cmmi-dev1.3.docx

IntroductiontoCMMIforDevelopmentVersion1.3目录第1节 介绍第2节 过程改进概念与CMMI第3节 模型组件概述第4节 模型表现形式通用目标和实践第5节 产品开发（1）第6节 项目管理第7节 项目和组织支持第8节 产品开发（2）第9节 改进基础第10节 高成熟度等级第11节 总体回顾第12节 总结Module1第一节IntroductiontoCMMIforDevelopmentVersion1.3SoftwareEngineeringInstituteCarnegieMellonUniversityPittsburgh,PA15213EstablishingtheFoundation建立基础Thiscourse此课程illustratesbenefitsofprocessimprovement展示过程改进将带来的利益introducesCMMImodelcontent(themajorfocusofthiscourse)介绍CMMI模型内容（本课程的重点）CourseObjectives课程目标Bytheendofthiscourse,youwillbeableto在课程结束，你将可以describethecomponentsofCMMImodelsandtheirrelationships描述CMMI模型的组件及它们的关系discusstheprocessareas讨论过程域locaterelevantinformationinthemodel在模型中找出相关信息TheAudienceforthisCourse此课程的学员Broadaudience学员无限制productdevelopers,processimplementers,andmanagers产品开发人员、过程实施人员、管理人员anyoneinterestedinlearningaboutCMMI所有想学习CMMI的人Noprocessimprovementexperienceorknowledgeofprocessimprovementmodelsisassumed.有无过程改进经验或过程改进模型只是均可IntroductionsandExpectations介绍与期望Participantintroductions学员自我介绍Name姓名positionandbackground职位和工作背景experiencewithprocessimprovement过程改进经验-howlong?多长时间-experiencewithothermodelsorstandards-其他模型或标准的经验expectations期望-Whatdoyouwanttogetoutofthiscourse?-你想从本课程中得到什么CourseMaterials课程教材Participantnotebook学员笔记本copiesofslides幻灯片文件exercises联系handouts其他印刷材料Schedule课程表DAY1Module1第一节Introduction介绍Module2第二节ProcessImprovementConceptsandCMMI过程改进概念与CMMIModule3第三节OverviewofCMMIModelComponentsCMMI模型组建概述Module4第四节ModelRepresentationsandGenericGoalsandPractices模型表现形式通用目标和实践Module5第五节ProductDevelopment1产品开发1第一天DAY2Module6第六节ManagingtheProject项目管理Module7第七节ProjectandOrganizationalSupport项目和组织支持Module8第八节ProductDevelopment2产品开发2Module9第九节ImprovementInfrastructure改进基础第二天DAY3第三天Module10第十节HighMaturity高成熟度等级Module11第十一节TyingItAllTogether总体回顾Module12Summary总结第十二节CourseApproach型组件，为理解和执行特定或通用实践提供指导。Thefollowingisanexampleofasubpracticefromthe“Identifyandanalyzeprojectrisks”specificpractice(SP2.2)intheProjectPlanningprocessarea:下面是项目计划过程域特定实践（SP2.2）识别和分析项目风险中一个子实践的例子3.Reviewandobtainagreementwithrelevantstakeholdersonthecompletenessandcorrectnessofdocumentedrisks.3.与相关干系人评审已记录风险的完整性和正确性，并取得他们的同意ProcessAreaComponentsWeWillBeDiscussing我们将讨论的过程域组件GenericGoals(GGs)-1通用目标-1Genericgoalsarerequiredmodelcomponentsthatdescribecharacteristicsthatmustbepresenttoinstitutionalizeprocessesthatimplementaprocessarea.通用目标是必须的模型组件，描述了制度化这些执行过程必须具备的特征Achievementofagenericgoalinaprocessareasignifiesimprovedcontrolinplanningandimplementingtheprocessesassociatedwiththatprocessarea.达到某过程域的通用目标，代表该过程域相关过程的计划和实施得到控制与改进Genericgoalsarecalledgenericbecausethesamegoalstatementappliestomultipleprocessareas.通用目标之所以称“通用”，是因为相同的目标叙述适用于多个过程域Genericgoalexample通用目标举例Theprocessisinstitutionalizedasadefinedprocess.制度化此过程使之成为一个以定义的过程GenericGoals(GGs)-2通用目标-2GenericgoalsarenumberedstartingwiththeprefixGG(e.g.,GG2).ThenumbercorrespondstothecapabilityleveloftheGG.通用目标编号以前缀GG开始（如GG2），数字代表此通用目标的能力度级别Note:WewilltalkmoreaboutgenericgoalsinModule4.