MLA基本格式.doc

MLA格式1. 引用文献标注（文内引用）文内引用不出现中文，将中文的姓或姓名用汉语拼音标示，如 (Zhang 63)。 基本格式Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).（作者姓 页码）作者姓和页码之间有一个空格 如果文中提到作者名，则在文内引用时不包括作者姓Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3). 引用文献为两个或三个作者所著(Smith, Yang, and Moore 76) 引用文献为三个以上作者所著The authors of Womens Way of Knowing make a distinction between “separate knowing” and “connected knowing” (Belenky et al. 100). 两个或两个以上作者姓相同时，加上名字的首字母缩写;如果名字首字母缩写相同，则用全拼。(H. White 75) (E. White 670) 或 (Emily White 75) (Edward White 21) 同一作家有多部作品时，文内加上作品的缩写形式，以示区分。Shaughnessy points out that “the beginning writer does not know how writers behave” (Errors 79). Shaughnessy points out that “teaching is a challenging job” (“Diving In” 68).如果作者名在文中未出现，文内引用时将其姓加上。Visual studies, because it is such a new discipline, may be “too easy” (Elkins, “Visual Studies” 63). 引用二手资料时Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as “social service centers, and they dont do that well” (qtd. in Weisman 259). 引用圣经Ezekiel saw “what seemed to be four living creatures,” each with faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle (New Jerusalem Bible, Ezek. 1.5-10).（圣经的版本，book, chapter and verse）2. 参考文献参考文献是作者文中引用过的资料。参考文献位于文后，分别按字母顺序（或拼音中字母顺序）排列，文献前不用加序号。非英文作品应将其相应信息译成英文列在该项后面的方括号里。编排顺序为英语文献在前，汉语文献在后。文中引用和文后参考文献必须对应。文学类论文使用Bibliography。 书、杂志、文章名都是实词首字母大写。 人名：姓在前，名在后；多个作者时，第二个以后的人名按正常顺序写。 学位论文Kane, Sonia. Acts of Coercion: Father-Daughter Relationships and the Pressure to Confess in British Womens Fiction. Diss. City University of New York, 2003.（博士论文）Huang, Ling. The Two Worlds of John Keats in His Great Odes. MA thesis. Southwest University, 2008.（硕士论文） 书Bell, Michael. Literature, Modernism and Myth: Belief and Responsibility in the Twentieth Century. London: Cambridge University Press, 1997.（作者为一人）Simonds, Wendy, and Barbara Katz Rothman. Centuries of Solace: Grief in Popular Literature. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1992. （作者为两人或三人）McPherson, William, et al. English and American Literature: Sources and Strategies for Collection Development. Chicago: ALA, 1987.（书的作者为四人或四人以上） 翻译的书Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. Trans. Richard Howard. New York: Vintage-Random House, 1988. 书中的文章Krupat, Arnold, and Michael A. Elliott. （作者）“American Indian Fiction and Anticolonial Resistance.” （文章名）The Columbia Guide to American Indian Literatures of the United States Since 1945. （书名）Ed. Eric Cheyfitz. （编者）New York: Columbia University Press, 2006, （出版信息）146-50（页码范围）. 杂志中的文章Mehta, Pratap Bhanu. “Exploring Myths.” New Republic 6 June 1998: 17-19. 学术期刊中的文章Bowering, George. “Baseball and the Canadian Imagination.” Canadian Literature 108 (1986): 115-24. （只有期号）Hallin, Daniel C. “Sound Bite News.” Journal of Communication 42.2 (1992): 5-24. （有卷号；格式：卷号.期号） 汉语学位论文王洪：论济慈（硕/博士论文），河南大学，2003年。英文翻译分别用MLA和 APA格式 汉语书籍芮渝萍：美国成长小说研究，北京：中国社会科学出版社，2004年。 Rui, Yuping. A Study of American Initiation Stories. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2004.斯图尔特霍尔编：表征，徐亮等译，北京：商务印书馆，2003年。Hall, Stuart. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices (Culture, Media and Identities series). Trans. Xu, Liang et al. Beijing: Commercial Press, 2003. 汉语期刊杂志郭巍：美国原住民文学研究在中国，载天津外国语学院学报第14卷（2007年）第4期，第57-63页。（有卷号和期号）Guo, Wei. “American Aboriginal Literature Studies in China.” Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University 14.4 (2007): 57-63.郭洋生：当代美国印第安小说，载西南民族