高考英语阅读理解考点突破

Readingcomprehension 1 主旨归纳题 mainidea 2 细节理解题 questionsofdetails 3 推理判断题 questionsofinference 4 词义猜测题 wordsincontext 得阅读者 得天下 让我们一起努力 征服阅读 战胜高考 Let sconquerEnglish 最佳标题 Besttitle 该题型考查考生对文章的主题 标题 中心思想的理解程度及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力 常见题型为最佳标题 title 或中心思想 mainidea 做这类题时常用跳读法 快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句 然后把各个段落的主题句联系起来 着眼于全文结构安排了解文章的重心 这样就能概括出文章的中心 通常情况下主题句在文中的位置 干扰项的陷阱文章的标题是中心思想最精练的表达形式 1 选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文 不能太大 也不能太小2 命题者在出此类题时 往往利用生活常识编造干扰项 3 把文中的细节当主旨或只言片语 利用局部信息编造干扰项 4 编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心思想的标题来考查学生的理解程度 对选择标题类题 若遇到实在拿不太准的情况 不妨自己思考一下 如果是我写这个题目 我会怎样写 解题的小窍门 1 正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语 2 正确的选项一般不出现细节信息 不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词 3 那些概括全文 内容全面 含义深刻 说明道理的选项往往有一个正确答案 4 四个选项中 内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个正确答案 5 干扰项特点 A 概括范围太窄 只含局部信息 B 概括范围太宽 所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容 C 无关信息 即文章中未提到 或找不到语言依据的信息 解题技巧点拨1 段落中出现转折时 该句可能是主题句 2 作者有意识的重复的观点 通常是主旨 反复出现的词语 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词 3 提出文章的主旨时常伴有文字提示 如 therefore thus but however infact inshort等等 4 首段出现疑问句时 对该问题的解答就是文章的主旨 方法 跳读法 skimming 寻找title mainidea Whenitcomestofriends Idesirethosewhowillsharemyhappiness whopossesswingsoftheirownandwhowillflywithme Iseekfriendswhosequalitiesilluminate 照亮 meandtrainmeupforlove ItisforthesepeoplethatIreservetheglowinghours toogoodnottoshare WhenIwasintheeighthgrade Ihadafriend WhenIlivedforatimeinLondon Ihadafriend ForalmostfouryearsIhavehadremarkablefriendwhoseimaginationilluminatesmine ItissuchcomfortingcompanionsIwishtokeep Onebrighthourwiththeirkindisworthmoretomethanthelifetimeservicesofapsychologist 心理学家 whowillonlyfillupthehealing 愈合的 silencenecessarytothosedarkestmomentsinwhichIwouldratherbemyownbestfriend Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage A UnforgettableExperiencesB RemarkableImaginationC LifelongFriendshipD NobleCompanions 阅读下列短文或选段 从每题所给的A B C和D项中 选出最佳选项 1 2009湖北卷 WhenIwassevenmyfathergavemeaTimex myfirstwatch Ilovedit woreitforyears andhaven thadanotheronesinceitstoppedtickingadecadeago Why BecauseIdon tneedone IhaveamobilephoneandI malwaysnearsomeonewithaniPodorsomethinglikethat Allthesedevices 装置 tellthetime whichiswhy ifyoulookaround you llseelotsofemptywrists salesofwatchestoyoungadultshavebeengoingdownsince2007 考点击破 Butwhilethewisehaverealizedthattheydon tneedthem others apparentlyincludingsomedistinguishedmenofourtime arespendingtotalfortunesonthem BrandssuchasRolex PatekPhilippeandBreitlingcommandshockingprices upto 250 000forapiece Butthesedaysallwatchestellthetimeaswellasallotherwatches Sowhypaythatmuchoffiveyears schoolfeesforwatchesthatallowyoutodothesethings Watchesarenowclassifiedas investments 投资 A1994Philipperecentlysoldfornearly 350 000 while1960sRolexeshavegonefrom 15 000to 30 000plusinayear Butawatchisnotaninvestment It saamatteroffashion Butwhenfashionmoveson theownerofthat 350 000beautywillsuddenlyfindhisprideandjoyisnomoreagoodinvestmentthanmychildhoodTimex 64 Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage A TimexorRolex B MyChildhoodTimexC Watches NotforMe D Watches aValuableCollection 1 C 根据寻找主题句的第 3 个小窍门 首段出现疑问句时 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨 可知Why 后面的便是主题句 与此相符的只有选项C正确 2 2009福建卷 Wealreadyknowthefastest leastexpensivewaytoslowclimatechange Uselessenergy Withalittleeffort