比较级.最高级修订版.doc

形容词、副词比较级和最高级绝大多数形容词、副词有三种形式，原级、比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词、副词说明的性质在程度上的不同。I. 形容词、副词的原级: 形容词和副词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词、副词的原形。 例如: poor, tall great, glad, bad, lovely, fast, hard, well.1. as+ 原级+as (肯定句) 同 .一样 He can drive the car as carefully as I/me. 他开车开得和我一样仔细。 Helen looks as tall as Mary. Helen看起来和 Mary一样高。 注：表示甲在某方面不如乙时(否定句)，用“not as(so)+原级+as”结构 He is not as clever as she (is)/her. 他没有她聪明。 Tom didnt draw the picture as/so well as I/me. 汤姆画得没我好。II. 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是在形容词和副词的原级的基础上变化的，分为规则和不规则变化。1. 规则变化如下： 1). 单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级形式在词尾加 -er 或 -est 构成.great (原级)-greater (比较级)-greatest(最高级) tall-taller-tallest strong-stronger-strongest few-fewer-fewesthigh-higher-highestfast-faster-fastesthard-harder-hardest注：发音规则 -er - -est - ist faster f:st fastest f:stist * strong str stronger strg strongest strgist * young jyounger jgyoungest jgist 2). 以 e, -le 结尾的单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级在词尾加 -r 或 -st 构成.wide-wider-widest large-larger-largest late-later-latestable-abler-ablestfine-finer-finest3). 少数以 -er, -ow结尾的双音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er 或est.clever-cleverer-cleverest narrow-narrower-narrowest hollow-hollower-hollowest bitter-bitterer-bittest4). 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级变y为i, 再加-er 或-est 构成.happy happier-happiest heavy-heavier-heaviest early-earlier-earliesteasy-easier-easiest 注： 以元音加y结尾的词，则直接加er,或est. grey- greyer- greyest gay-gayer-gayest 以形容词+ly 变过来的副词，其比较级、最高级只能在其前面加 moremost. slowly-more slowly-most slowlyquickly-more quickly-most quickly5). 以重读闭音节结尾的词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，应双写该辅音字母然后再加 er或-est. big -bigger-biggest thin-thinner-thinnest hot-hotter-hottest red-redder-reddest fat-fatter-fattest sad-sadder-saddest6). 大多数双音节形容词、副词和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级在前面加more或most.beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful difficult -more difficult -most difficultired-more tired -most tiredcareful-more careful-most careful active-more active-most active注： 形容词、副词前如加 less 和 least 则表示较不和最不; important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要 以ly结尾的形容词比较级，最高级即可+er, est, 也可+more, most; lovely-lovelier-loveliest/more lovely-most lovely7). 一些形容词无比较级和最高级，如favorite, right, wrong, perfect, excellent, only, full, maximum, minimum, woolen(表“材料”类), American(表”国籍“类)等.2. 常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:good/well-better-bestmuch/many-more-mostbad/badly/ill-worse-worstlittle-less-least far-farther-farthest (距离) / further-furthest(程度) old-older-oldest(年龄,旧) / elder-eldest(家庭成员长幼,不与than连用，只修饰名词)(了解). late-later-latest (较迟-最新的) / latter-last (较后的-最后的，表顺序) 注：more与 +er 不能同时使用！III. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法: 1. 形容词、副词比较级的用法: 形容词、副词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:1). 主语+谓语+ 形容词副词比较级+than+ 对比成分。Our teacher istaller thanwe (are). 我们老师的个子比我们的高。It iswarmer today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。This picture looks more beautiful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。This meeting isless important than that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。 注：比较的东西必须同类。如： My bicycle is older than his. () My bicycle is older than he. () 比较： She loves music more than him.= She loves music more than she loves him. She loves music more than he. = She loves music more than he does. 注： That/those 代替同类事物的比较 The weather in Chengdu is better than that in Beijing2). The + 比较级， the +比较级 越，越 The bigger the bottle is, the more water it will hold. 瓶子越大，装的水越多。 The more money you give to him, the happier he is. 你给他的钱越多，他越高兴。 The faster you drive, the more dangerous it will be. 你开得越快越危险。3). 比较级+and+比较级 more and more + 原级 越来越 The weather is getting colder and colder. 天气越来越冷。 He ran faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快。 They take the boat out more and more often.4). the +比较级+of the two/twins 二者中更的 He is the taller of the two. 他是二者中更高的那个。 Which is the better of the two? 二者中哪个更好？6). 比较级前可用表示数量或程度的词修饰， 常用的有much, even, far, too, no, a little, a bit, still, a lot, any, 10%, twice, 3 times. 但不能用very， quite来修饰。 He felt no/a little/a lot better today. 他今天感觉没有好一些/好一点 /好很多。 That car runs a little faster. 那辆车跑得稍快一点。 She is 6 years older than her brother. 她比她弟弟大6岁。 That park is 4 times bigger than this one. 