高中英语语法精讲精练---名词从句.doc

。高中英语语法精讲精练-名词性从句一、名词性从句的语法功能与分类在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句。 1) What he is going to do is not clear. 2) Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.宾语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中用作宾语，那么这个句子就叫做宾语从句。1) Jack said that he had something important to do. 2) I want to know if/whether there is a train to Beijing. 表语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中用作表语，那么这个句子就叫做表语从句。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 同位语从句：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词，如news，idea，fact，word（消息），question，thought，doubt，order，promise，hope，message，information等的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。关联词多用从属连词that。1) They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.2) Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 3) Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.【注意】that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别 定语从句是修饰限制它前面的名词，因此，它是属于形容词性从句。而同位语从句属于名词性从句，它是用来说明它前面的名词内容的，或者说是解释前面名词的内容。 换而言之：同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。 区别同位语从句定语从句阐明它前面的名词具体内容。 The suggestion that we 【should】 clean the room buy turns is good. 限定它前面的名词的范围或补充一些情况。The suggestion 【that】 he put forward at the meeting is good.that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省略。 The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分（主语或宾语）。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。 The news 【that/which】 he told me yesterday is true. 只有在内容方面可进一步阐明的名词。（可以带同位语的名词多为抽象名词）。如： news，fact， idea，question， suggestion等。 几乎任何名词都可以带定语从句。 The apple 【that/which】 he gave me is a red one.区别： Galileo collected facts _B_ the Earth goes round the sun. Galileo collected facts _D_ proved the Earth goes round the sun. A. which B. that C. of which D. A and B【考点点拨】在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，名词性从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 This is our only request that this（should）be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。 此类词有：一“坚持” insist二“命令” order, command三“建议” advise(advice), suggest(suggestion), propose (proposal)四“要求” require, request, desire, demand二、名词性从句连接词的选用名词性从句一般有以下三种连接词：1. 从属连词that，if和whether。that在句中无实际意义，只起连接作用，但不可以省略；if不可以用于句首。 Whether hell come here isnt clear. He told us that they would help us though the whole work.2. 连接代词主要有who, whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，whosever， whatever，whichever等。 Whoever comes is welcome.What concerns me most is who will be my teacher next term.3. 连接副词主要有when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等。None of us knows where these new books can be bought.The question under discussion is where we will hold the meeting.注意 不能使用if的情况a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句d. 介词后的宾语从句e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.f. 与 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.注意1：that / what的辨用1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.4. He told us _ he felt ill.5. The result is _ we won the game.6. This is _ we want to know.7. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.8. The fact_ she works hard is well known to us all.规则： 1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用2. what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。注意2：whether与if的辨用规则：1.在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， whether/if 都可以用；2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， 只能用whether；3.在whether or not 和whether to do 中whether 不能换成if练习：if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. I dont know _ he is well or not. 3._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.4.It hasnt been decided_ we shall attend the meeting.5.Were worried about _ he is safe.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go or to stay at home.附加练习1.I doubt_ he can speak English.2.I dont doubt _ he can speak English.注意3：whatever与no matter what的辨用Whatever有两个用法，一是引导名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句），二是用于引导让步状语从句。No matter what只能引导让步状语从句（不能引导名词性从句），其意为“无论什么”。【注意】这样用的no matter what与引导状语从句的whatever用法相同，有时可互换。如：No matter what you say, I believe you. =Whatever you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。一、2010年高考真题链接1.(全国卷I卷33).We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where2.(全国II卷10) Have you finished the book？No. Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.A. which B. what C. that D. where3.(北京卷31).I want to be liked and loved forI am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how4.(北京卷32). Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was_ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether5.(北京卷33).some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How6.(福建卷35). We should respect food and think about the people who dont havewe have here and treat food nicely.A. that B. which C. what D. whether7.(湖南卷35). Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears .No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why8.(江苏卷35).I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats_ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A. where B. how C. when D. what9.(辽宁卷34). -Its no use having ideas only . -Dont worry. Peter can show you _to turn an idea into an act.A. how B. who C. what D. where10.(山东卷26). Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which11.(陕西卷18). It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. what C. that D. if12.(四川卷14). How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely onhe goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A. what B. who C. how D. why13.(天津卷14). As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. when D. which14.(重庆卷25). To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestionshad used the products.A. whoever B. who C. whichever D. which15.(浙江卷1).How about camping this weekend, just for a change? OK,_ you want. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever16.(浙江卷9). It is uncertain _side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether17.(上海卷36). One reason for her preference for city life isshe can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why18.(上海卷37). When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know . A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering二、句子翻译1. 请把奖品给先来的人。_ 2. 孩子长大后，要鼓励他们做力所能及的家务。_ 3. 越来越多的大学生面临着这样一个事实, 找一份合适的工作实属不易。(face)_ 4. 他近视眼的原因是连续四五个小时不停地看书。_ 5. 毫无疑问政府会采取措施来阻止疾病的蔓延。（doubt）_ 6. 会议是否会如期举行还没有被最后决定。（decide）_ 7. 她迟到的原因是要照顾她生病的妹妹。（take care of）_ 8. 中国参加了世贸组织不仅是个巨大的挑战，而且是个很好的机遇。（not only but also）_ 9. 据报道， 到目前为止，已经有2个孩子在洪水中失去了生命。（It）_ 10. 人类不得不接受这样一个事实：由于温室效应， 全球气候正在变暖。（because of）_ 参考答案：一、2010年高考真题链接 DDCBB 6-10CDAAB 11-15CBBAC 16-18BAB二、句子翻译1. 请把奖品给先来的人。Please give the prize to whoever comes first.2. 孩子长大后，要鼓励他们做力所能及的家务。When children grow up, they should be encouraged to do whatever housework they can do.3.越来越多的大学生面临着这样一个事实,:找一份合适的工作实属不易。(face)More and more college students are faced with the fact that it is very hard to find a suitable job.4.他近视眼的原因是连续四五个小时不停地看书。The reason why he became short-sighted was that he often kept reading boo