before so I know what in my new job A expected B to expect C to be expecting D expects 答案 B what to expect 在句中作 know 的宾语 而 what 作不定式 to expect 的逻辑宾语 四川 09 He told us whether a picnic was still under discussion A to have B having C have D had 答案 A 又如 It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows A it what to do with B what to do it with C what to do with it D to do what with it 答案是 C what to do with it 作 knows 的宾语 注意注意 有些有些动词动词后面必后面必须须跟跟动动名名词词作作宾语宾语 平 平时时要注意区要注意区别别 进进行区分 行区分 forget remember try regret mean stop 等等动词动词后既可跟不定式又可跟后既可跟不定式又可跟动动名名词词 须根 据其习惯用法和语境进行取舍 例如 MET91 The light in the office is still on Oh I forgot A turning it off B turn it off C to turn it off D having turned it off 答案是 C forget to do 意为 忘了做 某事 forget doing 忘了做过 某事 remember 有类似的区别 类似的还有 try to do 尽力做 try doing 试着做 regret to say tell 很遗 憾地说 regret doing 后悔做了 mean to do 意欲 想要做 mean doing 意味着做 stop to do 停下来做另外的事情 stop doing 停止正在做的事情 3 动词动词不定式 短不定式 短语语 作表 作表语语 The most important thing for the United States to do now is to rescue the wounded 2 现在 对美国来说 最重要的是抢救伤员 注意 注意 在 形容形容词词 不定式不定式 结构作表作表语语 宾补宾补和定定语语时 其中形容形容词词多为表示性质的 词 如 easy hard good difficult interesting 等 常常是主主动动式表被式表被动动 例如 These apples are good to eat 这些苹果很好吃 作表作表语语 I find it difficult to understand 我发现这很难懂 作作宾补宾补 He is a man easy to get on with 他是一个容易相处的人 作定作定语语 The box is light enough to carry 这盒子轻得可带走 作表作表语语 The future is hard to tell 未来很难预测 作表作表语语 注意注意 All you have to do is to finish the job quickly 如果主如果主语语部分有个表示不定式内容部分有个表示不定式内容 的的 do 用作表用作表语语的不定式可省略的不定式可省略 to 又如 又如 We had nothing to do but watch TV yesterday 答案 watch We did nothing but watch TV yesterday 答案 watch 4 动词动词不定式 短不定式 短语语 作 作宾语补宾语补足足语语 She asked me to stay here She encouraged me to work hard We d love you to give us a hand 我们想让你帮个忙 注意 注意 1 在一些在一些动词动词后 用作后 用作宾语补语宾语补语的的动词动词不定式符号不定式符号 to 要省略掉 要省略掉 这类动词包括感官动词 以及使役动词 如 feel spot look at listen to observe see hear watch notice have make let get 等 但如果句子但如果句子为为被被动语态动语态 动词动词不定式 短不定式 短语语 为为主主补时补时 要 要带带 to I had John fix my bike 我让约翰修理我的自行车 They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree Paul doesn t have to be made He always works hard 答案 B A learn B to learn C learned D learning 辨析 I heard her sing a song in the next room yesterday 强调听歌的整个过程 She was heard to sing a song in the next room yesterday I heard her sinning a song when I passed by 强调动作正在发生 She was heard singing a song when I passed by see hear notice 等的宾语后还可跟现在分词作补语 变成被动语态时仍保留分词的形 式 表示正在发生的动作 例如 The missing boys were last seen near the river 答案 A A playing B to be playing C play D to play 5 动词动词不定式 短不定式 短语语 作定 作定语语 动词动词不定式 短不定式 短语语 作定 作定语语需后置需后置 动词动词不定式作定不定式作定语语与分与分词词作定作定语语的区的区别别 过去分词表示动作已经完成 现在分词表示动作正在发生当中 而不定式则表示将要 发生的动作或状态 辨析辨析 The meeting held is important 表示表示动动作已作已经经完成完成 The meeting being held is important 表示表示动动作正在作正在进进行当中行当中 The meeting to be held is important 表示表示动动作将要作将要发发生生 可编辑修改 注意 注意 1 当被修当被修饰饰的是不定代的是不定代词词如如 everything anything much little 等等 或被修或被修饰饰的名的名词词前被形前被形 容容词词最高最高级级 序数序数词词 the only 等等强调结强调结构修构修饰时饰时 非非谓语动词谓语动词作定作定语则语则用用动词动词不定式 不定式 Do you have anything to say 你有什么要说的吗 I am afraid I cannot attend your party for I have too many things to do He is the only person to know the truth 他是唯一了解真相的人 When the question was out he was the first one to raise his hand 他第一个举起手 He was the last to realize the importance of this problem 2 如被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语 且且动词动词不定式的不定式的动词动词是不及物是不及物动词动词 则则后面需跟成后面需跟成为为搭配的介搭配的介词词 Who is the man to talk to 要谈话的人是谁 He is a tough teacher to deal with 他是个很难对付的老师 I need a pen to write with 我需要一支笔写字 例如 To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule 上海高考题 98 A to never break B never to be broken C never to have broken D never to be breaking 答案是 B 在句中作定语 由于 a rule 是不定式的逻辑宾语 所以不定式用了被动结构 又如 There are five pairs but I m at a loss which to buy 上海高考题 99 A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing 答案是 B 这是 不定式 介词 作定语 题意是 从五双中选一双 故须在 choose 后加 上介词 from 类似的如 a chair to sit in a pen to write with a topic to talk about 等 6 动词动词不定式 短不定式 短语语 作状 作状语语 动词不定式 短语 作状语可以表示目的 结果 原因等 目的状目的状语语 The whole family came out to see my performance 全家人出来看我表演 He called to say goodbye 他打电话来道别 结结果状果状语语 We rushed to the railway station only to find 表示出乎意料表示出乎意料 the train had just left 我们匆匆赶到火车站 