高考英语语法填空解题技巧与练习(1).doc

语法填空训练：共21页高考英语语法填空解题技巧与练习（教师用）语法填空的考查范围：1 语境(上下文）；2 语法：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词 固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。语法填空的能力要求：1.阅读/理解语篇的能力2.分析句子结构的能力3.熟练运用语法的能力4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等，对中下层考生来说，难度较大。命题揭密如: 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。The Internet has become part of young peoples life. _1_ report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet . Most of them get _2_ (use) information on the Internet _3_ use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students dont use it _4_ a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites _5_ shouldnt look at. So bad things may happen _6_ students spend too much time on the Internet. _7_ is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook, _8_ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice. Some students also make _9_ on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face _10_ (meet) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place.1. A .从下文中可以看出这是一个报道表明,前文还没有出现,无须特指.考查冠词的用法.2. useful. 提示词use有名词和动词的词性，在这里是要一个形容词修饰imformation.考察词性的判定和转化。3. and. 从这个句子要表达的意思来看get 和 use是并列的谓语动词。4. in . 固定搭配，in a way 表示用某种方法。5. they. 这是一个省略了that/which 的定语从句，从句子成分来看，此句缺乏主语，是用来修饰websites,而关系代词在定语从句种作宾语，故省略，填they来作从句中的主语。6. if .从上一句话承接下来的一个结果，但用了情态动词may,此空应该填连词来引导一个条件状语从句。7. It. 形式主语it代替真正的主语-不定式to use the Internet.8. which. 通过句子分析法可以知道这是一个非限制性的定语从句。9. friends. 由语境，下文中online friends推断出make friends 这个短语。10. meeting . 提示词meet虽有名词词性，但have a meeting是习惯搭配。怎么考语法填空这种题型的显著特点是将语言知识或语法知识放在语篇中进行考察.两种题型纯空格题用括号中所给词填空考什么1)纯空格题：通常考 _冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。一个空格只能填 个单词2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考 _动词,形容词和副词的比较等级,词类转换等。一个空格可以填 一到多个单词解题高招1. 通读全文，把握大意。既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。2. 结合语境，试填空格。读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。考点一：冠词 考点分析 无提示词 名词之前1.There once were a goat and a donkey. So the farmer killed 40_ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 2.When I see a child under this kind of pressure, I think of Tom. He was 35_ shy , nervous boy. 3. Years later, one day I got _ call from an unknown mumber.考查语法点: 定冠词,不定冠词的用法练习1 Hes _ amazing singer, a music video director, a business owner and he 2 One way that Americans do this is with _ firm hand shake.3 This is _ law of Americansof all successful people.4. hour honest boy_ 8-year-old boy X-ray photo考点二：介词1. The girls asked if they could wait me at the supermarket door. 2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. 3. She found some good quality schoolbags sale. 4. He was very tired the boring job.5. He had a hard life any contact(联系）with his family for years.考点分析 无提示词：注意搭配问题与名词搭配构成介宾短语与不及物动词搭配构成动词短语与形容词搭配构成形容词短介词语考查语法点: 的基本用法及惯用搭配基础知识回顾搭配名词under the tree in the forest with your help 搭配动词look at listen to compete in搭配形容词different from similar to famous for考点三：代词 考点分析 无提示词 作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格 it用作形式主、宾语,特殊句式等1.So I went to the cash machine, took some cash and gave _ to the girls.2.Several more excellent concerts will be held next month. we can attend all of _ . 3. My parents told me not to be angry with Mr. Miller because _ was in difficulties.4. doesnt matter who you are.解题技巧因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词。考点四：连词 考点分析 无提示词 两个主谓结构连接 并列连词和从属连词 1.I once met a young man seemed tired and in pain on my way home. With a smile, he asked I could lend him some money.2. It was a vey comfortable and peaceful town next to the sea, was surrounded(环绕）by fields and mountains.3. When I came back, Mr. Miller said ,“Sorry, I have no money, I can do something for you.” He played a CD for me. Hearing the beautiful music, I was so interested in it I forgot the money and did the work happily. At last, Mr. Miller gave me a ticket to a concert.解题技巧(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and, or, but等。(2)若两个句子之间，没有句号或分号，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。 根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连接词。重点复习：掌握句子的基本结构首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构：（1） 主语+谓语（+宾语+宾补）（2） 主语+系动词+表语其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类：（1） 充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。