注：我们将在第四节中讲述通用目标GenericPractices(GPs)-1通用实践（GP）-1Genericpracticesareexpectedmodelcomponentsthatareconsideredimportantinachievingtheassociatedgenericgoal.通用实践是期望的模型组件，被认为相关通用目标的达成是重要的Genericpracticesarecalledgenericbecausethesamepracticeappearsinmultipleprocessareas.通用实践之所以称“通用”是因为相同的实践出现在多个过程域中。Genericpracticeexample通用实践举例GP2.5:Trainthepeopleperformingorsupportingtheprocessasneeded.GP2.5：培训执行或支持此过程域所需的人员GenericPractices(GPs)-2通用实践（GP）-2GenericpracticesareoftheformGPx.ywhere通过实践以GPx.y形式出现xcorrespondstothenumberofthegenericgoal.ycorrespondstothesequencenumberofthegenericpractice.x对应通用目标的数字；y对应此通用实践的系列号Note:WewilltalkmoreaboutgenericpracticesinModule4.注：我们将在第四节中详细描述通用实践GenericPracticeElaborations通用实践的详细说明Genericpracticeelaborationsareinformativemodelomponentsthatappearafteragenericpracticetoprovideguidanceonhowthegenericpracticecouldbeapplieduniquelytoaprocessarea.通过实践详细说明是信息性模型组件，紧跟通用实践，指导通用实践如何被唯一的运用到一个过程域中。ProjectPlanningprocessareaexample:项目计划过程域为例GP2.8:MonitorandControltheProcess监控过程Examplesofmeasuresandworkproductsusedinmonitoringandcontrollingincludethefollowing:在监控过程中使用的度量和工作产品示例如下：-Numberofrevisionstotheplan计划修改的次数-Cost,schedule,andeffortvarianceperplanrevision计划修改后的成本，进度和工作量偏差-Schedulefordevelopmentandmaintenanceofprogramplans项目计划的开发和维护的进度TopicsSupportingInformativeComponents支持的信息性组件SupportingInformativeComponents支持的信息性组件TherearemanyplacesinCMMImodelswherefurtherinformationisprovided.在CMMI模型中有很多深入的帮助性信息Thisfurtherinformationisprovidedintheformofthefollowingcomponents:这些帮助性信息以以下形式出现：Examples例子References参考Notes注释Examples例子Anexampleisacomponentcomprisingtextandoftenalistofitems,usuallyinabox,thatcanaccompanynearlyanyothercomponentandprovidesoneormoreexamplestoclarifyaconceptordescribedactivity.例子是一个组件，其通常包含文档和一个条目列表，经常在一个框框里和其它组件一起，提供阐明一个概念或描述活动的一个或多个例子ProjectPlanningSP1.2example项目计划SP1.2为例Examplesofattributestoestimateincludethefollowing:估计属性示例如下:Numberoffunctions功能数Functionpoints功能点Sourcelinesofcode源代码行数Numberofpages页数References参考Areferenceisapointertoadditionalormoredetailedinformationinrelatedprocessareasandcanaccompanynearlyanyothermodelcomponent.Areferenceisaninformativemodelcomponent.参考资料是相关过程域中的附加或更详细信息的指示器，它几乎可以伴随任何的模型组建出现：参考资料是一个信息性模型组件ProjectPlanningSP2.2example项目计划SP2.2为例RefertotheRiskManagementprocessareaformoreinformationaboutidentifyingpotentialproblemsbeforetheyoccursothatriskhandlingactivitiescanbeplannedandinvokedasneededacrossthelifeoftheproductorprojecttomitigateadverseimpactsonachievingobjectives.参考风险管理过程域已获得更多信息，在风险发生前识别出潜在问题，在产品或项目的生命周期中计划和引入风险处理活动，来缓解对目标实现的负面影响Notes注释Anoteistextthatcanaccompanynearlyanyothermodelcomponent.Itmayprovidedetail,background,orrationale.Anoteisaninformativemodelcomponent.主食是文字描述刻板随意且其他的模型组件，其会提供细节、背景或基本原理，注释是一个信息性模型组件ProjectPlanningSP1.3example项目计划SP1.3为例Thedeterminationofaprojectslifecyclephasesprovidesforplannedperiodsofevaluationanddecisionmaking.