初中英语写作七天会.doc_第1页
初中英语写作七天会.doc_第2页
初中英语写作七天会.doc_第3页
初中英语写作七天会.doc_第4页
初中英语写作七天会.doc_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩23页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

初中英语写作七天会 第一天:掌握“ 主系表 ”,写作很重要 !初中学生练习写作英语,首先要掌握好五种“ 简单句 ”的基本结构。英语的“主系表”结构是其中的一种。一什么是英语的简单句?只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子叫简单句。1Tom likes swimming . (一个主语,一个谓语)2. Tom and Jim likes swimming . ( 两个并列主语,一个谓语)3Tom likes swimming and often swims in the river .(一个主语,两个谓语)二什么是“ 主系表 ”结构?所谓主系表结构,就是句子中的主要成分是:主语 + 系动词 + 表语 。1主语主语是句子主要说明的人或事物。主语一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词的ing形式或起名词作用的短语或从句来充当。1. English is more and more important . ( 名词作主语 )2. She is helpful . ( 代词作主语 )3. One and two is three . ( 数词作主语 )4. To give is better than to receive . ( 不定式作主语 )5. Playing the computer is my hobby . ( 动名词短语作主语 )6. What she needs is friendship . ( 从句作主语 )注意: 动词原形不能作句子的主语。2系动词系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和系动词之后的表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。常见的系动词有:(1)感官系动词look(看起来),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来), taste (尝起来),feel(感觉起来,摸起来), (2)变化系动词become (成为,变得), grow (变得),turn(变成),get (变得), go (变得) (3)状态系动词 am, is are (是) (4)表象系动词 seem (似乎,好象) (5)持续系动词keep(保持) He is fat . (接形容词) She wants to become a teacher .(接名词) I dont feel very well today . Its getting hotter and hotter . She looks very happy today . It seems difficult to swim . The dinner smells good . The idea sounds great . The meat tastes good . His face turned white when he saw the tiger . The old man still kept quiet . I forgot to put the meat into the fridge . It has gone bad .The box is on the teachers desk .(接介词短语)3表语表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的。表语位于系动词之后,主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、过去分词、动词不定式或动词ing 形式来充当。(1)He became a famous pianist . ( 名词作表语)(2) This sweater isnt mine ; its his . (代词作表语)(3) The report sounds interesting . ( 形容词作表语)(4) She will be twenty next year . ( 数词作表语)(5) Everyone is here . ( 副词作表语 )(6) He is out of work . ( 介词短语作表语 )(7) My dream is flying . ( 现在分词短语作表语 )(8) It looks as if it is going to snow . ( 从句作表语 )(9) His dream is to be a doctor . ( 不定式作表语 ) 三“ 主系表 ”结构的常见错误 1主语错误 误: Play football is more difficult than play basketball . 正: Playing football is more difficult than playing basketball . 说明:动词原形不能充当句子的主语,但可以用动词的ing 形式作主语。2. 表语错误 (1) 误:I had a good time in the park . I felt happily . 正:I had a good time in the park . I felt happy . 说明:有些系动词后面要接形容词或名词等作表语,不能接副词。常见的有:seem(似乎), become(变成), get(成为), look, feel, sound , smell 等。 3表语错误 (2 ) 误: My hobby is read books . 正: My hobby is reading books . 说明:动词原形既不能作主语,也不能作表语。要用动词ing 形式作表语。 4系动词错误(1) 误:I knocked on the door , but nobody were at home . 正:I knocked on the door , but nobody was at home . 说明:不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。 5. 系动词错误(2)误:He never late for school .正: He is never late for school .说明:late 是形容词,不能直接作谓语。句中缺少系动词; be late for 是词组。 6. 系动词错误(3)误: I will a famous scientist in the future .