绿色壁垒对中国农产品出口的影响分析外文翻译.doc

绿色壁垒对中国农产品出口的影响分析外文翻译 Analysis of the green trade barriers on the impact of Chinas exports of agricultural products Abstract: Chinas accession to WTO will promote the agricultural and participate in global competition, Chinas agricultural Development and also provide more opportunities for Chinas agriCulture will face enormous challenges and risks. At present, the green barriers in international Trade problem can not be avoided, agriCulture as a weak Industry is more susceptible to them. This concept of green trade barriers start with an overview of the theory of green trade barriers, then, contact the green trade barriers, Chinas agricultural exports face the status quo, analysis of Chinas agricultural trade barriers blocked the green domestic and international reasons. Finally, from our actual situation of agricultural development for the green trade barriers, both from the government and business point of view, put forward some countermeasures and suggestions may be operational? Keywords: green barriers to trade; agricultural products; green products 1, green trade barrier theory 1, the concept of green trade barriers Broadly speaking, the green trade barriers refers to a country to sustainable development and ecological Environmental protection reasons and objectives, to limit imports of foreign goods set up barriers to trade. From the narrow sense that the green trade barriers is actually a barrier to market entry refers to the importer through the establishment of strict environmental technical standards, complex Health and quarantine system or adopt green environmental label, green packaging system in order to prevent or limit the Some foreign goods imports? 2, the green basic types of trade barriers The contents of the green trade barriers, rather broad, and broadly include the following five types: 1 Green Technology standards. Green technology standards through legislative means to impose stringent mandatory environmental technical standards, restrictions on foreign standards do not meet environmental protection technology imports, restrictions on trade. These standards are based on the level of developed countries, the production level and technology developed, for developed countries, it can achieve, but it is very difficult to achieve for developing countries, and therefore will inevitably lead to products from developing countries declined in the outside the developed countries? 2 Green environmental labels. Green environmental label is a kind of product or its packaging graphics, by a government or its authorized departments in accordance with certain environmental standards issued, used to indicate the quality of the product will not only meet the standard, but also in the production, use, consumption, process that meets the environmental requirements, which do not harm human health or hazards to the environment-friendly tiny. Its basic purpose is to guide consumers of green consumption, and thus to consciously adjust the product Structure to guide enterprises to adopt clean technology? 3 green packaging system. Green packaging, also known as Friends of the environment or ecological packaging packaging. Green packaging generally refers to the eco-environment and human health, harmful, can recycling reuse and recycling or degradation corruption, promoting sustainable development packaging? 4 Green Health and quarantine system. Green Health and quarantine system is built on the basis of modern science and technology. A variety of not only extremely strict quarantine measures, but also cumbersome and complex. Based on protection of the environment and ecological resources to ensure the health of humans and animals and plants in many countries, especially developed countries, and set strict environmental and technical standards. As the national environmental and technical standards and testing methods for different target levels, as well as the arbitrary nature of the design testing of indicators, leaving environmental and technical standards may be green trade barriers? 5 Green subsidies. It refers to a kind of internalization of environmental costs of resources to reduce the effects of external Economic costs and benefits to make as much as possible in the production and operators who have a means of unification. In order to protect the environment and resources, it is necessary environmental and resource costs within the calculation of the cost, so that the internalization of environmental and resource costs, developed countries will move heavily polluting industries to developing countries, in order to reduce environmental costs, so that the development of countrys environmental costs be boosted? 