美国高中生必须掌握的100个单词.doc

美国高中生必备词汇abjurev. 发誓放弃例句:Some of the Roman Emperors tried to make Christians abjure theirreligion。一些罗马皇帝企图迫使基督徒放弃信仰。abrogatev. 废除例句:Washington decided to abrogate the “eternal” treaty with Francescurrent government and declared the United States neutral, despiteharsh criticisms in the press and in his own government。尽管遭受来自媒体和政府内部的批评，华盛顿决定彻底废除和法国现政府的“永久”条约，宣布美国中立。abstemiousadj. 节制的例句:To be abstemious in eating and drinking饮食节制笔记:和abstain 对比， abstain是回避，戒除；而abstemious则是节约，朴素。acumenn. 锐敏，聪明例句:Her business acumen has made her very successful。她灵活的经商头脑使她的生意十分兴隆。antebellumadj. 战前的，尤指美国南北战争前例句:The capital of Louisiana, in the southeast-central part of thestate on a bluff above the Mississippi River. It has notableantebellum houses. Population, 219,531.巴吞鲁日美国路易斯安那州的首府，位于密西西比河下峭壁的东南中心部，保留许多闻名的南北战争前古建筑。人口219，531auspiciousn. 吉兆的，幸运的例句:The publication of my first book was an auspicious beginning of mycareer。我的第一本书的出版是我事业吉祥的开始。believ. 掩饰，与不符，使失望例句:Practical experience belies this theory。实际经验证明这个理论是错误的。His cheerful manner belied his real feelings。他那快活的样子掩饰了他真实的感情。bellicoseadj. 好战的，好斗的例句:Some irresponsible politicians made a bellicose remarks。一些不负责任的政客做出一些好战的话语。bowdlerizev. 删去例句:There is no need to bowdlerize your speech when dealing with anyonefrom a legal standpoint。从法律角度说，你不需要再跟任何人修订你的演讲稿了。chicaneryn. 欺诈，欺骗例句:They are skilled at chicanery and lies。他们擅长于谎言和欺骗。The world is full of chicanery。世界充满了欺骗chromosomen. 染色体例句:The position that a given gene occupies on a chromosome。基因座在一条染色体上某种给定基因所占的位置churlishadj. 粗野的例句:It seems churlish to refuse such a generous offer。拒绝这样慷慨的建议未免有些失礼。Churlish as it may be to criticise those who set out to do good,many charities behave as if they were unaccountable。许多的慈善机构表现得很不负责，虽然我们这样责备这些从事善行的人可能显得不礼貌。circumlocutionn. 迂回累赘的陈述例句:He is a master at circumlocution, but its easier for me tounderstand him now than before。他讲话很会兜圈子，不过我现在已经比以前容易理解他的意思了。笔记:circum 迂回locution 惯用语circumnavigatevt. 环航例句:Magellan was the first person to circumnavigate the globe。麦哲伦是第一个环球航行的人。Its said that Zhen He in China Ming dynasty was the first personwho circumnavigate the globe据说中国明朝的郑和是世界上第一个环游地球的人。deciduousadj. 每年落叶的，非永久性的例句:Very few plants in my garden are deciduous。我公园里的落叶植物很少。deleteriousadj. 有害于，有毒的例句:The continual forcasting errors had significant deleterious impacton Motorolas credit ratings and relationships。持续的预测失灵对摩托罗拉的信用和关系产生了极坏影响。Obviously we ought to be very concerned about gambling in any formbecause it is certainly deleterious to our communities很显然，对任何形式的赌博，我们都要保持极高的警惕，因为凡是赌博都会危害我们的社区。diffidentadj. 无自信的，客客气气的，羞怯的例句:He was to diffident to do justice to himself。他过于羞怯而不能为自己声辩。笔记:和Confident 对比。enervatev. 使衰弱vt. 使无力例句:The luxury enervates and destroys nations奢华铺张会让国家衰弱。enfranchisev. 给与自治权，给与选举权，解放例句:In Britain women were enfranchised in 1918.1918年英国妇女获得议会选举权。The slaves were enfranchised。奴隶们被释放了。epiphanyn. 主显节，公现节，出 现例句:A Christian festival observed from December24, Christmas Eve, toJanuary5, the eve of Epiphany。