现代大学英语第三册第一单元(精).doc

MoreWork on the Text Vocabulary1. Translate. (P141 From English into Chinese.(1学校教职员工 (10青春期(2政治上的成熟 (11种族偏见(3成长过程中的变化 (12每天工作日程(4认同危机 (13伦理道德观念(5恋爱关系 (14处理日常生活的能力(6遗传工程 (15历史背景(7学术生活 (16异性(8偶然事件 (17感情上的支持(9民族认同 (18生活方式2 From Chinese into English.(1 to pursue an education (10 to drag ones feet(2 to acquire knowledge (11 to evaluate the result(3 to handle the case (12 to process knowledge(4 to define the word (13 to perform ones duty(5 to select ones major (14 to narrow the gap(6 to resent the treatment (15 to expand business(7 to establish their identity (16 to expect better results(8 to frustrate the students (17 to assemble cars(9 to declare war (18 to present facts2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following. (P151 Give synonyms.(1 objective, purpose, end (7 choice(2 to happen (8 to choose/to pick orpick out(3 to increase/to enlarge/to grow/to develop (9main/chief/principal/leading(4 to try/to attempt/to make an effort (10 belief(5 clear (11 strong feeling(6 magazine (12 to get/to gain/toobtain2 Give antonyms.(1 masculine (9 to exclude(2 immature (10 disapproval(3 independence (11 mistrust/distrust(4 inferior (12 inequality(5 incompetent (13 to discourage(6 minor (14 to grow/to increase/to expand/todevelop(7 to narrow (15 indistinct/unclear/vague(8 innocence (16 impractical/unpractical/theoretical3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words in their proper forms listed below.(P151 handle 5 observant, occurrence 9 occurred,apply2 occurrence 6 observation, observed, occur 10 observers,handled3 handle 7 involve 11involvement4 involved 8 application 12 observation4. Translate. (P161 She intends to apply for that academic position.2 He is so devoted to his research that the idea that he will soon have to retirenever occurs to him.3 Many people have observed that, without effective checks, we have a tendency to abuse our power.4 Students must observe carefully how good writers use words.5 Some countries refuse to get involved in this dispute and they resent anyforeign interference.6 How do you think we should handle the drug problem?7 According to the agreement, all business policies should apply to everybodywithout any prejudice.8 The control of the sand storms will involve a tremendous amount of work andmoney.9 You have to take into consideration the local conditions when you apply thesetechnologies.10 All applicants will have to fill out this form and mail in an application fee of50 dollars.11 Based on his careful observationof childrens behavior he came to the conclusionthat learning is a natural pleasure.12 In a country of many nationalities, ethnic harmony requires very carefulhandling.13 The government is determined to punish all the corrupt officials involved.14 Cheating at exams does not occur very often. But when it does, the school takes avery tough position.5. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word. (P161 C. 3 B. 5 B. 7 D. 9 B. 11 A. 13 D. 15 B. 17A.2 A. 4 A./D. 6 D. 8 A. 10 C. 12 C. 14 A. 16 D. 18 D.6. Choose the right word in their proper forms. (P181 (1 object (2 objectives (3 objective (4 objective (5 objects2 (1 requires (2 requires (3 acquire (4 acquire (5inquire3 (1 entrusted (2 entrusted (3 trust (4 believe (5 trust4 (1 repaid (2 pay, repay (3 place (4 repay (5placed, replaced5 (1 anxious (2 anxiously (3 eager (4 eager/anxious (5eager/anxious7. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.