正: I will be a famous scientist in the future .说明:一般将来时的结构是:will + 动词原形;will be 是“将要成为”的意思。 7 系动词错误(4)误:I am go to Beihai Park every Sunday .正:I go to Beihai Park every Sunday .说明:系动词不能和动词原形同时使用。 8系动词错误(5)误: He doesnt an honest man .正: He isnt an honest man .说明:dont, doesnt, didnt 等否定行为动词的原形;否定形容词、名词用isnt 一类。四找出段落中的错误并改正。 There is four people in my family . My father and my mother are teachers . My sister and I am students . My sister likes reading books ,and my hobby is play basketball . My father and my mother are love us very much . We feel happily . 练 习一选择填空1She _ an English teacher . We love her very much . A. is B. be C. am D. are2. How many people _ there in your family ? A. is B. are C. am D. be3. Sunday _ the first day of the week . A. is B. are C. am D. be 4. My grandfather _ ill last night . A. are B. is C. was D. am5. _ the birds is my hobby . A. Feed B. Fed C. Feeding D. Feeds6. I _ a worker next year . A. am B. will C. be D. will be 7. Her voice _ like my mothers . A. sounds B. sound C. looks D. look 8. The dishes taste _ , and I enjoy them .A. well B. good C. bad D. badly 9. I _ at this school for about two months .A. am B. will be C. have been D. was 10. My father is very busy . Her job is _ cars .A. mending B. mended C. mends D. have mended 二 画出句子的主系表 例如: He is tired . 主语 系动词 表语 1He always kept silent at the meeting . 2. This flower looks very beautiful . 3. She seems happy . 4. The soup smells delicious . 5. Her face turned red when she heard the good news . 6. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist . 7. This book is about the history of the United States .8. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery .9. The leaves have turned yellow .10. The report sounds interesting .三把下列各句译成英语,一空一词1天色变暗了,让我们回家吧。 Its _ _. Lets go home .2. 英语正变得越来越重要。 English _ _ more and more important .3. 这种布手感很软。 This kind of cloth _ _ _ .4. 事情变得越来越好。 Everything _ _ _ _ _ .5. 这些花闻起来很香。 These flowers _ _ _ .6. 你比以前看起来好多了。 You _ _ _ than before .7. 他的妈妈去世三年了。 His mother _ _ _ for three years .8. 明年五月我就十八岁了。 I _ _ _ in May next year . 第二天:掌握“ 主谓宾 ”,写作往前进 ! 今天学习简单句的另外两种结构:“主谓结构”和“主谓宾”结构。一什么是“主谓结构”所谓主谓结构,就是句子的主要成分是:主语 + 谓语。谓语一般由行为动词来充当。行为动词又分两类:及物动词和不及物动词。单词表中标了vi. 的是不及物动词;标了vt. 的是及物动词。及物动词后面可以直接跟宾语。就是说,动词后面能直接加“什么”,这个动词就是及物动词。例如:clean打扫 , 可以说“打扫什么”,如clean the classroom 。例如:see看见,可以说“看见什么”,如see two children 。这样的动词都是及物动词。不及物动词后面不可以直接跟宾语。就是说,动词后面不能直接加“什么”,这个动词就是不及物动词。例如:work工作 , 不可以说“工作什么”,例如:rest 休息,不可以说“休息什么”。这样的动词都是不及物动词。但是,有时不及物动词后面也 可先加上介词,再加宾语。例如:live , 不能说live Beijing ; 但可以说live in Beijing 。例如:从事历史方面的工作,不能表达为work history, 但可以表达为work on history 。简单来说,我们可以总结出以下两种基本结构:“ 主语 + 谓语 ”结构 “主语 + 谓语 + 介词 + 宾语 ”结构 1. He died three years ago . 说明:die 是不及物动词,后面没有宾语。three years ago是时间状语。2My mother works hard . 说明:work 是不及物动词,后面没有宾语。 hard 是副词作状语。3. The children work hard at their subjects every day . 说明:work是不及物动词,后面没有宾语。 先加介词at ,再接宾语 their subjects 。二 什么是“ 主谓宾”结构所谓“ 主谓宾 ”结构,就是英语句子的主要成分是:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语。宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者,一般直接放在及物动词之后。 宾语由名词、代词、动词ing 形式、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来充当。简单地说,“主谓宾”就是 : 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语1We like pizza . (名词作宾语)2. He always helps me . (代词作宾语)3. They enjoy listening to music . (动词短语ing形式作宾语)4. I decide to be a actor . (不定式作宾语)5. I believe that he is right . (that 从句作宾语)注意: 动词原形不能作句子的宾语。三什么是定语和状语在句子中,除了主语、谓语、宾语、系动词和表语等主干成分,定语和状语也是句子中不可缺少的成分。 1什么是定语 定语在句子中用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质、特征。中文常用“ 的”来表示。 用作定语的主要是形容词、代词、数词、名词、副词、分词、动词不定式、介词短语和定语从句。形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词作定语时,放在被修饰词的前面,其他情况后置。 (1) The little boy needs a blue pen . 说明:little, blue 是 形容词作前置定语 分别修饰名词boy 和pen 。 (2)My little brother broke the coffee cup . 说明:coffee 是名词作前置定语,修饰名词cup 。 (3)The book on the desk is mine . 说明:on the desk 是介词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的名词book 。 (4)They are talking about some photos taken by American girls . 说明:taken by American girls 是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词photos .(5) - Whos that boy ? - Which boy ? - The one sitting near the window . 说明:sitting near the window 是现在分词作后置定语,修饰前面的代词one . 2. 什么是状语 状语主要由副词来充当。不定式、短语、从句、分词等也可以作状语。 状语的主要作用是修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示程度、方式、时间、地点、原因、目的、条件等。修饰动词时,状语可放在动词后,也可放在动词前;修饰形容词或副词时,状语放在前面;表示时间、地点时,地点状语在前,时间状语在后。 (1) Tom runs fast .说明:fast 是副词作程度状语,修饰动词 runs 。 (2) I often write to him .说明:often 是频度副词作状语,修饰动词write 。 (3) The book is very interesting .说明: very 是程度副词作状语,修饰形容词interesting 。 (4)I met Tom in the park yesterday . 说明:in the park 是地点状语, yesterday 是时间状语。注意位置。 (5) He worked hard in order to pass the exam . 说明:hard 是程度副词,修饰动词 study ; in order to pass the exam 是短语 作目的状语。 (6)He stopped in Moscow to buy some presents .说明:to buy some presents 是动词不定式作目的状语。(7)We wont go to the park if it rains tomorrow . 说明:if it rains tomorrow 是条件状语从句。四错误分析1误: I very like China . 正: I like China very much . 说明:very 是副词,不能单独修饰动词,应构成very much 放在动词之后。2误:They go to home on foot . 正:They go home on foot . 说明:home 是副词,副词前不用介词。3误:we love she very much . 正:we love her very much . 说明:she 是love 的宾语,应用宾格形式。动词、介词后面的人称代词用宾格。4误:He plays football happy . 正:He plays football happily . 说明:修饰动词要用副词。5误:They like swim . 正:They like swimming . 说明:动词原形不能作宾语;要用动词ing 形式作宾语。6误:She agreed lend me the book . 正:She agreed to lend me the book . 说明:agree 的宾语要由不定式来充当。 agree to do sth 同意做某事。五找出段落中的错误,并改正。 (1)Mr Li illed in hospital last week . Li Dong and he classmatessaw she in the hospital . They sent her a bunch of flowers . She is very happy . (2) Tom is like computers much . His parents bought his one last year .He studys English on the Internet . He was pleased . 练 习 一判断下列各句中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词 1. We go to school every day . 2. He likes football very much . 3. They study hard . 4. They study English hard . 5. I work in an office . 二画出句子的各种成分 1I borrowed some money last week . 