圣诞节节期圣诞节假日从十二月二十四日的圣诞前一天，到一月五日的显灵节前一天equinoxn. 昼夜平分点，春分或秋分例句:An equinox is one of the two days in the year when day and nightare of equal length。笔记:春分和秋分，太阳直射赤道(equator)，日夜时间相等(equal)euron. 欧元例句:The euro remained stronger against the dollar and yen in New Yorktrading Thursday。周四纽约交易市场上欧元兑美元和日元依然强劲。evanescentadj. 逐渐消失的，容易消散的，会凋零的例句:The joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgottenin the mad chase of evanescent profits。务必不能再忘记劳动带来的喜悦和激励，而去疯狂地追逐那转瞬即逝的利润。expurgatev. 净化，删去例句:After WWII, for allies in Germany, one of the toughest job wasexpurgating fascist dogma from textbooks。二战后，在德国的盟军最艰巨的一项任务是从教科书里删除法西斯主义教条。facetiousadj. 轻浮的，好开玩笑的例句:He is so facetious that he turns everything into a joke。他好开玩笑，把一切都变成戏谑。Facetious remarks are part of his stock-in-trade。讲俏皮话是他的拿手好戏。a facetious remarks。开玩笑的话fatuousadj. 愚昧的， 昏庸的， 发呆的， 愚笨的， 自满的例句:He seems take pride to make such fatuous remarks。他好像对自己愚蠢的讲话还洋洋自得。fecklessadj. 没精神的，软弱的，无用的例句:This is a feckless argument, purely, and shows the lack oflegitimacy and moral integrity of these anti-war protestors。这是一个无力的争辩，表现出了那些反战示威者法理以及道义上的缺乏。fiduciaryadj. 受托的，信托的例句:He is acting in a fiduciary capacity。他以受托人身份行为。In a cynical era it is easy to overlook the importance of thisinstitutionalized efficiency and breadth of fiduciary trust。在这玩世不恭的时代，这种惯常的效率和高度信任的重大意义是容易被人忽视的。filibusterv.&n. 妨碍议事，阻挠例句:One who systematically blocks or interrupts a process, especiallyone who attempts to impede passage of legislation by the use ofdelaying tactics, such as a filibuster。有组织的妨害议事的人有组织地阻碍或打断进程一个人，尤其是意在阻碍提案通过，借助一些延后的策略，如冗长的演说gameten. 配偶子例句:The other male gamete fuses with the secondary nucleus, forming theprimary endosperm nucleus。另一个雄配子和次生核结合形成初生胚乳核。gaucheadj. 笨拙的，粗鲁的例句:I find him terribly gauche。我认为他太不圆通了。Its considered a little gauche to show love to a girl in yourfirst meet。笔记:程度应该比rude轻吧gerrymanderv. 为己党利益擅改选区例句:A district or configuration of districts differing widely in sizeor population because of gerrymandering。不公正划分的选区由于不公正划分选区而在面积和人口方面差异极大的一个区或选区结构笔记:1 : to divide (a territorial unit) into election districts to giveone political party an electoral majority in a large number ofdistricts while concentrating the voting strength of the oppositionin as few districts as possible 2 : to divide (an area) intopolitical units to give special advantages to one grouphegemonyn. 霸权，领导权例句:China will never seek hegemony and never go in for expansion。中国永不称霸，也不会对外扩张。hemoglobinn. 血红蛋白例句:The destruction or dissolution of red blood cells, with subsequentrelease of hemoglobin。溶血(现象)，血细胞溶解红血细胞的破坏或溶解，随后释放血红蛋白A red blood cell having no hemoglobin。血影细胞失去血红蛋白的一种红血细胞The protein that is a constituent of hemoglobin。球蛋白由血红蛋白构成的蛋白homogeneousadj. 同种的，同质的，均质的例句:A dense, homogeneous rock with constituents so fine that theycannot be seen by the naked eye。隐晶岩，非显晶岩一种成分细密肉眼不能看到的致密同质岩石The state or quality of being homogeneous。同质同质或相似的性质或状态hubrisn. 