结果发现火车刚刚离开了 He studied hard only to fail 他学习很努力 但却没及格 She went to South China five years ago never to return 她五年前去了华南 结果从未返回 注意 注意 doing 也可以作也可以作结结果状果状语语 但表示自然而然的 但表示自然而然的结结果 果 His parents were killed in the accident making him an orphan They all left leaving me alone 原因状原因状语语 动词不定式 短语 常跟在一些形容词后面 说明产生这些情绪的原因 这类形容词有 happy ashamed surprised grieved frightened sorry glad delighted eager disappointed right excited ready clever bored 等 I am sorry to interrupt you The father was surprised to learn that his son spent money like water 4 得知儿子花钱如流水 父亲感到很吃惊 We will be very happy to work on this project with you 和您一起合作这个项目 我们感到很高兴 7 动词动词不定式 短不定式 短语语 作独立成分 作独立成分 动词不定式 短语 可以用来作句子的独立成分 这些短语有 to begin with 首先 to tell the truth truth to tell 说实在的 to make a long story short 长话短说 so to speak 可以 这么说 to be brief 简言之 to be exact 确切地说 to be frank 坦率地说 to do sb justice 说句公道话 to conclude 总而言之 等 To begin with I d like to introduce myself to you all 首先 我想给你们作一下自我介绍 To be frank with you I don t love you any more 老实对你说吧 我已经不再爱你了 To conclude energy is exhaustible so we have to preserve it for our future generations 总而言之 能量并不是用之不竭的 因此我们必须为后代保留一些 2 动词动词不定式中原形不定式中原形动词动词的省略的省略 为避免重复 有时可用不定式的符号 to 来代表动词不定式 Would you like to have some coffee 您要来点咖啡吗 Yes I d like to If you don t want to buy it you don t need to 假如你不想买的话 你就不要买 注意 可以这样省略主要动词的动词不定式结构有 hope to agree to be willing to want to refuse to fail to manage to would like to offer to 等 What s the matter with Della Well her parents wouldn t allow her to go to the party but she still 江苏 09 A hopes to B hopes so C hopes not D hopes for 答案 A 一般而言 在否定结构中 to 必须保留 例如 NMET95 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him A not to B not to do C not do it D do not to 答案 A 3 动词动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式 not 必必须须置于整个不定式置于整个不定式结结构之前构之前 We decided not to go there 我们决定不去那儿了 I wished never to see him again 我希望永不再见到她 4 动词动词不定式的不定式的时态时态和和语态语态 时态时态 动词不定式的一般式 to do 表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生或将在其后发 生的 They are learning to sing and dance 他们在学习歌舞 We have to get some money to buy a TV set 我们得赚些钱来买台电视机 动词不定式的进行式 to be doing 表示的动作是与谓语动词的动作同时发生的 而 且正在进行中 该结构也常与 always constantly rapidly fast slowly 等副词连用 The weather seems to be improving 天气似乎在好转 Come on it s time to be making for 前往 走向 school 好了 是上学的时候了 He pretended to be reading when the teacher came in 动词不定式的完成式 to have done 表示的动作发生在谓语的动作之前 不定式的完 可编辑修改 成式常用在 be said be reported be considered appear hope pretend seem 等以及某些情 态动词后 表示对过去事情的推断或虚拟假设 例如 NMET97 I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report A to go B to have gone C going D having gone 答案是 B 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟愿望 He was said to have studied abroad for years 据说他已经在外国留学多年了 I am sorry to have kept you waiting 很抱歉让你久等了 He pretended not to have seen me when passing by yesterday 他昨天从我身边经过时假装没看到我 语态语态 不定式的被被动动式式 to be done 如 He asked to be sent to the front 他请求被派往前线 I wish to be excused 我请求原谅 This infectious disease is said to have been wiped out many years ago 这传染病据说好多年 前就已经灭绝了 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple but it remains whether they will enjoy it A to see B to be seen C seeing D seen 答案是 B 因为不定式的逻辑主语 it 指出国旅游这件事 与不定式是被动关系 Little Tom would love to the theatre this evening NMET 92 A to be taken B to take C being taken D taking 答案 A It s important for the figures regularly 北京 2011 A to be updated B to have been updated C to update D to have updated 答案 A He claimed 声称 in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday A being badly treated B treating badly C to be treated badly D to have been badly treated 根据题意 该用不定式的完成被动式 表动作发生在 claimed 之前 故答案是 D 值值得注意的是 在下列得注意的是 在下列场场合通常合通常用不定式的主用不定式的主动动式表被式表被动动意意义义 主语 be 形容词 动词不定式 当作表语的某些形容词被动词不定式修饰时 动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上 的动宾关系 动词不定式可以用主动式代替被动式 阅 P1 This problem is difficult to solve 这个问题很难解决 there be 句型中 动词不定式用主动式来表示被动的含义 There are a lot of people for me to visit There is no time to lose 没有时间可以耽误 have 宾语 动词不定式 作定语 结构中 当 have 表示 有 而动词不定式与宾语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系 并且句子的主语 是动词不定式动作的执行者时 动词不定式一般用主动式 I have a lot of meetings to attend this week 本周我有许多会议要参加 在 too to enough to 结构中 动词不定式总是用主动语态 This problem is too easy to deal