（2） 充当谓语的一定是动词。（3） 充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。（4） 在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。（5） 作状语的典型词类是副词。再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类：（1） 用and,but,or,while(而，却)，when（就在这个时候）等构成并列句。（2） 用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that等构成含状语从句的复合句（这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句，复合句是包含在复杂句这个概念里面的,在下文的基础写作部分有提到）。（3） 用who,which,that,when,where,why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。）（4） 用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。解题方法：用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空.分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。在解答语法填空题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向，若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形，结合语境方面要特别注意短文的时态和上下文中的一些提示。下面是一些基本语法的解析，结合以往的一些单项选择考题作为理解之用(加深对基础语法的理解,对各个部分都有指导作用)：一、动词(谓语/非谓语) 主要考查的知识点：每年必考的考点，主要从以下几个角度来命题：习惯性用法。测试语境中动词的词义辨析；测试一些习惯用语中的动词；测试一些系动词。下列动词组成的短语：break，carry，come，get，give，go，look，pick，send，set，take，turn。英语词组的深层含义挖掘、多种含义拓宽也是当今考题的一个热点。每年的高考英语科考试大纲中虽列出了单词和词组，但并未注明其具体的含义，这就给命题者留下了自由的伸缩空间。所以在复习时，不能拘泥于其在教材上的含义，要大胆地对其深层含义进行挖掘。如：go out便可挖掘出以下含义：出去；出国；发出去；贴出去；出去参加社交活动；离家出去工作；压塌；（火）熄灭；过时；死去；消失；辞职；下台；结束；罢工等。（在完形填空中多加注意）1. Ms Chen (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. （广州一模）2. I was certain she would like it because I (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. （广州一模）3. The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom,_ (change) to the library at the last minute. .(广州二模) 4.I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _ (break) his finger. （深二模）5.The child, Nicole Hobson, (take) by her mother to Childrens Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check （汕头二模）6.A transit spokesman said the driver should (make) radio call to the control center for help. （汕头二模）7.An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that (encourage) students to study abroad. （茂名二模）8.One of them was a visitor, saying he wouldnt have been there if he _ (watch)the weather forecast the day before. (梅州二模)9. We must also consider the reaction of the person (receive) the gift. （广州一模）10 With the problem (solve), I felt proud of my achievement. .(广州二模)11 I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_ (complete) the rest. .(广州二模)12. There, (place) neatly beside the empty dish ,were two nickels and five penniesher tip! （深一模）13. ( compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%. （茂名二模）14. Storms swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday, _(destroy) homes and other buildings and injuring(梅州二模)15We must practise speaking and (write) the language whenever we can. 16but it is not enough only (memorize) rules from a grammar book. （佛山一模）17. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything _ (present) to him without any effort on his part. （东莞一模）Keys: 1. has taught / has been teaching /had taught /had been teaching 2. was told/ had been told 3. was changed 4. had broken 5. was being taken 6. have made 7. encourages 8. had watched 9. receiving 10. solved 11. to complete12. placed 13. compared 14. destroying 15. writing 16. to writing 17. presented二、名词主要考查的知识点：名词的用法,语境中词性的判断，词的转化。在语法填空题中常出现给一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空，重点复习：掌握名词单复数的变化规律以及与相近语法的关系（名词单复数的使用受冠词、数词和主谓一致等语法的制约，因此复习名词单复数时，应注意分析名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语情况，还应注意主谓一致问题）。熟悉、区别可数不可数（英语中有些名词有时为可数名词，而有时又是不可数名词，其区别由各自不同的用法而定，这是名词可数性用法的难点）。如：work 工作，不可数名词；著作 作品，可数；工厂 作坊，可数；工程 工事，可数。掌握名词所有格的表示方法和名词作定语的用法，特别注意 else的所有格、双重所有格的用法。【例7】The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _ of 60 miles.A. length B. distance C. way D. space【答案】B【解析】本题考搭配，from at a distance of.从的距离。选 B。三、形容词/副词主要考查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。重点复习：形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。（形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词）两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。比较级的程度修饰语（much，very much，a lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，still，a bit，a little，rather，any，数词，倍数，分数，百分数等）。易混副词的辨析。如：specially /especially/ particularly等。 