2. They play football happily on the playground every day . 3. She likes reading . 4. I want to buy a new bike . 5. I can do it well . 三完成下列句子,一空一词 1我每天乘公共汽车去图书馆。 I _ _ _ _ by bus every day . 2. 我的父母努力工作。 My parents _ _ . 3. 她喜欢看电视。 She _ _ TV . 4. 我四岁的妹妹会读书写字。 My 4yearold sister _ _ _ _ . 5. 孩子们正在洗手。 _ _ _ _ their hands . 四翻译句子 1我喜欢英语。 我非常喜欢英语。 我非常喜欢美式英语。 2他浇花。 他每天浇花。 他每天认真浇花。 3她买衣服。 她买漂亮的衣服。 她每周买漂亮的衣服。 第三天:主谓 + 两宾,写作要分清 ! 这是简单句的最后两种句形,即:“主谓 + 双宾”结构和 “ 主谓宾 +宾补”结构。一什么是“主谓 + 双宾”结构“主谓双宾”结构就是“主语谓语间接宾语(人)直接宾语(物)”。 这种结构概括为:“及物动词sb. + sth ”。 1 My uncle gave us a surprise yesterday . ( us为间接宾语, a surprise为直接宾语 ) 2My parents often write me a letter . ( me为间接宾语, a letter为直接宾语 ) 这种结构可以转换为: 及物动词 + sth + for to sb. 上面两句可转换为:1 My uncle gave a surprise to us yesterday .2. My parents often write a letter to me .注意:英语的多数动词后接to , 但 buy, find, sing, get, make, fetch 等动词后 常接介词for 。3 We buy him a gift every year .= We buy a gift for him every year.4. Could you sing us another song ? = could you sing another song for us ?二什么是“主谓宾 + 宾补 ” 结构所谓“ 主谓宾 + 宾补 ”结构就是: 主语 + 谓语 (及物动词) + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。所谓宾语补足语是指,英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语后意义仍不完整,还需要有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的身份、意义、特征、状态等,这种成分叫宾语补足语。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、分词和介词短语。他们位于宾语之后。 1. I found the boy very clever . ( 形容词短语作宾补 )2. We called him Grandpa . ( 名词作宾补 )3. She always keeps everything in good order . ( 介词短语作宾补 )4. I heard Jim singing this morning . ( 动词ing 形式作宾补 )5.She wanted me to give her some money .( 不定式作宾补 )三错误分析1误: I gave she a doll as a birthday gift . 正: I gave her a doll as a birthday gift . 说明:直接宾语是a doll, 间接宾语是her , 用宾格。2误:The friends bought a new bike to her as birthday gift . 正:The friends bought a new bike for her as birthday gift . The friends bought her a new bike as a birthday gift . 说明:动词buy 后面要用介词for 。3误:The teacher told us do more reading . 正:The teacher told us to do more reading . 说明:动词told 后面只能接带to 的不定式作宾补。 类似的动词还有:ask, want, teach, wish 等。4误:In the country , we can hear birds to sing . 正:In the country , we can hear birds sing . In the country , we can hear birds singing .说明:hear 后面只能接不带to 的不定式或现在分词作宾补。 类似的动词还有 see, watch, find, notice 等。 四找出段落中的错误,并改正。 (1) There has a big library in our school. The students like read there . They keep tidy . They help the librarian cleaning it . (2) Im Li Hua . I go to school by foot . I have some reasons for that . First , my home is 2 kilometers to school . It takes me about 20 minutes get there . Second , walk to school is a kind of exercise . Its good for my health. Third , its the safest way go to school because there is a lot of traffic on the road at this time of day . So, I prefer walk to school . Its really a good choice . 练 习一指出下列句子中的间接宾语和直接宾语 1 Can you bring me your photos here tomorrow ? 2. I will buy Tom a birthday gift . 3. Will you show me your passport ? 4. Kate has taught Linda an English lesson . 5. I gave him some help .