with 这个问题处理起来很简单 This problem is easy enough to deal with 这个问题处理起来很简单 6 巩固巩固练习练习 1 He is said to to his country because a new president comes into power A be allowed to return B allow to return C allow returning D be allowed returning 2 He spoke in such a high voice at the further end of the room A as to be heard B to be heard C as to hear D to hear 3 Why was the official meeting called new officers A Select B Selecting C To select D To have select 4 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier it more difficult A not make B not to make C not making D don t make 5 To play fair is as important as A to play well B play well C we play well D playing well 6 Where should I send my form The Personnel Office is the place A for sending it B to send it to C to sent D to sent it 7 A computer does only what thinking people A have it do B have it done C have done it D having it done 8 The boy want to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him A not to B not to do C not do it D do not to 9 Do you work in the lab every afternoon No but sometimes I wish I A had time to B had time to do C have time to D have time 10 I ll do whatever I can my English A improve B to improve C improving D to improving 11 Could you tell me the way you ve thought of A to do it B doing it C do it D has to do it 12 He was often listened in the next room A sing B sung C to sing D to singing 13 Would you be shut the window It s so cold A enough kind to B kind enough not to C kind enough to D so kind enough as to 14 Don t take the medicine it can t help rid of your cold A getting B to get C to getting D gets 15 My grandmother seems to have a lot A worry about B to worry C to be worried D to worry about 16 Every minutes is made full of our lessons A to use study B use studying C useful to study D use to study 17 I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report A to go B to have gone C going D having gone 18 You shouldn t allow games near the classroom for it s too noisy A student playing B play C students to play D to play 19 The waiter was made to the guest A apologize B apologizing C to apologize D to be apologizing 20 Whom would you rather the work A to have to do B to have do C have to do D have do 21 I had meant on you but I was so busy 可编辑修改 A call B to call C calling D be calling 22 Do you often have someone your clothes Yes I often have them A wash to wash B to wash washed C washed wash D wash washed 23 She actually heard about it but he pretended A to hear not B not hearing C to not hear D not to 24 All I want is treated as a child by the teachers and parents A not be B being c not to be D to be not 25 The last man the disappointing news was the patient s sick father A knew B knows C to know D knowing 26 Why did he let you repeat his instruction time and time over that I remember what was after he went out A To make sure to do B Making sure to be done C To see to 注意 留意 关照 it to be done D Seeing to done 27 Pieces of bamboo or wood books between 2nd and 5th century AD A used to formed B used to form C were used to form D used to be forming 28 A middle aged woman came to the bus stop only the bus had gone A to run finding B running to find C and ran found D running find 29 Smith appears a long time He is impatient for my arrival A to wait B to be waiting C to have waited D to have been waiting 30 Our professor has just come back from aboard He seems his trip very much A to enjoy B to have enjoyed C to be enjoying D to have been enjoying 31 Why has Jack not come yet now Anything wrong with him He didn t pass the test but he still A hopes so B hopes that C hopes to D hopes it 32 The houses are for the teachers and the construction work will start soon A built B to be built C to build D being built 33 The last person the sinking ship was the captain A left B leave C to leave D to be leaving 34 Why was he fined He happened to several flowers in the park A be seen pick B be seen picking C be caught to pick D catch picking 35 It is impossible for anyone these photographs before because Mr Newman had them developed today A having seen B to have seen C to see D seeing 1 5 A A C B A 6 10 B A A A B 11 15 A C C B D 16 20 D B C C D 21 25 B D D C C 26 30 A C B D B 31 35CBCBB