傲慢，骄傲例句:Bush has fallen victim to his own hubris。布什成为他自身傲慢的牺牲品。hypotenusen. (直角三角形的)斜边例句:The hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is the side opposite itsright angle。斜边是直角三角形直角相对的那条边。impeachv. 存疑，归咎，怀疑例句:The Parliament decided to impeach the President。国会决定弹劾总统。Many people impeached the judge for taking bribes。很多人控告法官受贿。incognitoadv. 微行，用假名的n. 微行者，匿名者adj. 微行的，改名的，匿名的例句:He didnt want to be recognized, so he travelled incognito。他不想被人认出， 所以出行时隐瞒身分。incontrovertibleadj. 无争论之余地的，无疑的，明白的例句:Necessarily or demonstrably true; incontrovertible。必然真实的，可明确论证的；无可置疑的Incontrovertible proof of the defendants innocence。证实被告无罪的无可辩驳的证据inculcatev. 教授，谆谆教诲，教育例句:We failed to inculcate our children with the knowledge oflove。我们没有成功地施以孩子们爱的教育。infrastructuren. 下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施例句:Our city offer overseas in vesture fair service for productionaside from infrastructure。我市除了向外国投资者提供基础设施外，还提供良好的生产服务设施。interpolatev. 加入(额外的事)，窜改例句:If I may interpolate a comment, before you continue yourspeech很抱歉打断你的演讲， 请让我插句话。Close inspection showed that many lines had been interpolated intothe manuscript at a later date。经仔细检查发现不少字句是後来添写进原手稿中去的。ironyn. 反讽，讽剌，讽剌之事例句:The great irony is that despite all his explanation nobody believedhim。最具讽刺意味的是：尽管他竭力解释，可没一个人相信他。Paradox and irony are characteristics of her style。她善於运用似非而是的隽语和反语。Do I detect a tinge of irony?我觉得这话有点儿像反话吧？jejuneadj. 空洞的，不成熟的例句:We were surprised by their jejune responses to our problems。他们空洞的反应让我们很惊讶。kineticadj. 运动的例句:Kinetic energy is the energy arising from motion。动能就是由于运动而产生的能量。British astronomer, physicist, and mathematician noted for his workon the kinetic theory of gases and his investigations into therelationships between mathematical concepts and the naturalworld。詹姆斯，詹姆斯霍普伍德18771946英国天文学家、物理学家和数学家。以气体动力学的研究和探索数学同自然界之间的关系著称kowtown. 磕头vi. 叩头例句:Their actions tell us that unless politicians kowtow to theirpartys special interests they will not be elected or they willhave no effect。他们的举动告诉我们，除非这些政客向党内特殊利益磕头，否则他们就无法当选或者不能发挥作用。laissez fairen. 放任， 自由主义例句:Laissez-faire ideologues and Roosevelt haters cried that he was putting the country on the road to communism。自由资本主义的理想主义者和罗斯福的政敌叫嚣他正把国家放在通往共产主义的道路上。lexiconn. 辞典，语典例句:In my lexicon, those are not the same things at all。但我认为这根本不能混为一谈。loquaciousadj. 多嘴的，饶舌的例句:Jack is a silent boy, but loquacious on his favourite topic。杰克是个安静的男孩，但是一碰上自己感兴趣的话题，就变得非常健谈。lugubriousadj. 可怜的，悲惨的，悲哀的例句:Theres this image in the public consciousness that theyre just a bunch of lugubrious, free-spending bodies mindlessly moving cheek to jowl and wasting the publics money, but that was not the Congress that I saw。在公众的意识当中，拿些人(议员)是一群可悲的，挥霍无度的躯壳，他们说话不经过大脑，浪费公众钱财；但是我实际看到的议会不是这样的。metamorphosisn. 锐变，变质，变形例句:The social metamorphosis occurred in China is remarkable。中国发生的社会变化是值得注意的。Shes undergo quite a metamorphosis since you last see her。自你上次见到她以来，她已完全变了一个样子。mitosisn. 