二指出下列句子中的宾语补足语 1 The teacher told the students not to be late for school again . 2. My mother wants me to help her with the housework . 3. I found the film interesting . 4. The police asked the children not to swim in the river . 5. Now we can hear the birds singing . 6. She found herself in the hospital when she woke up .三翻译下列句子 1很抱歉让你久等了。 Im sorry _ for a long time 2. 为了预防“非典”,我们应该注意保持干净整洁。 In order to prevent SARS, we should pay attention to _ . 3. 那首歌总让我想起我们的英语老师。 That song always _ . 4. 课外活动能帮助我们保持健康。 After-class activities can _ . 5. 我昨天给我妈妈买了一顶漂亮的帽子作为生日礼物。 Yesterday I _ as a birthday gift . 6. 他让我帮助他学英语。 She asked me _ . 四写作 假设你校即将开展“读好书,促成长”的活动。请根据所给信息,用英语写一 篇倡议书。口头、结尾已给出。 读书的意义:获取知识,增长见识,使人快乐,有助学习成长。 目前的状况:听音乐,看电视,上网等占去学生大部分读书时间。 发出倡议:多读书,读好书 参考词汇:获取知识gain knowledge 增长见识open the mind My dear friends, Reading is very important in our life . We can gain knowledge through reading . It can not only open our minds but also make us cleverer and happier . Our study can be improved if we read more books . Reading also helps us grow as a person . However , its a great pity that many activities such as listening to music, watching TV and going online take up much of our reading time . So , I would like to suggest that everyone should read more books and read good books . It will do us good ! Lets start reading now . 第四天: 句子有大梁,“四兄弟”来扛 ! 一什么是“ 大梁 ” 在英语中,每个句子必须有一个动词来担当谓语,谓语动词是句子中最关键、最核心的部分,没有谓语动词,句子就不能成立。因此,我们把句子的这个核心部分称作句子 的“大梁”。“大梁”一头挑起的是句子的主语,一头挑起的是句子的宾语、表语等成分。 而挑起“大梁”的就是以下“四兄弟”。 二什么是“ 四兄弟 ” “ 四兄弟 ”就是四类英语动词。 1行为动词 即实义动词,表示动作的动词。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种。它有完整的意义,并能独立作谓语。例如:swim, eat, take, play, watch 等。 2系动词 它本身有词义,但不能单独使用,后面必须跟表语,构成主系表结构,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。例如:look, sound, be, become, get 等。 3助动词 它本身没有词义,不能单独使用,它只是帮助谓语动词构成疑问句、否定句,或者构成某种时态、语态。例如:be, have, do, shall, will 等。 4情态动词 它本身有一定的意义,但要与动词原形一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示 说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面必须跟动词原形。常见的情态动词有may, can, must, should, have to 等。 三“四兄弟”有分工吗 回答是肯定的,但他们既有分工,又有协作。在英语中,只有行为动词可以在句子中 单独作谓语,其他三种动词不能单独作谓语。但动词的“四兄弟”是相互依存、相互帮助 的。系动词必须和后面的表语共同构成谓语;情态动词只有和其他动词一起使用才能作谓语;助动词也只能与其他动词形式一起构成谓语。 1 I like English . ( like 单独作谓语,构成“主谓宾”结构 ) 2 He works in a factory . ( work 单独作谓语,构成“ 主谓”结构 )We are very tried . (“ 主系表 ”结构 ) 4 I didnt rest yesterday . (助动词didnt 和不及物动词rest一起作谓语,构成 “主谓”结构) 5 He has visited the Great Wall . (助动词hasnt 和及物动词visit一起作谓语,构成“ 主谓宾”结构) 6I can give you some advice . ( 情态动词和及物动词give一起作谓语,you是间接宾语,some advice是直接宾语,构成“主谓 + 两宾”结构) 7. You should keep the classroom clean . ( 情态动词should和及物动词keep一起作谓语,the classroom作宾语,clean作宾语补足语,构成“ 主谓宾 + 宾补 ”结构 ) 四与 “四兄弟”打交道时易犯的“六大”错误 1系动词使用错误 误:I very tried . 正: I am very tried . 说明:由于中文的习惯,我们经常在用英语表达时落掉 be 动词。 2主谓搭配不一致 误:He often help me with my English . 正: He often helps me with my English . 说明:一般现在时中,主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要加 s 或es 。 3时态使用错误 误:We go to Beihai Park yesterday . 正: W

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

最新文档

评论

0/150

提交评论