那个公园比这个大四倍。2. 形容词、副词最高级的用法: 形容词、副词最高级用于三个以上的人和物进行比较, 使用时注意以下2点： 1). 形容词最高级前通常加定冠词the, 副词最高级前面可加定冠词the, 亦可省略the. She is the cleverest. He ran (the) fastest yesterday.2). 形容词、副词最高级后面可带in / of短语或现在完成时的从句，说明比较的范围。 She is the tallest of the five girls. 她是5个女孩里个子最高的。 She is the tallest in the class. 她是班上个子最高的。 Yao Ming is the tallest man that Ive ever seen in China. 姚明是我在中国见过的最高的人。 注：（比较）Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?IV. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级之间的相互转换： 1. 原级与比较级的转换： Sandy is not so(as) careful as Simon. = Simon is more careful than Sandy. = Sandy is less careful than Simon. Sandy doesnt work as/so hard as Simon. = Simon works harder than Sandy.2. 比较级与最高级的转换： This building is taller than any other building in the city. 这座大楼比该市其他大楼都高。 =This building is taller than the other buildings in the city.=This building is the tallest of the buildings in the city. 注：* Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. (同一范围) Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan. (不同范围)形容词比较级练习I. Write down the comparative degree and the superlative degree forms of the following words. good/well _ _ bad/badly/ill _ _much/many _ _ little _ _ far _ _ old _ _thin _ _ important _ _modern _ _ clever _ _ugly _ _ beautiful _ _fantastic _ _ handsome _ _tall _ _ favourite _ _nice _ _ intelligent _ _careful _ _ wrong _ _II. Multiple choice. ( ) 1. I dont like winter because its _. A. cold B. colder C. coldest D. more cold( ) 2. Which is _ season in a year?A. good B. better C. best D. the best( ) 3. Lillie feels _ today than yesterday, so we must send her to hospital.A. badB. badlyC. worse D. worst( ) 4. My kitchen is small, but my bathroom is _ smaller. It can only hold a bath, a shower and a toilet. There is no place for a washbasin.A. moreB. mostC. evenD. many( ) 5. Which subject(课程) do you like _, English or history（历史）?A. betterB. good C. wellD. best( ) 6. Simon looks _ of the three boys.A. tallB. tallerC. the tallestD. highest( ) 7. Tom is _ than me.A. 2 years youngB. 3 months oldC. 4 weeks youngerD. 5 days bigger( ) 8. Our new classroom in Wenjiang campus is _ than that in our old campus in Chengdu. A. big B. biger C. bigger D. biggest( ) 9. - This is very beautiful.- Yes, at least its _ the one I bought last week.A. as bad asB. better thanC. worse thanD. not better than( ) 10. In general, people in the east are _ those in the west.A. short and darkB. shorter and darker thanC. as short and darker thanC. as shorter and darker( ) 11. He is as _ as Peter when he does his homework now, so his mother is very happy. A. careful B. more carefulC. most carefulD. carefully( ) 12. He finishes his homework as _ as Sandy. There are a lot of mistakes in both of their homework. A. careless B. carefulC. carelesslyD. carefully( ) 13. Lily doesnt dance so _ as May.A. better B. wellC. niceD. beautiful( ) 14. Which is _ of the two mugs, the green one or the yellow one? A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful D. the more beautiful( ) 15. Do you know this new book is _ the old one. A. as cheaper as B. not as cheapest as C. as cheap so D. not so cheap as( ) 16. “_ you eat, _ you are. But its not good for your health. Dont be silly, young lady.” A. Little, thin B. Less, thinner C. The least, the thinnest D. The less, the thinner ( ) 17. I dont speak English as _ as you do. A. good B. betterC. wellD. the best( ) 18. Can you come a little _? A. quickly B. quicklierC. more quicklyD. more quicklier( ) 19.There are many books. The book is more interesting than _ on the shelf. A. any other books B. the other bookC. other booksD. any other book( ) 20. The garden is becoming _.A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautifulC. more and more beautifulD. more beautiful and beautifulerIII. Words transformation.1. As we know, the earth is getting _now because of the air pollution(污染) (warm).2. Shanghai is _ city in China. (big)3. Which one is _, English or maths (difficult)?4. The Yellow River is very _ and its the second _ river in China (long).5. It is even _ in August than in July in South China. (hot)6. Do you know this is _ story Ive ever read (interesting).7. The boys in my class are as _ as those in the basketball team in our school (队) (tall).8. Hes _ of the two boys, but their father is _ in their family (handsome).9. I dont need more because I dont want to be a little _ than now. (fat)10. Robin is _ (brave and kind) in hi