andnotmuchmoney mostofuscouldreduceourenergydietsby25percentormore doingtheEarthafavorwhilealsohelpingourwallets Scientistshavereportedrecentlythattheworldisheatingupevenfasterthanpredictedonlyafewyearsago andthattheconsequencescouldbesevereifwedon tkeepreducingemissions 排放 ofcarbondioxide CO2 andothergreenhousegasesthataretrappingheatinouratmosphere Wedecidedtotryanexperiment ForonemonthwerecordedourpersonalemissionsofCO2 Wewantedtoseehowmuchwecouldcutback sowewentonastrictdiet TheaverageUShousehold 家庭 producesabout150poundsofCO2adaybydoingcommon placethingsliketurningonair conditioningordrivingcars That smorethantwicetheEuropeanaverageandalmostfivetimestheglobalaverage mostlybecauseAmericansdrivemoreandhavebiggerhouses Buthowmuchshouldwetrytoreduce Tostaybelowthatpoint weneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percent hesaid Goodadvice Ithought We dgottensousedtokeepingourair conditioninggoingaroundtheclock I dalmostforgottenthewindowsevenopened Weshouldnotletthishappenagain It stimeforustochangeourhabitsifnecessary 79 Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage A SavingEnergyStartsatHomeB ChangingOurHabitsBeginsatWorkC ChangingClimateSoundsReasonableD ReducingEmissionsofCO2ProvesDifficult 2 A 由第一段基本可以判断出答案了 再结合全文内容 及最后一句可知 改变家庭生活习惯便可节能减排 Onhearingthewords Justdoit youwillknowthereisaNikeproductnearby Ifit s AlwaysCoca cola youcanbesuresomeonewantstosellyouarefreshingdrink Anadvertisingsloganistobrandwhateyesaretoaperson Thesloganhelpspeopleunderstandthebrandbetterbytellingthemwhatitwantstoselltoitscustomers Goodslogansleaveamessageinpeople sminds It salmostcertainthateverybrandhasapopularslogan Justdoit asloganthatspeaksouttoteens Ittellsthemtodosomething butonlyiftheythinkit sworthit Andifso whynotdoitwearingNike Question Whatwouldbebesttitleforthetext A JustDoIt B SloganandBrandC FamousSlogansD WhatIsaGoodSlogan Atlanta GA June20 2008 ScientistsbelievetheyhavefoundiceonMars ThePhoenixMarsLandershowedbitsofwhatappearedtobeicewhilediggingatrench 沟 neartheMartianNorthPole Piecesofbrightmaterialphotographedinthetrenchlaterdisappeared meaningtheyarelikelytohavebeenfrozenwaterthatvaporized 蒸发 afterbeinguncovered TheNASA sinvestigator 调查员 PeterSmith oftheUniversityofArizona said Theselittlepiecescompletelydisappearedoverthecourseofafewdays whichclearlymakesusbelievethatit sice Therehadbeensomequestionwhetherthebrightmaterialwassalt Saltcan tdothat ThePhoenixMarsLanderisstudyingwhetherthearcticareaoftheRedPlanetcouldbelivedin It susingitsroboticarmtodigupsomesoilandscientistshavebeenhopingitwillfindfrozenwater Question Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe A PhoenixMarsLanderB LiveonMarsC PhoenixMarsLanderdiscovers ice D Agreatstepintoouterspace Shoppingisnotassimpleasyoumaythink Thereareallsortsoftricksatplayeachtimewereachoutforthatparticularbrandofproductontheshelf Coloring forexample variesaccordingtowhattheproducersaretryingtosell Healthfoodsarepackagedingreens yellowsorbrownsbecausewethinkoftheseashealthycolors Icecreampacketsareoftenblueandexpensivegoods likechocolates aregoldorsilver Thesizeofaproductcanattractashopper Butquiteoftenabottledoesn tcontainasmuchasit appearsto Itisbelievedthatthebetter knowncompaniesspend onaverage 70percentofthetotalcostoftheproductitselfonpackaging 04广东 Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthistext A ChoiceofGoodProductsB DisadvantagesofProductsC EffectofPackagingonShoppingD BrandNamesandShoppingTricks