3, green trade barrier characteristics and the conditions under 1 the characteristics of the green trade barriers Green trade barriers of other non-tariff barriers do not have the characteristics: First, the performance of content that has reasonable. Trade protectionists to seize the minds of consumers in order to protect human, animal life or to protect the environment and resources for the ground surface, in line with the historical trend of sustainable development, but also cater to the needs of green consumption in order to achieve its trade protectionism purpose? Second, the protected object that has broad. Green trade barriers tend to have a wide range of protection, not only the quality of the product itself, but also for the design of products from pre-production through to the final disposal of post-consumer has a limit. The expansion of trade in recent years from product to service trade, technology and trade fields, showing all-inclusive trend? Third, the protection mode that has hidden. In some countries for certain product quality, specifications, performance and safety requirements for extremely strict, cumbersome and special standards, testing procedures cumbersome and complex and constantly changing, so difficult to deal with and adapt to foreign goods. The aim is to use the name of environmental protection of the actual trade protection, so that exporters and unpredictable changes in its content and difficult to deal with and adapt to, but not easy to generate trade friction? Fourth, the development of formal legitimacy. Most non-tariff barriers are not to be provided through public legislation and implementation of the international trade of green trade barriers with a corresponding legal basis, such as 1994s Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement the TBT Agreement and the implementation of the action Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement the SPS Agreement, at the same time, countries also developed some of the concerns have their own laws and regulations, such as the 1989 United States to implement the terms of the 609? Fifth, the dynamic in nature. The green trade barriers set by developed countries, measures will be as its trading partners, the progress of economic and technological levels to adjust, making the green trade barriers and there rising trend. As in recent years, Japans quantitative indicators of inspection of imported rice has been more than 20 years, from 1993 to 2000, 104. Some countries provided that when a product has a green flag in their market share over 2096, the country marks the requirements of their environment will be improved to make adjustments? 2 the conditions to implement the green trade barriers Green trade barriers such trade protection measures, although the authorities can effectively prevent foreign goods into the domestic market, but not all countries have the conditions for the implementation of barriers. So far, the implementation of the barriers are mainly developed countries such as the European Union, Japan, the United States, affected mainly developing countries such as China. This is mainly because:green trade barriers mainly through the provision of high standards to improve drug residues in agricultural market access barriers, such as the European Unions standards of chloramphenicol residues in the provisions of 0.2-0.3ug/kg, this standard is not only our country is the European Union itself is very difficult to meet the standards? the implementation of green trade barriers to have a perfect inspection system. Only the high standard of drug residues is not enough and must be complemented by advanced testing equipment, testing techniques and detection of high-quality personnel. With advanced detection technology and equipment can increase the types of pesticides to be seized, as well as increase the imum limit standard, so that you can detect low levels of state formation barriers? Second, Chinas agricultural exports hit the green trade barriers and Analysis of Current Situation 1, Chinas agricultural exports face trade barriers in the status of the green As the worlds largest agricultural producer, China already has considerable competitiveness of agricultural products, rice, vegetables, fruits and animal products, aquatic products, tea has a greater comparative advantage. As a developing country of Chinas accession to WTO, favorable institutional conditions for China to expand exports and develop an open economy provides a broad space. However, the going out on the road is not a bright and sunny, as China has a comparative advantage in agricultural exports bear the brunt of a series of disappointments. Although in recent years, Chinas exports of agricultural products year after year high, but agricultural exports have been growing faster than total export growth rate, reason, in addition to Chinas agricultural exports are mainly primary products, other than the low value-added products, exports of agricultural products repeated the green trade barriers abroad, is another big reason? Since August 1996, the EU member states have stopped importing poultry meat from China and some aquatic products. Chinas relevant departments and enterprises with a comprehensive rectification and reform the EU laws and regulations, and in 1997 received the delegation of the European Union veterinary inspection. Delegation to investigate, report on Chinas relevant work fully affirmed, but the EU has made only three factories from China to resume imports of rabbit meats decision. In September 1998, in June 1999 and October 1999, the EU veterinary inspection delegation to China on three occasions. In May 2000, the EU announced the resolution, approved in China Shandong, Shanghai will be able to its exports of poultry, but did not approve of Chinas factory registration. 