Traffic-Technology-Drives-to-Clear-the-Road交通技术让道路畅通无阻.docx

Traffic Technology Drives to Clear the Road交通技术让道路畅通无阻The worlds leading traffic technology scientists will meet in Paris this week to find a way of easing congestion on the roads and developing the auto mated highways of the 21st century. 世界权威的交通技术专家本周将在巴黎聚会，商讨解除道路拥塞和发展21世纪自动公路的问题。Nearly 2,000 delegates are expected to attend the Four-day event,which begins on WednesdayIt will be addressed by Dr Brian Mawhinney，the transport secretary，as well as the heads of several Car companies大约有2000名代表要参加这次将在星期三召开的为期四天的会议。交通大臣Dr.BrianMawhinney和几个汽车公司的头脑将发表讲话。 Among the technologies on show will be vehicle-to-roadside communication links to provide drivers with up to date traffic information；in-ground and overhead sensors that monitor the level and volume of traffic；low-cost satellite receivers that allow drivers to pinpoint their position anywhere on earth；and in-vehicle navigation systems able to guide drivers along the least congested streets参展的技术有：为驾驶员提供最新的交通咨讯的车辆与路边通讯的联接装置；监视交通状况和流量的地下和高架的传感器；为驾驶员提供他们在地球任一地点的准确定位的廉价的卫星接受器；及能够引导驾驶员选择最畅通道路的车内导航系统。 “This will be the first event of its kind where the worlds leading transport researchers will be able to discuss new technological developments with road user groups and highway authorities，”says Eric Sampson，chairman of the main organizing committee,and deputy chief scientist at the Department of Transport in LondonEricSampson,伦敦交通部首席科学家代表和本次会议总组织委员会主席说：“这将是世界上顶级交通专家与道路使用人员和公路管理当局首次一同讨论新技术的发展问题。所讨论的技术包括可以马上实施的现成技术，以及在近几年内可以实施的其它技术，还有下一世纪将要制造出的“完全的自动汽车”所要更未来的系统技术。 The technologies under discussion include systems that are ready for implementation，others that will be introduced within a few years,and more futuristic systems that will be used in the next century to create fully automatic cars讨论的技术包括系统，准备实施，其他人将推出的几年内，和更多的未来系统将在下个世纪创造的全自动车。 Road tolling technology is a top priority，especially in BritainSeveral systems will be tested as part of the electronic tolling trials starting on the M3 motorway near Basingstoke next springAs well as debiting drivers for using the roads，the same tolling technology could be used to cut traffic道路收费技术是最优先的技术，在英国更是如此。明年春天（nextspring）在Basingstoke近的M3高速公路上作为电子收费试验的一部分，将进行几个系统技术的测试。就象向道路的使用司机收费一样，同样是收费技术但它可以降低交通拥挤。 The systems to be shortlisted by the Department of Transport in the next few months will use microwave sensors on overhead gantriesor cellular mobile phone links to detect every vehicle travelling on theroad and then debit a smart card on its windscreen在接下来的几个月里由交通部选定的候选技术将在跨路钢架使用微波传感器-或移动通讯联接-来检测在路上行驶的每一台车辆，然后从贴在车辆挡风屏上的智能卡上收取相关费用。 Once in place, the same communication links could be used to send other useful information between vehicles and the roadside，bringing the smart highway closer to reality For instance，a trial in Portugal enables drivers to book a parking space in the center of Lisbon while they are still driving along an approach road只要此项技术得以实施，此项通讯连接也可以用于传递车辆和路旁间其它有用的信息，使得智能公路更接近于现实。例如，葡萄牙所进行的一项试验使司机可以在驶往的路上预定里斯本市中心的停车位。 In-vehicle route-guidance systems are already coming into useIn Japan，more than 500000 cars have a route,guidance system on their dashboardsIn Britain，guidance systems made by Sony，Panasonic，Philips and Bosch are expected to be available from1996车内路线导航系统已经开始使用了。在日本，多达50万辆车在其仪表板上有车内路线导航系统；在英国，由Sony、Panasonic、Philips和Bosch公司制造的导航系统有望在96年上市销售。With the more advanced versions，a comprehensive digitized road map of the country is stored on a CD-ROM in the car boot and contains the location of every known road，junction and tourist attraction随着技术的不断改进，储存于CDROM内，放在汽车后盖里的更综合的国家数字地图将会出现，它将含有每一条所知道的道路、交叉路口和旅游胜地的信息。Drivers simply input their destination (using a simple Qwerty or touch-pad keyboard) before beginning their journey，and follow directional arrows on a small screen as they drive司机只要在开始他的行程前使用(QWERTYkeyboardn.计标准键盘，英文键盘)标准键盘或触摸式键盘输入目的地，遵循小屏幕上的方向箭头的指引驾驶就可以了。 As each system also receives live traffic updates from a special radio channel or roadside-to-vehicle cellular communication link. vehicles will automatically be routed along the least congested roads由于每一个系统也能从特殊的广播频道或路旁-与车移动通讯系统接受不断更新的实况交通信息，车辆可以自动选择最畅通的路线行驶。 In the long term，cars will be designed to communicate directly with the highwaysVolvo has demonstrated a system in which speed limit signs on the roadside are able to take over a cars controls and reduce the vehicles speed automatically从长远的观点上看，车辆将被设计成可以与公路直接交换信息。Volvo公司已展示了一个系统，它使路旁的速度限制信号可以自动地控制汽车，降低车速。 Meanwhile，directional and hazard warning systems will also be displayed on dashboard screens in the future as well as on the roadside同时，方向和危险警告系统也将出现在未来的仪表盘和路旁的标志盘上。 Once these and related technologies are in use more advanced roadside-to-vehicle communications should become the normIt may not be too long before all vehicles heading in the same direction could be linked electronically只要这些和相关的技术得以应用，更先进的路-车通讯系统会成为一种报纸配置。所以同向行驶的车辆按电子控制队列方式行驶的日子也许不会太远了。 For instance long distance drivers would register their intended destination with a control center and then be placed in an electronic convoy of vehicles all going the same way-a concept known as road-trains例如，长途司机可以向控制中心登记他们的目的地，然后被安排在所有同向行驶的电子车队里-这就是公路列车的概念。 “The most likely system is to use a dedicated motorway lane for,such purposes,”says Sampson，adding that as the basic technology has been demonstrated in America, full-scale trials of this smart highway could begin in Britain before the end of the decadeSignificantly, as each vehicle will travel only a few meters behind the vehicle ahead, the main benefit is that there will be a substantial saving of road space there by allowing more vehicles on to the carriagewaySampson说：“这个系统最有可能的形式是为此项目的设置特定的快车道”，作为在美国已经展示的基本技术的补充，这种智能公路的大规模试验有望在本年代末（thedecade）的英国进行。值得注意的是由于每一台行驶的车辆间的距离仅有几米，最大的好处是道路空间的真实节约-这可以使在车道上行驶更多的车辆。 However，the Success of these futuristic schemes depends largely on the political will of governmentsIn Sweden，the national highway authority is SO keen to develop and test traffic technologies it has established a dedicated research site near Gothenburg尽管如此，这些未来计划的实现在很大程度上取决与政府的政治意愿。在瑞典，国家公路当局对发展和测试交通技术非常热心，在（Gothenburg）已经建立了一个专用的研究地点。In Britain，by contrast，the Department of Transport has been criticized by the leading developers of traffic technology systems for not providing adequate funding or support for