1. One of the (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. （广州一模）2. Many other actors are _ _ (badly)off than me at present,(惠州一模)3. In 2006, over 40,000 overseas students came back, with 33,000 of them being self-fund students, 20% than the year before. （茂名二模）Keys: 1. worst 2 worse 3. more四、名词，形容词，副词，词形变化或者词性变化给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。1 Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I decided to get her a present. (广州一模)2. (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes to complete the rest. (广州二模) 3. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit (patience). （深一模）4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said (rude). （深一模）5. I dont know if he placed the poem next to the failing grade to _ (soft) the blow, but it work. （深二模）6. I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. (惠州一模)7. you have done well and made great achievement in the _ (entertain) field. (惠一模)8. These people have made great (contribute) to China with their work.（茂名二模）9. to check her (recent) inserted (插入) pacemaker. （汕头二模）10The tornadoes damaged several_(new) built buildings,(梅州二模)11Numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). It can help children become creative(四校联考)12 they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _ (excite) football match. （东莞一模）Keys: 1. appreciation 2. Fortunately 3. impatient 4. rudely 5. soften 6. misunderstand 7. entertainment 8. contributions 9. recently 10. newly 11.beneficial 12.exciting十一、特殊句型（或固定短语） 考查对固定结构（短语）的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查语法。 1.It was not long the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table.2. was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG! （广州一模）3. So careless was I _ I had forgotten all about that. （深二模）4.as a matter of _ , you have done well and made great achievement(惠州一模)5When Carettson, 29, a passenger, was trying to bring Nicoles life（汕头二模）6. The child was stricken about a mile away the hospital. （汕头二模）Keys: 1. before 2. It 3. that 4. fact 5. back 6. from十二、定语从句的引导词 主要考查的知识点：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择，非限制性定语从句，由 whose，where，when，that，as和“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句是高考的热点。复习重点：when引导的定语从句。where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句、表语从句的区别。which引导非限制性定语从句时（句子作先行词）和并列句的区别。as引导的定语从句“such.as、the same.as”，以及和目的 结果状语从句的辨别。分隔式定语从句的识别。能够区别定语从句和同位语从句。【例10】Ill never forget the days _ I lived in the factory with the workers，_ is a great help to my article.A. that；which B. when；which C. which；that D. when；who【答案】B 【解析】第一空后的分句中的谓语动词是不及物动词 live，其后不需要宾语，只需要作状语的关系副词，故第一空用 when；而第二个句子是对前面整个句子进行说明，因此用 which。故答案为 B。必须根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断，从而补出引导词，这本身就是考查逻辑思维能力。 1.The exam, was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(广州二模)2 Then I went to the department store I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. （广州一模）3. It was a poem about me, _ included the time （深二模）4. At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students _came back to China after study. （茂名二模）5. More and more Chinese students go abroad for study, is supported by the Chinese government. （茂名二模）Keys: 1. which 2. where 3. which 4. who 5. which十三、状语从句 主要考查的知识点：时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。重点复习：时间状语从句，尤其是 as，since，while，when，before，until等连接词。when / where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。让步状语从句的倒装。与非谓语动词作状语的区别和转化。【例11】After the war，a new school building was set up _ there has once been a theatre.A. that B. where C. what D. who【答案】B 【解析】这是 where引导的状语从句，不能将其视为定语从句，因为没有先行词。十四、名词性从句主要考查的知识点：名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。重点复习：whether，if和 that的区别。that从句和 wh- 从句的区别。wh- 引导的名词性从句不含疑问意义，相当于一个名词后加定语从句。如：The book is where you left it just now.连接代词和连接副词的选择。【例12】Excuse me，but can you tell the way to this small town？It depends on you go. There are several ways of getting there. A. where B. how C. when D. whether【答案】B 【解析】本题主要考查几个不同的疑问词引导名词性从句时意义上的区别。乍一看，本题四个选项都符合空白处的句意。但看完题目的最后一句话中的信息后方可判断应该是“怎样走”。故答案为 B。十五、 时态、语态主要考查的知识点：动词的时态、语态是每年的必考点，也是历年高考重点考查的项目，通常考 2 3个小题。重点考查的是现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、将来完成时、完成进行时等，多和语态一起考查；且通常以对话的形式出现且常出现两种时态混合在一起进行比较。