有丝分裂，间接核分裂例句:Mitosis, the process of cell division, is the fundamental mechanism by which all living things, from the lowest singlecelled creature to the most complex organisms, including man, perpetuate themselves。有丝分裂，细胞分裂这一过程。是所有生物，从最低级的单细胞生物到更加复杂的有机体，包括人类，生生不息最根本的机制。moietyn. 一半，一部份，应得之份例句:That older system also was working badly. It was restricting purchasing power to a shrinking moiety of the population, and losing its progressive momentum very rapidly。更古老的系统也不顶用，它将购买力限制在一组数量不断缩小的人群，快速失去前进的动力。nanotechnologyn. 纳米技术例句:Despite the growing pains, many experts say nanotechnology is catching on much faster than they had expected。尽管遭遇挫折，专家们肯定说，纳米技术的发展速度远超他们的期望。nihilismn. 虚无主义，无政府主义例句:At the last end of century and the correspond liter ary world, historical nihilism becomes a fashion to follow。在刚刚逝去的上一世纪末和当下的文坛上，当前文艺批评中的历史虚无主义倾向竟成为某些人称颂的“亮点”和效仿的“时髦”。nomenclaturen. 命名法，专门语，术语例句:botanical nomenclature植物分类法It developed variations in nomenclature and in substance。在名称和实质上，它都发生了变化。nonsectarianadj. 无宗派的例句:Embry-Riddle is an independent, nonsectarian , not-for-profit coeducational university serving culturally diverse students seeking careers in aviation, aerospace, engineering, and related fields。Embry-Riddle 大学是一所独立的，非教派，非盈利，男女同校的大学，为不同文化背景的学生提供航空学、天学、工程学多领域的教育服务。notarizev. 证明，确认例句:It is illegal under state law to notarize documents if a notary has a financial interest in the transaction。如果公证可能因被公正的交易而获利，则根据州律法，这项公证是非法的。obsequiousadj. 谄媚的，奉承的，顺从的例句:He is a worker who is obsequious to the boss。他是个对老板卑躬屈膝的人。oligarchyn. 寡头政治例句:Americas bankers are oligarchys美国的银河家是寡头政治。omnipotentadj. 全能的，无所不能的例句:The omnipotent God will help us。万能的上帝会帮助我们的。He is an omnipotent bureaucrat。他是个有很大权力的官僚。Americans are not omnipotent, not all virtuous, they should remind themselves, they do not bestride the world。美国人不是全知全能，也并非道德完满，他们必须提醒自己不能跨坐在这个世界之上。orthographyn. 正确拼字，拼字，正字法例句:Indictionaries, words are listed according to their orthography。在词典中， 词是按照字母拼写顺序排列的。笔记:ortho-graphyoxidizev. 氧化，生锈vt.&adv. 使氧化例句:The carbon14 atoms oxidize to carbon dioxide which gets blown about and mixed up with lower atmosphere。碳14原子氧化生成二氧化碳，向四周散去并与低空的大气混合。Iron is easily oxidized。铁很容易氧化。parabolan. 抛物线例句:Remember the parabola demonstrates a 68% chance that the stock will stay within the area by expiration。记住这条抛物线呈现出68%的概率，由于预期，这只股票会停留在这块区域里。paradigmn. 例，模范，词形变化表例句:The paradigm of a word。词的词形变化。parametern. 参数，参量例句:We have to work within the parameters of time and budget。我们工作受时间和财力所限。pecuniaryadj. 金钱上的，金钱的例句:She is so independent that she refused all pecuniary aid。她很独立，所以拒绝一切金钱上的资助。笔记:Financial 常指涉及大规模金钱的交易Pecuniary 则更适用于个体们的私人的小规模交易Fiscal 特指国家财政事务及政策Monetary 特指 货币的造币、印制与发行photosynthesisn. 光合作用例句:In apple trees photosynthesis occurs almost exclusively in the leaves。在苹果树里，光合作用几乎完全发生在叶子上。plagiarizevt. 抄袭(剽窃，借用)例句:He have plagiarize most of the book from earlier study of the period。他那本书大部分都是从研究那个时期的著作中剽窃的内容。Whole passages of the work are plagiarized。那作品整段整段都是剽窃的。plasman. 