项目生命周期阶段的确定，为评估与决策的计划阶段做准备TopicsRequired,Expected,andInformativeModelComponents必须的、期望的和信息性模型组件Required,Expected,andInformativeModelComponents必须的、期望的和信息性模型组件Processareacomponentsaregroupedintothreecategories.Thesecategoriesreflecthowtointerprettheprocessareacomponents.过程域组件可分为三大类。这些分类反映了过程域组件是如何理解的RequiredComponents必须的组件RequiredcomponentsareCMMIcomponentsthatareessentialtoachievingprocessimprovementinagivenprocessarea.Thisachievementmustbevisiblyimplementedinanorganizationsprocesses.必须的组件是CMMI组件中一个过程域达成过程改进必要实施的部分，这些达成必须在组织的过程中明显的实施。Goalsatisfactionisusedinappraisalsasthebasisfordecidingwhetheraprocessareahasbeenachievedandsatisfied.目标满意度是评估中用来确定一个过程域是否达到和满意的基础SpecificgoalsandgenericgoalsaretherequiredcomponentsinCMMImodels.特定目标和通用目标都是CMMI模型中必须的组件ExpectedComponents期望的组件ExpectedComponentsareCMMIcomponentsthatdescribetheactivitiesthatareimportantinachievingarequiredCMMIcomponent.期望的组件是CMMI组件中被表述为实现CMMI必须组建的重要的活动Expectedcomponentsguide期望的组建指导thosewhoimplementimprovements实施改进的人员thosewhoperformappraisals实施评估的人员SpecificpracticesandgenericpracticesaretheexpectedcomponentsinCMMImodels.特定实践和通用实践都是CMMI模型期望的组件Beforegoalscanbeconsideredtobesatisfied,eithertheirpracticesasdescribed,oracceptablealternativestothem,mustbepresentintheplannedandimplementedprocessesoftheorganization.在目标被认定已达到之前，时间或其可行的替代方案都必须在组织过程已计划和实施InformativeComponents信息性组件InformativecomponentsareCMMIcomponentsthathelpmodelusersunderstandtherequiredandexpectedcomponentsofamodel.信息性组件帮助模型使用者理解必须和期望的模型组件Examplesofinformativecomponentsincludethefollowing:信息性组件的例子如下：subpractices子实践exampleworkproducts工作产品示例genericpracticeelaborations通用实践详细说明goalandpracticetitles目标和实践的标题notes注释references参考信息ReviewingProcessAreaComponents回顾过程域组件TopicsAdditions附加信息Additions附加信息Additionsareclearlymarkedmodelcomponentsthatcontaininformationofinteresttoparticularusers.附加信息清楚的表示出模型组件，其包括特定使用者感兴趣的信息Additionscanbeinformativematerial,aspecificpractice,aspecificgoal,oranentireprocessareathatextendsthescopeofamodeloremphasizesaparticularaspectofitsuse.附加信息可以是一个帮助性材料、特定实践、特定目标或整个过程域。其扩展了模型的范围或强调模型使用的一个特性方面TopicsGlossary术语表Glossary术语表TheglossarydefinesthebasictermsusedinCMMImodels.术语表中定义了用于CMMI中的基础术语ItwasdesignedtodocumentthemeaningofwordsandtermsthatshouldhavethewidestuseandunderstandingbyusersofCMMIproducts.术语表用来记录文字和词语的意思，使CMMI产品的使用者广泛的使用和理解Definitionsoftermswereselectedbasedonrecognizedsourcesthathaveawidespreadreadership(e.g.,ISO,IEEE).术语的定义选择基于分布广泛的读者资源(e.g.,ISO,IEEE).Glossarytermexample术语举例Establishandmaintain.Create,document,use,andreviseworkproductsasnecessarytoensuretheyremainuseful.建立和维护：创建、记录、使用和必要的时候修改工作产品以确保其持续有用TopicsSummary总结Summary总结InthismodulewediscussedthecontentsoftheCMMImodeldocumentincluding在这一节中我们讨论了CMMI模型文档内容，包括：processareacomponents过程域组件specificgoalsandpractices特定目标和实践genericgoalsandpractices通用目标和实践required,expected,andinformativemodelcomponents必须的、期望的和信息性模型组件additions附加信息glossary术语表Module4:第四节ModelRepresentationsandGenericGoalsandPracticesSoftwareEngineeringInstituteCarnegieMellonUniversityPittsburgh,PA15213TopicsModelRepresentations模型表现形式CMMIModelRepresentationsCMMI模型表现形式TherearetworepresentationsinCMMImodels:CMMI模型有两种表现形式：staged阶段式continuous连续式ArepresentationinCMMIisanalogoustoaviewintoadatasetprovidedbyadatabase.CMMI的表现形式类似于数据库给出的一种查看数据的方法Bothrepresentationsprovidewaysofimplementingprocessimprovementtoachievebusinessobjectives.