人教版非谓语动词语法讲义-最新版.doc

Jamie English Center 高中语法 非谓语动词 1 什么 非谓语就是指不能做谓语的动词 非谓语动词包括不定式 动名词 现在分词和过去分词 一 不定式 基本构成 to 动词原形 否定 not never 不定式 动词不定式的一些形式变化 以do为例 用法 A 做主语 1 放句首 To see is to believe 眼见为实 没有准时到哪里是我的错 2 为使句子保持平衡 常用it做形式主语 将to do放在位于之后 B 做宾语 1 跟在动词后面 wish 希望 hope 希望 plan 计划 expect 期待 等 2 跟在形容词后面 able afraid angry anxious careful clever content cruel determined disappointed eager等 C 做宾补 不定式可以在 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 句型中充当宾语补足语 在这一句型中 宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语 形式 1 谓语动词 sb sth to do sth advise allow ask beg cause expect encourage force等 我们决不允许这样的事情再发生 2 省略to 1 feel see watch observe hear notice 我昨天听到他们在唱歌 I heard them sing yesterday 2 make let have 他希望做什么就让他做好了 D 做状语 不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的 结果 原因 条件等 1 表示目的 我省钱为了买一台电脑 I m saving money to buy a computer 2 表示结果 My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China Only to do sth 表示出乎意料He got to the station only to find the train had gone 3 表示原因 I am very glad to see you 4 表示条件 To have a talk with him you would like him 5 表程度 He was too excited to say a work He is old enough to go to school E 做表语 他的愿望是做一个老师 F 做定语 1 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点 工具等 不定式后面需要相应的介词 The Browns have a comfortable room to live in 但是 不定式所修饰的名词如果的time place或way时 不定式后面的介词习惯省去 He had no place to live in 2 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者 不定式既可以是主动语态 也可用被动语态 但是含义略有不同 Have you got anything to send Have you got anything to be sent 二 动词ing 构成 V ing 否定 not V ing 用法 A 做主语 Seeing is believing B 做宾语 a 只能 ing做宾语的 只接动词 ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有 admit 承认 appreciate 感谢 avoid 避免 consider 考虑 delay 耽误 dislike 讨厌 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅 fancy 想象 feel like 想要 finish 完成 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 cannot help 情不自禁 imagine 形象 include 包括 keep 保持 resist 抵制 mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 错过 risk 冒险 put off 推迟 practice 练习 b ing 和 不定式都可以做宾语的动词 有些动词 如 hate love prefer等 后面接动词 ing形式或不定式区别不是很大 They prefer spending to spend their summer vacation in Dalian 有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语 但意义上有所不同 1 forget forget to do forget doing 典型例题 The light in the office is still on Oh I forgot A turning it off B turn it off C to turn it off D having turned it off 2 stop stop to do stop doing 典型例题 She reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path A to have rested B resting C to rest D rest 3 remember forget regret remember to do remember doing 记着放学后去趟邮局 你不记得以前见过那个人吗 典型例题 You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well now I regret that A to do B to be doing C to have done D having done 5 try try to do try doing 你可要多加小心 我试着种果木花卉 但未成功 6 go on go on to do go on doing 做完数学后 他接着去做物理 7 mean to doing to do mean to do mean doing I mean to go but my father would not allow me to To raise wage means increasing purchasing power 8 begin start doing to do 1 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时 使用doing 你几岁时开始弹钢琴 how old were you when you first started playing the piano 2 begin start用进行时时 后面动词用不定式to do 我开始生起气来 I was beginning to get angry 3 在begin start 后接know understand realize这类动词时 常用不定式to do 我开始明白真相 I begin to understand the truth 9 can t help to do sth 不能帮助做某事 Can t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 c 介词后面加动词 ing Jason aims at becoming an astronaut Please excuse me for being late We like his way of teaching English C 做宾补 动词 ing形式可以在see hear notice watch observe find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语 和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语 We heard the children shouting upstairs I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car D 做状语 动词 ing形式可以作状语 修饰动词 在句中表示时间 原因 结果 条件 让步 行为方式或伴随情况等 动词 ing形式作时间 原因 条件 让步状语时多位于句首 作结果 伴随情况状语时常位于句末 1表示时间 Seeing those pictures she remembered her childhood 2表示原因 Not knowing his address I can t send this book to him Being ill he didn t go to school yesterday 3表示结果 His father died leaving him a lot of money 4表示条件 Going straight down the road you will find the department store 5表示让步 Knowing all this they made me pay for the damage 6表示行为方式 伴随情况或补充说明 He lay on the grass staring at the sky for a long time E 做表语Seeing is believing F 做定语 动名词 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能 