等离子体(血浆，深绿玉髓)例句The study of the interaction of magnetic fields and electrically conducting liquids or gases, such as molten metal or plasma。磁流体动力学对磁场和导电的液体或气体，诸如熔化的金属或者等离子区之间的相互作用的研究A plasma globulin of high molecular weight。大球蛋白细胞分子中较重的血球蛋白The living material of a plant or bacterial cell, including the protoplasm and plasma membrane after the cell wall has been removed。原生质体植物细胞或细菌细胞的有生命的部分，包括原生质和去掉细胞壁后的质膜polymern. 聚合体例句:A polymer of two or more different monomers。共聚物一种由两种或多种不同单体构成的聚合物A molecule that can combine with others to form a polymer。单体可以与其他分子结合形成聚合物的分子precipitousadj. 险峻的(突然的，急躁的)例句:From a precipitous height we look at the town spread out below。我们从险峻的高处眺望铺展在下面的城镇。We have a precipitous climb to the peak。我们向着陡峭山顶攀登。quasarn. 恒星状球体，半星球体，类星球体例句:This research suggests that not all supermassive black holes were formed in the quasar era。这些研究暗示，并非所有超大质量黑洞都是在类星体时代形成。quotidianadj. 每日的，平凡的例句:Theres nothing quite like a real.train conductor to add color to a quotidian commute(Anita Diamant)没有什么能象一位现实中的火车售票员那样为日常的上下班交通线增加些色彩(阿尼塔 戴曼)recapitulatev. 重述要点，概括，摘要例句:So much for the detailed argument, I will now recapitulate。详细理由业已说完，我现在简述要旨。Let me just recapitulate (on) what weve agreed so far。让我仅扼要重述一下到目前为止我们已取得的一致意见。reciprocaladj. 相互的，互惠的数n. 倒数例句:The reciprocal of impedance。导纳阻抗的对等物Involving interchange; reciprocal。涉及交换的；相互的They have a reciprocal agreement to combat terrorism。他们有相互配合的协定，共同与恐怖主义作斗争。reparationn. 补偿，赔偿例句:They are still trying to make some sorts of atonement and reparation。他们仍在努力作出某些补偿。You must make reparation for the sorrow you have caused。你必须对所造成的伤害予以补偿笔记:preparation 去掉开头的prespirationn. 呼吸例句:Any of a class of iron-containing proteins important in cell respiration as catalysts of oxidation-reduction reactions。胞色细胞任何一类含铁的蛋白质，在细胞呼吸中作氧化反应重要的催化剂The air inhaled and exhaled in respiration。呼吸的空气在呼吸中吸入和呼出的空气German biochemist. He won a1931 Nobel Prize for research on the respiration of cells。瓦尔堡，奥托亨利希18831970德国生化学家。因其对细胞呼吸的研究而获得1931年的诺贝尔奖笔记:inspiration 激发sanguineadj. 乐天的，自信的n. 血红色例句:We are sanguine that we shall be succeeding。我们自信会成功。He is not very sanguine about our chances of success。他对我们成功的机会不太乐观。His hair was very fair, his face naturally sanguine。他头发很淡，脸色天生红润He was always so ready to be interested and always so happy, sanguine and light-hearted他总是那么体贴，那么愉快、那么乐观、那么无忧无虑soliloquyn. 独白，自言自语例句:Soliloquy could help release the press from a psychology view。从心理学角度看，自言自语可以帮助释放压力。subjugatev. 征服，使服从，抑制例句:The last foreigner to subjugate England was a Norman duke in the Middle Ages named William。最后一个征服英格兰的外国人，是中世纪诺曼公爵威廉。笔记:类似conquersuffragistn. 参政权扩大论者，妇女政权论者例句:American abolitionist and suffragist who refused to pay taxes on her familys farm because she, not having the right to vote, was not represented politically。福斯特，阿维盖尔 凯利18101887美国废奴主义者和主张扩大妇女参政权者。由于没有选举权而不享有政治代表权，她拒绝支付她家农场的捐税superciliousadj. 目中无人的，高傲的例句:The shop assistant was very supercilious towards me when I asked for some help。我要买东西招呼售货员时，那个售货员对我不屑一顾。Affecting an attitude of disdain or conceit; ha