两种形式都提供执行过程改进的方式来实现商业目标Bothrepresentationsprovideessentiallythesamecontentandusethesamemodelcomponentsbutareorganizedindifferentways.两种形式提供的本质内容一样而且使用相同模型组件，只是有不同的组织方式ContinuousRepresentation连续式表现形式Thecontinuousrepresentationoffersaflexibleapproachtoprocessimprovement.连续性表现形式提供一种灵活改进方法Anorganizationmaychoosetoimprovetheperformanceofasingleprocess-relatedtroublespot,oritcanworkonseveralareasthatarecloselyalignedtoitsbusinessobjectives.组织或许想改进单个过程相关问题点的性能，或者集中在实现商业目标的几个关键过程域Acontinuousrepresentationalsoallowsanorganizationtoimprovedifferentprocessesatdifferentrates.连续式表现形式也可以让组织在不同级别上改进不同的过程域Therearesomelimitationsonchoices,however,becauseofthedependenciesamongsomeprocessareas.因为一些过程与之前存在依赖关系，所以选择过程域时会有一些限制ContinuousRepresentation:PAsbyCategory连续式表现方式：过程按类别划分StagedRepresentation阶段式表现形式Thestagedrepresentationoffersasystematic,structuredwaytoapproachprocessimprovementonestepatatime.阶段式表现形式提供一种系统的、结构化的方式来一步一步地进行过程改进。Achievingeachstageensuresthatanadequateimprovementhasbeenlaidasafoundationforthenextstage.完成每一个阶段确保下一个阶段有已经充分改进的基础Processareasareorganizedbymaturitylevels.过程域以成熟度级别来分类Thestagedrepresentationprescribestheorderofimplementingeachprocessareaaccordingtomaturitylevels,whichdefinetheimprovementpathforanorganizationfromtheinitialleveltotheoptimizinglevel.阶段是表现形式根据成熟度级别来描述实施每个过程域的顺序，定义了一个组织从初始级到优化级的改进路径StagedRepresentation:PAsbyMaturityLevel阶段式表现方式：过程域按成熟度划分TopicsProcessInstitutionalization过程制度化ProcessInstitutionalization过程制度化制度化意味这过程已深入到人们工作方法中：“这是我们做事的风格”。Theorganizationbuildsaninfrastructurethatcontainseffective,usable,andconsistentlyappliedprocesses.组织建立了一个基础环境，包括有效的、实用和一贯使用的过程。Theorganizationalcultureconveystheprocess.组织文化推行过程Managementnurturestheculture.管理层培育文化Cultureisconveyedthroughrolemodelsandrecognition.文化通过行为榜样和公共认知传播。Institutionalizedprocessesendureafterthepeoplewhooriginallydefinedthemhavegone.最初定义过程的人员离开之后，制度化的过程仍能持久使用TopicsGenericGoalsandGenericPractices通用目标和通用实践GenericGoalsandGenericPractices:BuildingBlocksGenericgoalsandgenericpracticescontributetoprocessinstitutionalization.通用目标和通用实践帮助实现过程制度化Thegenericgoalsandgenericpracticesarethemodelcomponentsthatprovideforcommitmentandconsistencythroughoutanorganizationsprocessesandactivities.通过目标和通用实践是模型组件，用来维护组织过程和活动执行的承诺和遵循程度GenericGoalsandInstitutionalization通用目标和制度化Thedegreeofinstitutionalizationisembodiedinthegenericgoalsandexpressedinthenamesoftheprocessesassociatedwitheachgoalasindicatedbelow.