复合结构.doc

英语的四大复合结构英语的复合结构由两个部分组成：一个部分表示人或者物，另一个部分表示动作或者状态。两个部分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，就是第一部分的人或物是第二部分动作的执行者或承受者，或者，第二部分所表示的状态就是第一部分所表示的人或物所处的状态。例如： We think a good knowledge of English as necessary as an excellent ability to communicate in the work of a foreign affairs official. （英语必不可少） With stepping stones along the road, you dont have to walk in the mud. (沿路的是石头) 1. 动词不定式的复合机构：for sb to do sth Please find some work for the children to do. (孩子们做工作) The book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂) 2. 动名词的复合结构：sbs / sb doing sth动名词的复合结构有四种形式： 形容词性物主代词+动名词 Do you mind my leaving now?I had not heart of your being ill.形容词性物主代词：指的是可以修饰名词的物主代词：your my her his its their 补充：名词性物主代词：指的是充当名词成分的物主代词如mine yours hers his its theirs 名词s +动名词Jacks not getting to the station on time made all of us angryDo you mind Jacks leaving now?I insisted Marys going there. 代词+动名词Do you mind me leaving now?In fact, I think its very much nicer without him, if you dont mind me saying so 名词+动名词Do you mind Jack leaving now?动名词的复合结构可在句中作主语、宾语。但作主语时不能用代词+动名词、名词+动名词；Him arriving amazed me ./ Mary crying makes me confused.(错误)无生命动词不能用名词s +动名词补充：英语中很多名词可加s 表示所有关系，此形式较名词的所有格.名词所有格主要用于表示人的名词。She is my wifes cousin.一般要表示无生命或动植物的所有关系常用of 结构：The gate of the park is guarded by an old man.无论作主语还是谓语，动名词的复合结构实际上是给动名词加了个逻辑主语.动名词复合结构的功能 1） 作主语 His/He coming home late worries his other. Johns /John coming here will get us out of trouble.约翰的到来将会使我们脱离困境。 2） 作动词或短语动词的宾语 I dont remember him/his giving me that book. 我记得他给过我那本书。 Do you mind my smoking?我抽烟你介意吗？ Her parents insisted on her studying medicine. 她父母坚持要她学医。 Have you heard of my sisters winning the contest? 我妹妹在竞赛中获胜的事你听说了吗？ 在上述例句中，动名词前的逻辑主语与句子主语不同。 如果主语相同，则不用逻辑主语，只用动名词。试比较： I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.(NMET94) 3） 作介词宾语 I dont like the idea of our living here. 我不愿意我们住在这里。 I knew nothing about the window being open.我一点也不知道窗户敞开着。 He left the city without our knowing it 他离开城市我们大家都不知道。.4） 作表语 What is most important is Toms going there at once. The main trouble is their not having enough money. 3.独立主格结构 (主格名词或代词+补足成分) 独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 （一）： 独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二） 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold.The work finished, we stopped for a drink. (分词) She looked angrily at the pretty girl, her face white and her eyes green. （形容词） Sword in hand, the man came at me. （介词短语） 4.with 的复合结构该结构由“名词(代词）+过去和现在分词、不定式、形容词 、副词、介词短语”构成作方式或伴随状语，位于句末Do not talk with your mouth fullThe teacher entered the classroom ,with a book in her hand =the teacher entered the classroom and she had a book in her hand作时间状语 位于句首或句末With his homework finished, he went to see a film.=after his work finished, he went to see a filmThe room is very bright with all the lights on 作原因状语位于句首或句末I can not go out ,with a lot of homework to do=I can not go out because of a lot of homework to do用作条件状语With Mary to help me, I can do it better=if Mary help me , I can do it betterWith time permitting, we will visit the Great Wall.用作定语，位于被修饰词后I like to live in the house with its windows facing the sedThere are rows of white house ,with trees in front the sea.5. 复合宾语 （宾语+宾语补足语） His speech made us laugh. （不定式） When she woke up, she found herself in hospital. （介词短语） I want the house painted white. （分词） Dont keep the lights on all the night. （副词这类副词还有：here, there, home, back, off, away, out, in, up, down等） We consider him one of our best f