a reading room 阅览室 running shoes 跑鞋 a working method 工作方法 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态 在意思上接近一个定语从句 可以表示正在进行的动作 也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态 developing countries 发展中国家 an ordinary looking house 看起来很普通的房子 三 动词 ed 构成 动词 ed 否定 not never 动词 ed 动词 ed形式只有一种形式 即传统语法中的过去分词 绝大部分的动词 ed形式由动词原形扣 ed构成 也有一些动词 ed形式是不规则的 用法 A 做表语 动词 ed形式在系动词后作表语 说明主语的状态 The students are fully prepared When we got there the shop was closed B 做宾补 在感觉动词see hear feel notice watch find等后作宾语补足语 I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night 在使役动词get have make leave keep等后作宾语补足语 动词 ed形式作get的宾语补足语 Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital 动词 ed形式作make的宾语补足语 He raised his voice in order to make himself heard 动词 ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语 They all went home leaving all the work undone The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night C 做定语 动词 ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类 前置定语 单个动词 ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前 作前置定语 A broken window has been cleaned out 后置定语 作后置定语的动词 ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分 在语法上相当于一个定语从句 We have read many novels written by this author that are written by this author 动词 ed形式作定语和 ing形式作定语的区别 动词 ed形式作定语表示动作已完成 而动词 ing形式作定语表示动词正在进行 the risen sun 升起了的太阳 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 boiled water 开水 boiling water 正沸腾的水 fallen leaves 落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 changed condition 改变了的情况 changing condition 变化着的情况 developed countries 发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家 D 做状语 动词 ed形式作状语和动词 ing形式作状语一样 也可以表示时间 原因 条件 让步 方式或伴随情况等 表示时间 Seen from the tower the city looks beautiful 表示原因 Moved by the heroic deeds the children couldn t help crying 3 表示条件 Heated water changes into steam 4 表示让步 Exhausted by the running they went on running after the robber 5 表示行为方式 伴随情况或补充说明 The teacher stood there surrounded by the students 注 DOING 现在分词 1 doing 表示分词的动作的主动及正在进行或者与谓语的动词同时发生 Walking down the street he hears someone calling him 2 having done 表示主动及先于谓语动作的动作行为 有时间差 Having worked hard all day I went to bed early 3 being done 表示被动而且是正在进行的被动 The area being studied is called a historical site 4 having been done 表示被动而且是已经完成的动作 Having been given a wrong telephone number I could not ring him DONE 过去分词 1 及物动词的过去分词 表示被动含义和动作的完成 Confused by the new surroundings I felt a bit desperate TO DO 动词不定式 1 to do 表示主动以 一般发生在其谓语动作之后 To catch the plane we d better go to the airport by taxi 2 to be done 表示被动 一般发生在其谓语动作之后 It s important for these doors to be updated 3 to have done 表示主动 其动作发生在谓语动作之前 I am sorry to have you given you so much trouble 4 to have been done 表示被动 其动作发生在谓语动作之前 The window is considered to have been broken by Ann 非谓语练习题 1 When he was a boy he used to go there and watch A to repair bicycles B bicycles to be repaired C bicycles being repaired D repairing bicycles 2 Have you considered your job as a teacher Yes I like the job because a teacher is often considered a gardener A to change to be B to change being C changing being D changing to be 3 The dog will be made a good watchdog A to train properly B being trained properly C properly to train D trained properly 4 the diamond he had to look for a place to hide it A Having stolen B Having been stolen C Stolen D Stealing 5 the front door he had to enter the room through the back door A Seen painted B Seeing painted C Being seen being painted D Seeing being painted 6 And there almost in the big chair sat her little brother who never had to be told to keep quiet A having lost B losing C to be lost D lost 7 He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger A put B to be putting C to put D putting 8 To answer correctly is more important than A that you finish quickly B finishing quickly C to finish quickly D finish quickly 9 The old farmer the badly injured and burnt soldier came out of the burning farmhouse calling continuously for help A supporting B having supported C being supported by D being supported 10 In January 2004 the United States successfully launched Spirit a Mars Exploration Rover a new milestone in the history of mankind A it marked B marking C marked D to mark 11 It was getting dark I found a car in a pool by the side of the road A to be stuck B stuck C sticking D stick 12 You can