时态理解不准确是考生常见的错误。把握住命题人的意图是至关重要的。一般来说，命题人在考查时态这个内容时总是设置一个语言情景来实现，所以理解语言情景是关键，同时要在这个语言环境里找到动作发生的时间或隐含的时间关系，只要理解了情景与动作的时间关系，对照选项，就不难把握命题意图。注意不要断章取义，同时还要注意时态一致。重点复习：一般现在时和一般过去时的区别。现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。一般过去时同过去完成时的区别。一般现在时和现在进行时以及一般过去时同过去进行时的区别。“系动词 + 过去分词”的用法。如：get paid；remain covered；look lost等形式的用法。进行时态的被动语态及主动表被动的用法。【例13】What were you up to when your parents came in？I _ for a while and _ some reading.A. was playing；was going to do B. played；did C. had played；was going to do D. had played；did【答案】C 【解析】play动作在 came之前，所以用过去完成时态，而 do some reading的动作则即将开始。【例14】Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wouldnt have time to before the party.A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change【答案】A 【解析】本题考查“连系动词 + 过去分词”的用法。答案为 A。十六、 非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要考查的知识点：非谓语动词每年必考，通常考 1 3小题，主要考查v -ing、不定式作宾语的区别。非谓语动词作宾补的区别。非谓语动词作状语的区别。非谓语动词作定语时的区别。非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。（注意：多次模拟试题的语法填空中都有考到非谓语动词。）重点复习：识别非谓语动词在句中的成分，不定式、v -ing形式、过去分词各自所作的成分是不同的。识记哪些动词只能接不定式作宾语，哪些动词只能接动名词作宾语，哪些动词接不定式或动名词作宾语没有太大区别，哪些动词接不定式和动名词作宾语区别很大，哪些动词接带 to的不定式作宾语补足语，哪些动词接不带 to的不定式作宾语补足语。(stop,forget,remember,regret.etc.)have、 get 、make等动词所接的宾语补语的选用。非谓语动词作状语和状语从句的联系和区别。熟悉解题方法。解此类题时，可用“三步曲”：首先要根据语法知识弄清句子结构，看选项作何成分，结合搭配和句式习惯确定是何种非谓语动词形式；第二步，根据非谓语动词所表示的动作与句子谓语的动作发生的先后确定用何种非谓语动词的时态；第三步，按照非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系确定语态，如果逻辑主语不是句子的主语，那就可判断要么是状语从句，要么是独立主格结构。【例15】Mark often attempts to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A. having been fined B. to be finedC. to have been fined D. being fined【答案】D 【解析】escape后须接动词 - ing形式，而句子主语为 fine的承受者，故用被动式。attempt和 fine之间并无先后关系，因此不能用完成时态。故答案为 D。十七、 倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构及其他主要考查的知识点：从历届高考题可以看出，高考并没有完全放弃测试语言形式。语言知识这类的题目，尤其是强调和倒装两部分，在语法填空中有考查到强调句和it作形式主语that引导主语从句的辨析。从试题分析来看，加大知识类题目的结构复杂程度和句意理解难度，注重知识类题目的情景化是近几年高考命题的趋势。重点复习：考查知识之间的相互交叉的现象，加强综合考查语法知识的力度应该是这一内容命题的新趋势。it形式主语和 there be句型的结合。强调句和定语从句的结合。情态动词和反意疑问句的结合。祈使句和反意疑问句的结合。主谓一致和时态语态的结合。独立主格结构、平行结构和从句的结合。【例20】I failed in the final examination last term and only then _ the importance of studies.A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realized【答案】D 【解析】这是一道倒装和时态结合考查的题目。only then位于句首，句子应进行部分倒装。“意识到”的动作是指“过去某时的动作”，而不是指 failed之前的动作。所以答案为 D。【例21】The teacher，with 6 girls and8 boys of her class，_ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. Was B. were C. had been D. would be【答案】A 【解析】这是一道时态和主谓一致交叉考查的试题。with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class补充说明 the teacher，谓语动词的数应和 the teacher保持一致。因事情发生在地震的时候，谓语动词应用过去进行时。故答案为 A。十八、 语法填空专练（8篇）语法填空专练一In the small towns of the United States in the 1 (nineteen) century, the general store was 2 everyone bought the things he couldnt make 3 grow at home. What the stores sold 4 (tell) a great deal about 5 life at that time. People bought tools that they needed for farm work; salt, sugar and 6 foods that the farm didnt produce; articles of clothing that they couldnt make 7 ; shirts for the men; or clothes for the children. Life was simple then. One feels that people were 8 (thank) for what they had and that they looked 9 with courage to whatever the future brought. It would be interesting to know how they would feel about the life today. Would it seem to them that life is too complex? Would they enjoy 10 (live) a life as we do now?语法填空专练二Do you feel 1 difficult to be happy all the time? Now Ill give you some tips 2 how to make yourself happy. One way is being 3 (self) because unselfishness is the key factor 4 (require) if you want to get along well with others. By 5 (say) being unselfish we mean we 6 not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. Another way is to look for good points in 7 people. Youll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy. Third, you can not expect to be too perfect, 8 dont be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everything will be OK if you try to make things right. Finally, it is important to remember that while you are not 9 (bad) that others, chances you have may not be much better. In this case, 10 surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people.语法填空专练三We may be very 1 (ple