Areyousometimesalittletiredandsleepyintheearlyafternoon Manypeoplefeelthiswayafterlunch Theymaythinkthateatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness Orinsummer theymaythinkitistheheat However therealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies Atthattime abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup yourbodytemperaturegoesdown Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy Scientistshavetestedsleephabitsinexperimentswheretherewasnonightorday Thepeopleintheseexperimentalmostalwaysfollowedasimilarsleepingpattern Theysleptforonelongperiodandthenforoneshortperiodabouteighthourslater 四川 Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext A JustforaRestB AllforanapC ASpecialSleeppatternD TakingnapsinWarmerClimate Differentculturesemphasizetheimportanceofrelationshipbuildingtoagreaterorlesserdegree Forexample businessinsomecountriesisnotpossibleuntilthereisarelationshipoftrust Talkandsilencemayalsobedifferentinsomecultures IoncemadeaspeechinThailand Ihadexpectedmyspeechtobeasuccessandstartalivingdiscussion insteadtherewasanuncomfortablesilence Inmyownculture weexpressmeaningmainlythroughwords butpeopletheresometimesfeeltoomanywordsareunnecessary EvenwithinNorthernEurope culturaldifferencescancauseseriousproblems Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldhavedifferentvalues andsometimesthesevaluesarequiteagainsteachother 安徽 Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext A MulticulturalEnvironmentB Cross CulturalDifferencesC HowtoUnderstandEachOtherD HowtoBuildupaRelationship Doyouwanttolivewithastrongsenseofpeacefulness happiness goodness andself respect Thecollectionofhappinessactionsbroadlycategorizedas honor helpyoucreatethislifeofgoodfeelings Here sanexampletoshowhowhonorableactionscreatehappiness Thereisabeautifulpositivecyclethatiscreatedbylivingalifeofhonorableactions Honorablethoughtsleadtohonorableactions Honorableactionsleadustoahappierexistence Andit s easytothinkandacthonorableagainwhenwe rehappy Whilethepositivecyclecanbedifferenttostart onceit sstarted it seasytocontinue Keepingondoinggooddeedsbringsuspeaceofmind whichisimportantforourhappiness 07广东 Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage A HowtoLiveTruthfullyB ImportanceofPeacefulnessC WaysofGainingSelf respectD HappinessthroughHonorableActions OneAugustafternoon RichardAllendroppedoffhislastpassenger Mrs Carey Liftingtwogrocerybags hefollowedheracrosstheyardandstoodonthestepofherhouse Glancingup hesawalargewasp s 黄蜂 nestundertheroof Shesteppedquicklyinside Allenranforhisminibus Toolate Ashewasdrivingdowntheroad Allenfeltasifsomethingwasburningatthebackofhisneck andthe fire wasspreadingforwardtowardhisface Milesfromthenearestmedicalassistance Allenbegantofeelhistonguethickandheavyandhisheartbeat Rushingdownthemountain Allentriednottopanic focusinghismindoneachsharp Holdon Allenthought Keepyoureyesopen Breathe Keepawake Atlasthereachedthestation Twofiremenranout Allenfelttheirhandsgrasphimbeforehehittheground Youmadeit hethought Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage A Allen AHelplessDriverB Wasps BloodyKillersC ARaceAgainstDeathD WarAgainstWasps 6 Magellan smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship MagellanwasfromPortugal buthesailedfortheKingofSpain OnSeptember20 1519 heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men AfterpassingthetripofSouthAmerica theyreachedthePacificOcean onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthe