jack london 英文介绍.ppt

e 1 Biography2 MajorWorks3 WritingStyle4 ThemeofJackLondon sWorks5 CommentsonLondon slifephilosophy Heistheoneoftherepresentativewriters Naturalism 1865 1914 inliterature thetermreferstothetheorythatliterarycompositionshouldaimatadetached scientificobjectivityinthetreatmentofnaturalman Themovementisanoutgrowthof19th centuryscientificthought followingingeneralthebiologicaldeterminismofDarwin stheory ortheeconomicdeterminism Biography HewasbornJohnGriffithChaneyinSanFranciscoonJanuary12 1876 theillegitimatesonofaself taughtmanandaneccentricwoman HetookthelastnameofhisstepfatherandwascalledJohnGriffithLondon Hegrewupinextremepovertyasastreeturchinalongthewater frontwherehebeganatanearlyagetoindulgehisboundlessappetiteforadventure Beforehewastenyearsold hehadtoworkbeforeandafterschoolandevenonweekendsinordertosupportthefamily Attheageof13 hetookajobinacannery andattheageof15hewasthecaptainofanoysterpirateboat Hesupportedhimselfwithmenialanddangerousjobs experiencingthestruggleforsurvival Helivedonthefringesofsocietyuntilhewasseventeen In1893hebecameasailor Forthenextfouryearsheworkedhiswayaroundtheworld Helearnedthejunglelawofnature thesurvivalofthestrongandthedeathoftheweak HewanderedhiswayacrosstheUnitedState evenbegginghisfoodfromdoortodoor Determinedtogetaneducation hewenttohighschoolattheageofnineteen enteredpreparatoryschool andthenspendasemesterasaspecialstudentattheUniversityofCaliforniain1896 Hehadtodropoutafterafewmonthstomakemoneyforthefamily Buthereadextensivelybyhimself Londonbelievedbothinthesuccessoftheworkingclassandinthesurvivalofthestrongest HealsolearnedpracticalknowledgeinbetweenjourneysasatrampandparticipationintheKlondikegoldrushin1897 Hefailedtofindgold buttheexperiencebecamearichsourceforhisliterarycreationlater Londonbelievedbothinthesuccessoftheworkingclassandinthesurvivalofthestrongest HealsolearnedpracticalknowledgeinbetweenjourneysasatrampandparticipationintheKlondikegoldrushin1897 Hefailedtofindgold buttheexperiencebecamearichsourceforhisliterarycreationlater In1903hewrote TheCalloftheWild anall timebestseller Thisbookmadehimimmediatelypopular andhisnamewassoonknownalloverthecounty ForthenexttwelveyearshewrotereportsinAsiaatthetimeoftheRussian JapaneseWar andservedinthesamecapacityintheMexicanCivilWarin1914 Helikedtheexcitementofit WherevertherewasactionLondonwaspresent Foraperiodofmanyyears especiallybetween1905 1907 LondonwasastrongsupporterofthesocialistmovementintheUnitedStates Manyofhiswritingsreflecthisinterestinsocialistideas Withthesuccessofhisfictionhewasalsoindemandonthelecturecircuit Themarkeddeclineofhiswritingafter1913coincideswithhisdriftingawayfromthesocialistmovement Hebecameamillionaire Hespentmoneyonthebuildingofhisshipforthevoyagearoundtheworldandonhissplendid WolfHouse butbothventuresfailed Hediedofaguestrointestinaltypeofuraemia 尿毒症 onNovember22 1916 JackandCharmianLondon sGraveSite Newsboy报童 at10 Oysterpirate 16 Ahardlaborer muscleseller Atramp流浪者 beggar at18 Aknowledgepursuer Asuccessfulwriter Arancher 大农场主 HisMajorWorks ThePeopleoftheAbyss 1903 深渊中的人们TheCalloftheWild 1903 野性的呼唤TheSeaWolf 1904 海狼WhiteFang 1906 白牙TheIronHeel 1908 铁蹄MartinEden 1909 马丁 伊登TheValleyoftheMoon 1912 月谷TheStarRover 1915 星游人TheLittleLadyoftheBigHouse 1916 大屋里的小妇人 WritingStyle SocialDarwinism 社会达尔文主义 Neitzcheansuperman socialistdoctrinesofMarxNaturalismmingledwithRomanticismForceful andcolorful SubjectivityandenthusiasmHischaracterizationswereoftenstiffandhisdialoguestereotyped ThemeofJackLondon sWorks primitiveviolence Anglo Saxonsupremacy biologicalevolution classwarfare andmechanisticdeterminism Hopeforhumancivilization FatherofAmericanproletariat 工人阶级 literatureRealist spokesmanofsocialismGreatthinker thestruggletosurvivewithdignityandintegritycombativeloveofknowledgeloveforthewholehumankindRebellious individualism superman strongwill freedomHopeforhumancivilization CommentsonLondon slifephilosophy FatherofAmericanproletariateliteratureRealist spokesmanofsocialismGreatthinkerHiswritingsinspiredlaterwriterslikeJohnSteinbeckandJackKerouac ErnestHemingway andRobertRuark Sinclair Jack snotablesayings Youthisalwaysyoungandelderlywillonlygrowold 青年总是年青的 只有老年才会变老 Theonlywaytogetsmartistobuywiththeyouth 得到智慧的惟一办法 就是用青春去买 Iwouldratherbeashesthandust 我宁愿化作灰烬 也不要做尘埃 Iwouldratherbeasuperbmeteor everyatomofmeinmagnifi