2001 EU experts to visit our animals and products of animal origin material residue monitoring system, and then to the European Commission presented a report on the monitoring system in China remains a one-sided, unrealistic inspection report, resulting in Chinas exports of frozen chicken decreased by 41%, fresh vegetables and temporary export of preserved vegetables decreased by 20% and 29%? In recent years, many importing countries is to increase Chinas exports of agricultural products for inspection, and quarantine efforts, which in turn contribute significantly to Chinas agricultural exports more difficult. Japan in 2002 in Qingdao of Chinas quarantine items broiler products increased by 10 indicators, for the test items for testing pesticide residues in vegetables by the accession to the WTO before the 4 to 46; South Korea on Chinas exports of vegetables detection of only the highest indicators of pesticide residues in when it reached 200; European Union on Chinas tea test items from the past 6 to 62 kinds of pesticide residues; According to China News reported that the U.S. is worried about the importation of pests and diseases grounds that since April 1, 2005 , the ban on the import of Chinas man-made artificial Christmas trees and other wood ornaments, the ban will affect China alone billions of dollars in exports to the United States? 2, Chinas agricultural exports face trade barriers Analysis of green So that our countrys economic development process in the waste of resources, environmental pollution, vegetation damage, soil erosion, great. Therefore, to some extent undermined the agricultural production environment, and because of health, pesticides, standards are often a result of improper farming methods failed, so that China become a big country hit the green trade barriers? 1 Chinas agricultural exports face trade barriers in the domestic green Cause Analysis Chinas weak environmental awareness, the lack of the concept of green economy. China in the process of transformation to a modern agriculture, although crop yields are rising, but because of Chinas weak awareness of environmental protection, there is no take timely and effective environmental protection measures, leading to agricultural pollution is also becoming increasingly serious. 19 various forms of pollution caused by agriculture and industry, through the surrounding environment soil, water, etc. acting on the crops, so that contamination of agricultural products, leading to the problem of vegetables, the problem food production. In addition, food processing, packaging, storage, Transportation and other facilities for backward areas, leading to serious pollution problem in the follow-up of food, causing food production and pre-contamination is not removed, follow-up to the status of pollution still exists. However, at present the United States, Germany, Japan and other developed countries have established an environmental labeling system, the International Organization for Standardization has introduced ISO14000 standard certification of its environmental management system to become enterprises around the world are important stepping stones across the green trade barriers, but did not make Chinas enterprises a positive reaction?Chinas environmental standards are too low, weak capacity of agricultural production enterprise certification. Environmental standards is related to pollution control and environmental protection standards in general. In China has national standards, using international standards and foreign advanced standards of less than 50%, a serious lack of high-tech standards. In addition, foreign standards in product Research and development phase had begun to develop, while Chinas standard-setting is relatively slow cycle is long, there is no strict criteria for constraining a serious impact on the quality of agricultural products in China. On the other hand, Chinas agricultural products to enter foreign markets, it is necessary to obtain internationally recognized and specific importing country of green certification, some companies worry that certification will reduce the price competitiveness, resulting in certification is not an active, widespread psychological luck. Such as the Green Label certification, Chinas foreign trade enterprises to obtain foreign recognition of the green flag, not only have to pay a lot of inspection, testing, evaluation and other expenses, but also a lot of money to pay the application fee and sign the certification of the use of annual fee, so that some enterprises daunting?agricultural quarantine system is not sound. Occurred in recent years from Chinas fake rice, toxic milk powder, Guan Sheng Yuan bad moon cakes to the most recent incident has been detected, Sudan I and other incidents, Sudan I had been banned a decade ago, why Also found in today exists in a large number of foods, food safety concerns in other countries, the occasion, Chinas health quarantine system are still non-existent, even more exasperating is that there are still some officials in the green light, so that Chinas agricultural producers less demanding of the quality of its products itself, which led to disruption of agricultural products abroad, the green trade barriers, so the building of Chinas quarantine system is imperative. Free Paper Download Center hi138_Comenvironmental laws and regulations are not sound law enforcement is not enough. It is precisely because of Chinas law on the normative standards of agricultural products are not perfect, was drilled in developed countries are often loopholes in our laws. At present,