(P19(1 suggested (4 but (7 eventually (10 what (13derive(2 primarily (5 remained (8 regrets (11 where (14lacking(3 told (6 consisted (9 pursuing (12 Although (15droppingMoreWork on the Text Grammar1. Observe these sentences and identify the object of the italicized verb or preposition,and find out how it is expressed. (P201 them: pronoun2 who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are: two wh -clauses3 to enter the work world: an infinitive phrase4 that there are four distinct aspects to psychological separation from onesparents: a that -clause5 where they are in the independence/dependence struggle: a wh -clause6 how to give and receive affection in the adult world: a wh -clause7 very little: pronoun8 how they react to new knowledge and new ways of learning, how they processthe knowledge presented to them, and how they organize this knowledge:three wh -clauses9 shuddering: a gerund10 drifting down: a gerund phrase11 herself: a reflective pronoun12 how to let loose a plague capable of destroyingwhole nations: wh -word + toinfinitive13 what to say: wh -word + to-infinitive14 whether it had been storming for three or four days: a noun clause introducedby “ whether ”15 (need charity: a noun; (help themselves: a reflexive pronoun; (told Millard: a proper noun2. Practice using correct object forms. (P211 Complete the sentences with one appropriate word.(1 what (3 what (5 it (7 why (9 everything(2 yourself (4 whether (6 others (8 which/how (10 much2 Choose the right form, the infinitive or the gerund of the verb in brackets, forthe blanks.(1 feeling (4 being; being/to be (7 to stay (10 being recognized(2 to change (5 to go (8 not to see(3 becoming (6 thinking (9 having fallen behind3 Translate these sentences into English.(1 In the negotiations, the two sides found they had little in common.(2 More and more old people are learning how to surf/use the Internet.(3 Dont forget to write down your name on the exam paper.(4 We must bear in mind that there is no shortcut in learning.(5 He never regretted having shifted from business to politics.(6 I d like to have a chat with you about your term paper sometime this week.(7 Like sports, learning a foreign language requires a lot of practice.(8 They all remember where they were when they heard the shocking news.(9 People learn little from victory, but much more from defeat. (10 Whenever you face a decision you have three choices: do what you please;do what others do; or do what is right.3. Summarize how the word “ way ” is modified/qualified in these sentences. (P22the way + clause = the way in which + clause: 1, 6a way/the way(s + to-infinitive phrase (referring to an activity in a specific way:2, 3, 8a way/the way/ways + of + gerund noun (referring to an activity in a general way: 4, 5, 7But in many cases, the difference between “ a/the way to do sth.” and “ a/the wayof doing sth.” is blurred. The choice is rather a matter of idiomatic usage.4. Complete these sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets, using the word“ way ” .(P221 a poets way of telling us2 the only way to learn a foreign language well3 no easy way to say good-bye4 the way they all stared at me5 some aspects of the way we speak6 (many ways to get data into a computer7 The way I judge it8 a way of delivering the secret message9 a way to stop the leak10 the way the children responded to their questions5. Put in appropriate determiners where necessary using a “ /” when none is needed.