制度化的程度体现在通用目标中，通过与每个目标相关的过程名称表现，如下所示：GenericGoalsEvolve通用目标发展Eachgenericgoalprovidesafoundationforthenext.Therefore,thefollowingconclusionscanbemade:每个通用目标都是下一个的基础目标，所以可以得出以下结论：Adefinedprocessincludesandbuildsonamanagedprocess已定义的过程包含并基于已管理的过程Amanagedprocessincludesandbuildsonaperformedprocess已管理的过程包含并基于已执行的过程Aperformedprocess已执行的过程GG1:PerformedProcess已执行的过程GG1AchieveSpecificGoals实现特定目标Thespecificgoalsoftheprocessareaaresupportedbytheprocessbytransformingidentifiableinputworkproductsintoidentifiableoutputworkproducts.通过把可知的输入转化为可知的工作产出，过程支持和帮助过程域特定目标的成功实施Aperformedprocessaccomplishestheworknecessarytoproduceworkproducts.已执行的国城市开展产出工作产品必须的工作Allspecificgoalsoftheprocessareaaresatisfied.所有过程域的特定目标都实Essentialactivitiesareperformedandtheworkisaccomplished.必须的活动已经实施且工作已经完成Thedefinition,planning,monitoring,andcontrollingoftheprocessmaybeincomplete.过程的定义、计划和监控可能是不完整的Theprocessmaybeunstableandinconsistentlyimplemented.过程可能实施的不稳定和不一致GG1GenericPractices特定实践PerformSpecificPractices实施特定实践Performthespecificpracticesoftheprocessareatodevelopworkproductsandprovideservicestoachievethespecificgoalsoftheprocessarea实施此过程与的特定时间开发工作产品和提供服务，达成过程域的特定目标GG2:ManagedProcess已管理过程InstitutionalizeaManagedProcess制度化已管理过程Theprocessisinstitutionalizedasamanagedprocess.把过程制度化成为已管理过程Amanagedprocessisaperformedprocessthatisplannedandexecutedinaccordancewithpolicy;employsskilledpeoplehavingadequateresourcestoproducecontrolledoutputs;involvesrelevantstakeholders;ismonitored,controlled,andreviewed;andisevaluatedforadherencetoitsprocessdescription.一个已管理过程是一个已执行的过程，他依据政策计划和执行，使用有技能的员工，并赋予足够的资源，以产生可控的产品；纳入相关干系人；是受监督、控制和评审的；以及客观评估对过程说明的遵循程度Managementoftheprocessisconcernedwithinstitutionalizationandtheachievementofspecificobjectivesestablishedfortheprocess,suchascost,schedule,andqualityobjectives.过程管理关注制度化和特定目标的实现，包括成本、进度和质量目标GG2GenericPractices-1通用实践-1Thegenericpracticesformanagedprocessesarethesameforallprocessareas.已管理过程的通用实践在所有过程域中都一样EstablishanOrganizationalPolicy建立组织方针政策Establishandmaintainanorganizationalpolicyforplanningandperformingtheprocess.建立和维护组织政策，已计划和执行过程PlantheProcess计划过程Establishandmaintaintheplanforperformingtheprocess.建立和维护执行过程的计划GG2GenericPractices-2通用实践-2ProvideResources提供资源Provideadequateresourcesforperformingtheprocess,developingtheworkproducts,andprovidingtheservicesoftheprocess.提供充足的资源，以执行过程，开发工作产品，以及提供过程服务AssignResponsibility分派指责Assignresponsibilityandauthorityforperformingtheprocess,developingtheworkproducts,andprovidingtheservicesoftheprocess.分配职责与授权，以执行过程，开发工作产品，以及提供过程服务TrainPeople培训人员Trainthepeopleperformingorsupportingtheprocessasneeded.按过程的需要培训人员，以执行或支持过程GG2GenericPractices-3通用实践-3ControlWorkProducts控制工作产品Placeselectedworkproductsoftheprocessunderappropriatelevelsofcontrol.将过程指定的工作产品，进行适当等级的控制IdentifyandInvolveRelevantStakeholders识别并纳入相关干系人Identifyandinvolvetherelevantstakeholdersoftheprocessasplanned.按计划识别并纳入过程的相关干系人MonitorandControltheProcess监控过程Monitorandcontroltheprocessagainsttheplanforperformingtheprocessandtakeappropriatecorrectiveaction.按计划监控过程的执行，并采取适当的纠正措施GG2GenericPractices-4通用实践-4ObjectivelyEvaluateAdherence客观评价遵循程度Objectivelyevaluateadherenceoftheprocessandselectedworkproductsagainsttheprocessdescription,standards,andprocedures,andaddressnoncompliance.