wish虚拟语气.doc

。wish虚拟语气“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜”、“就好了”、“悔不该”、“但愿”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿望,用would(could)+动词原形;表示过去不能实现的愿望,用had+过去分词或(could)would+have+过去分词。例如:1). 与现在事实相反 :动词过去式或wereI wish we could go to the seaside today. I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I were a pilot.但愿我是个飞行员。I wish I knew how to operate the machine.我要是会操作这架机器该有多好啊! (= Im sorry I dont know.)2).与过去事实相反 :主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。 I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish he hadnt gone.他要是没走该多好!(= Im sorry he has gone.)We wish you had come to our New Years party.我们真希望你来参加我们的新年联欢会。(= but you did not)3).与将来事实相反:助动词过去式+动词原形I wish theyd let us get some sleep.I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 一） wish+ 主语+ 虚拟过去时A wish（that）+ 主语+ 过去时，这一结构用于对目前的情况表示遗憾：I wish hs was coming with us我多希望他能跟我们一起来。相当于：Im sorry he isnt coming with us真遗憾他不能跟我们一起来。wish可用在过去时中而不改变虚拟的意思：He wished he knew the address他多希望他知道那个地址。相当于：He was sorry he didnt know the address他感到遗憾他不知道那个地址。在间接引语中，虚拟过去时形式不用变化：I wish I lived nearer my work，he said“但愿我住得离工作地再近点，”他说。相当于：He said he wished he lived nearer his work他说但愿他能住得离工作地再近点。B wish（that）+ 主语+ 过去完成时（虚拟语气）表示对过去的情况表示遗憾：I wish you had written to him但愿你给他写过信就好了。相当于：Im sorry you didnt write to him真遗憾你没有给他写信。wished可代替wish而不改变虚拟的意思：I wished I hadnt spent so much money相当于：I was sorry I had spent so much money（译文同上。）变为间接引语时，这些动词不用变化：I wished I had taken his advice，she said“但愿我当时听了他的劝告就好了，”她说。相当于：She（said she） wished she had taken his advice她（说她）但愿当时听了他的劝告就好了。二） wish（that）+主语+wouldA wish+主语+过去时态可以表示对现在的情况表示遗憾：I wish that he wrote more regularly我多希望他能勤来信。相当于：Im sorry he doesnt write more regularly我很遗憾他来信不勤。B wish+ 主语+ would的意思与上面所说的相似，但是它所表示的动作是从句的主语所能控制的。即：只要某人愿意，这种动作是可以改变的。wish+ would可表示主语现在愿意或不愿意进行某个动作，这常常是一种习惯性动作。I wish he would write more often我多希望他肯常写信来。相当于：Im sorry he isnt willing to write more often很遗憾，他不愿意常写信来。I wish he would wear a coat我多希望他肯穿件外衣。相当于：Im sorry he refused to wear a coat可惜他不想穿外衣。wish与would不能使用同一个主语，否则句子就会不符合逻辑。因此不能出现 I wish+ I would这种结构。C wish+ 主语+would也可表示对目前情况的不满以及希望能有所改变：I wish he would answer my letter但愿他能给我写回信（我等他的回信已经很久了）I wish they would change the menu我希望他们的饭菜能变变花样（我吃香肠吃腻了）I wish they would stop making bombs我希望他们能停止制造炸弹但说话人通常是对发生他所要求的变化不抱有多大希望。上面的第三个例句表示完全没有希望。如同在上面B中一样，wish+主语+ would在这里限于表示有可能事情有所改变。wish和would同样不能使用同一个主语如果从句的主语是人，动作应该能受主语控制，句中仍然存在着愿意或不愿意的意思。但有时 wish+主语+would结构中从句的主语不是指人而是指物。这时就不能表示愿意或不愿意：I wish it would stop raining我希望雨停下来I wish the sun would come out我希望出太阳I wish prices would come down我希望物价能降下来I wish the train would come我希望火车会来wish+主语+would在这里与would like非常相似。但would like不限于表示事情有可能改变，也不含有对目前情况不满的意思。同时，would like结构也不暗示没有希望：I would like Jack to study art我想让杰克学艺术。（我让他学艺术。/我希望他今后学习艺术）I wish Peter would study art我多希望彼得肯学习艺术（彼得大概已拒绝学习艺术）D I wish you would也可以用来表示请求。这里不表示说话人已感到对方会拒绝请求，但它暗示对方在某个方面使说话人感到恼火或失望。I wish you would help me常含有你本该已提出帮我的意思。I wish you would stop humming/interrupting/ asking silly questions表示说话人为哼歌曲声/打断/所问的愚蠢的问题而恼火。但是 I wish you would结构可用来表示对