(P23a, his, a, his, the, an, The, the/a, a, the, the, The, the, /, The, his, the, the6. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (P231 D. 3 A. 5 B. 7 A. 9 D. 11 C. 13 A.15 A.2 C. 4 D. 6 D. 8 B. 10 B. 12 B. 14 C.(In colloquial English, A is possible for No. 12.MoreWork on the Text WrittenWorkAnswer the question in about 150 words. (P24In what ways, according to the writer of the article, is college a time of growth andexpansion?College life is an important period in ones life. Although the college students seldomthink about that the key changes will probably happen to them during their collegeyears.During this time, students are going through an identity crisis which includesindependence/ dependence struggle from their parents. And also, the most important thing is establishing their sexual identity. At the same time, these youngsters are learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world. Whats more, they establish their personal and social identity. They are affirming their personal values such as religious faith, moral and ethical values and developing new ways to organize and using the academic knowledge as well as their world knowledge. In a word, college students can be growing in their understanding of themselves, others and the world in which they lives. Poemof theWeek About the Poet 依里诺尔法吉恩（18811965）生于伦敦，由私人家庭教师授课。她是一位英 国小说家的女儿，并且是美国著名演员约瑟夫杰斐逊的孙女。她的一生都沉醉 于童话故事和儿歌之中， 她的诗充满了孩子般的语言和节奏。她的诗为儿童与青 少年所喜爱。 六、课文参考译文 你的大学生活 鲍勃哈特 1你可曾考虑过作为大学生的你生活中正在发生及将要发生的变化吗？你可曾想 到过你的教授和其他老师在你的大学期间对于你的成长和成熟制定过确定的目 标吗？你可曾认识到当你从青少年渐渐成熟时某些发展变化也将随之出现吗？ 尽管大学生很少思考以上的问题，但是在大学期间，一些关键性的变化将很有 可能发生在他们身上。 2 大学期间，学生正经受自我认同危机，他们竭力找出自己到底是谁，以及自身 有什么优点和不足。当然，他们确实有许多的优点也有许多的不足。但重要的是 除了要了解人们如何看待自己，还要知道其他人如何看待他们。皮尔斯和兰多 曾在一篇文章中探讨了爱立信在国际社会科学百科全书中的有关理论，根据 他们的观点， 自我认同取决于先天基因（遗传于父母），成形于环境，并且因 随 机事件而改变。人们受环境影响，反过来，又影响环境。人们如何看待自己在以 上两个方面所扮演的角色，毫无疑问这是他们自我心理认同的一部分。 3 在学生们经历自我认同危机的同时，也开始独立于自己的父母，尽管他们仍然 非常依赖父母。这种独立与依赖的斗争成为青春期后期的主要部分。实际上，这 种斗争可能因为他们选择追求高等教育而升级。高中一毕业，很多毕业生选择 进入职场。这种选择的结果促使他们在经济上独立于自己的父母。但是，大学生 选择了再花几年时间继续学习并发展自我，这使得他们在某种程度上可能还要 依赖于自己的父母。 4 在1984年4月发表于咨询心理学期刊上的青春期末期与父母的心理脱离 一文中，杰弗里A霍夫曼提到青少年与父母的心理分离有四个不同方面。第 一， 功能上的独立，包括料理实践事务和个人事务的能力，比如理财、选择自己的衣 服以及决定自己的日程表等。第二，观点上的独立，也就是说学生学会正确看待 和接受自己与父母在态度、 价值和信仰上的差异。第三个心理分离的过程是情感 上的独立。霍夫曼将这一过程定义为“从父母的赞许、亲近、陪伴以及情感的支 持中解脱”。例如，大学生觉得可以自由地选择自己所追求的专业，而不用经过 父母同意。第四个就是摆脱“父母的过度的内疚、焦虑、不信任、责任、压抑、 反感以及愤怒”。大学生需要退一步来审视他们是处于独立、依赖中的哪一个位 置。 5 或许对于大学生来说最迫切的事情之一就是去确立自己的性认同， 这包括与异 性的交流以及计划他们未来作为男人或者女人的角色。 每个人都必须把她或者他 的性别定位于女性或者男性角色。这是一个令人兴奋的时刻也是一个让人沮丧 的时刻。 可能除了与自己心爱的人交往外，没有其他任何一种方式可以让学生们 感觉到情感上的大起大落。例如，在我与一个年轻的大学生共事期间，有一次 他欢呼雀跃地走进我的办公室，面带笑容，而且声音激动。他宣布：“我刚刚度 过了我一生中最美好的时光！” 他继续向我解释说如何遇到了一个超凡脱俗的年 轻女子，她们的关系如何像他们想的那样浪漫。然而，还没过一周，那个年轻人 又来到我的办公室，步伐沉重，一脸沮丧地说道“我刚熬过了我人生中最糟糕的 日子！ 原来， ” 他刚跟那女孩发生了争吵， 并且以后关系也不会像从前那般好了。 因此，大学生与异性的交往方式对其情感有着决定性的影响。 与此同时， 这些年轻的大人们正在大人的世界里学着如何去接受和付出爱。这方 面的成长不仅要处理与异性之间的关系，而且牵涉到两性及各年龄段朋友之间 的相互作用。随着他们长大成人，他们与别人交往的方式也在改变。这时候作为 成年人，他们应该思考如何与同龄人相处以及表达适当的尊重，如何在自己的 生活中与孩子、青年人交往以及如何与父母交流和表达自己的情感。例如，当我 在西南浸礼教会神学院读研究生的时候，当我完成一门咨询课程之后，我拜访 了我的父母。在学习该课程的过程中，我意识到当我的世界不断扩宽，新的选择 不断向我张开双臂时，我那已60多岁的父亲的世界却在不断地缩小， 选择的余 地也越来越窄。这次回家拜访的过程中，父亲和我进行了几次谈话，我们谈论了 我的课程以及如何将其运用到生活中。我发现我正用着不同的方式去看待自己 的父亲， 而且就像对待要鼓励的朋友那样与之交往。我有意识地鼓励着这个从前 鼓励过我的男人。我正用着一种不同的方式以他相处。 7 对于大学生来说， 另外一个转变就是使他们的宗教信仰、 价值观和道德观内化。 从出生那天起， 就有一位或更多的父母一直充当着孩子的楷模，并且传授他们一 定的信仰、价值观和道德观。然而，当他们到了青春期，以上这些观点都受到 质疑，甚至在某些时候遭到抗拒。现在，作为年轻的大人，他们有机会去决定自 己生活中所