按照过程的说明、标准及规程客观评估过程的遵循程度，并说明不符合的情况。ReviewStatuswithHigherLevelManagement与高层管理人员评审状态Reviewtheactivities,status,andresultsoftheprocesswithhigherlevelmanagementandresolveissues.与高层管理人员评审过程的活动、状况和结果，并解决问题GG3:DefinedProcess已定义过程InstitutionalizeaDefinedProcess制度化已定义过程Theprocessisinstitutionalizedasadefinedprocess.把过程制度化成为已定义的过程definedprocessisamanagedprocessthatistailoredfromtheAorganizationssetofstandardprocessesaccordingtotheorganizationstailoringguidelines.已定义过程是一个已管理过程由组织标准过程依据裁剪指南裁剪而来的definedprocesshasamaintainedprocessdescription.A已定义过程有一个维持过程的描述definedprocesscontributesprocessrelatedexperiencestotheAorganizationalprocessassets.已定义过程贡献工作产品、度量值和其他过程改进信息到组织过程资产库Theorganizationssetofstandardprocessesisestablishedandimprovedovertime.建立组织标准过程并持续改进GG3GenericPractices通用实践Thegenericpracticesfordefinedprocessesarethesameforallprocessareas.已定义过程的通用事件对所有过程域都一样EstablishaDefinedProcess建立已定义过程Establishandmaintainthedescriptionofadefinedprocess建立和维护已定义过程的说明CollectProcessRelatedExperiences收集过程相关信息Collectprocessrelatedexperiencesderivedfromplanningandperformingtheprocesstosupportthefutureuseandimprovementoftheorganizationsprocessesandprocessassets.收集来源于过程的计划和执行过程相关的信息，支持未来的使用和组织过程和过程资产库的改进SummarizingGenericGoalsandPractices通用目标和实践总结TopicsApplyingGenericPractices运用通用实践ApplyingGenericPractices运用通用实践Allprocessareashavegenericpracticesthatapplytothem.所有过程域都有通用实践Genericpracticesensuresustainabilityofthespecificpracticesintheprocessesovertime.通用实践确保了过程中特定目标的可持续性Forexample,GP2.2,“Establishandmaintaintheplanforperformingtheprocess,”whenappliedtoProjectPlanning,ensuresthatyouplannedtheactivitiesforcreatingtheplanfortheproject.例如：GP2.2“建立和维护实施过程的计划”当运用到项目计划过程域中，确保了你计划了建立项目计划的活动TopicsSummary总结Summary总结TherearetworepresentationsinCMMImodel,stagedandcontinuous.CMMI模型有两种表现形式，阶段式和连续式CMMIsupportstwoimprovementpaths:CMMI支持两种改进路径：incrementallyimprovingprocessescorrespondingtoindividualprocessareas对单个的过程域做渐进式改进improvingasetofrelatedprocessesbyincrementallyaddressingsuccessivepredefinedsetsofprocessareas对有前后顺序的一直相关过程域做渐进的改进Institutionalizedprocessesaremorelikelytoberetainedduringtimesofstress.在困难时期，制度化的过程也能得到维持实施。Degreeofinstitutionalizationisembodiedinthegenericgoalsandexpressedthroughthepracticesassociatedwitheachgenericgoal.制度化的程度体现在通用目标中，通过每个通用目标的相关事件来表现。TopicsExercise2:ProcessImprovementGoals过程改进目标Exercise2练习2Task任务Followthedirectionsinthe“ProcessImprovementGoals”exercise.根据联系“过程改进目标”指导开展ExpectedOutcome期望结果Participantshaveanopportunitytoidentifyanddiscusstheirprocessimprovementgoals.参与者有机会识别和讨论他们的过程改进目标Module5:第五节ProductDevelopment1SoftwareEngineeringInstituteCarnegieMellonUniversityPittsburgh,PA15213TopicsThePresentationOrderofProcessAreas过程域的介绍顺序ThePresentationOrderofProcessAreasinthisCourse过程域的介绍顺序TheCMMIforDevelopmentmodelorganizestheprocessareasinalphabeticalorderbyacronym.CMMI开发模型中的过程与根据缩写按首字母表顺序排列Therea