基于Multisim的出租车计价器设计课程设计报告.doc

Gay is now a provincial key construction project of aluminum Ltd-province with an annual output of 50,000 tons of technical innovation project of environmental protection and energy saving of electrolytic aluminum project manager. In this technological transformation projects, he has overall responsibility for the day-to-day affairs of the project. In order to ensure that southern companys control the scale of investment, strengthen field management, pay special attention to project progress, and ensure a successful operation, the overall goal. He and Engineering Department under the leadership of all the staff in the companys technical command, on the difficulties and to overcome technical difficulties in the process, work hard, have made outstanding achievements, mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, careful organization and management achieved remarkable results. Technical innovation project of the year, started and completed a series of bids and completed to date, from production engineering to put into production after nearly a year, has achieved very significant results. A project first 56 slots from dismantling the old slot just 168 days, civil engineering, installation, commissioning, guarantee engineering quality under the premise, on the production side transformation under difficult conditions, created the national industrys fastest speeds. II 32 large prebaked electrolytic cell on November 7 has been installed, marks has an annual production capacity of 50,000 tons of electrolytic aluminum production capacity of aluminum. Entire project almost 8 months earlier than planned, achieved the goal of production transformation benefits that year, created favorable conditions for aluminum through South. Second, effectively control the investment. Project is subject to a scientific approach to bidding, bidding to make savings of 20 million Yuan, in the implementation process of the project, every domestic prices of steel, cement and other building materials, the old buildings on the base encountered great difficulties in dealing with significant increase in the volume of civil engineering, but through rationalization and optimization, project control in fixed investment of 350 million Yuan. Third, environmental energy-saving effect of the project. Project investment of nearly 30 million Yuan, using large prebake technology and aluminum oxide dense phase and hyper dense phase conveying technology, fluoride and other harmful gases purification efficiency of up to 98%. Compared with Soderberg cell before the modification, power consumption can be reduced by 1500 tons of electrolytic aluminum, and project environmental protection and energy saving effect is obvious. Four are in a relatively short period of time to the normal production. After four months of efforts, a project has put into operation all the 54 240KA large cell into regular production, stable current channel conditions and all the economic indicators are good, current efficiency in October had reached 93%, is close to and reach the domestic advanced level. In the case of production half of the cell, this effect can be achieved and better level in the industry. 50,000 tons of electrolytic modification process, from preliminary study to equipment selection, cost control, project progress, quality control and coordination among the various sub-projects and various professional, technical command under the correct leadership, both from an overall perspective, emphasis on integrity, and earnestly implement the relevant laws and regulations, strictly act according to the contract. He tried to learn relevant knowledge, good style of business, operational and organizational coordination ability, project efficiency, quality and safety assurance system in place, with all units involved with the coordination and good .电子技术课程设计报告题 目：基于Multisim的出租车计价器设计 学生姓名： 李少华 学生学号： 1314050317 年 级： 13级 专 业： 电气工程及其自动化 班 级： 3班 指导教师： 聂文艳 机械与电气工程学院制2015年3月Four outstanding works. They are derived from their own inner feelings. I also sent a student to attend the class Department speech contest, failed to get a good result, but also actively cooperate with the Department and class activities! in order to create a demonstration dorm room, our weekly class to every bedroom check, where proposed is insufficient. In order to clean up the bedroom, we use the brush brushes a bedroom again. For the class out of a force. In the event we, many projects did not get the desired results. But we understand that we tried, and in the struggle. Also has made good progress in many of the! in my class the work carried out and the results achieved, thanks to the concern and support of the Department, thanks to instructor teachers good, proper guidance, thanks to 46 students in the class will work closely together, to work together. Of course, we also have our weaknesses, needs to be further correction in their future learning and life, with a view to achieving greater results. Five declarations of good party branch branch is a fortress, a party member is a banner. Fighting in the railway engineering construction Group Headquarters Headquarters branches, a total of members 18. Role of the Xiang-GUI railway and tight South Lebanon railway, heavy, poor conditions of disadvantage, the branch closely around the construction work. Holding high the flag of our party members, unite and lead staff on the difficulties, overcome difficulties, take the zhengyou, a job well done and an engineering task, won the highly valued by leaders at all levels. Since October last year since the project began, Headquarters Branch is tightly around the center of its activities. Face South, climate is wet, sooner or later temperature larger, specific difficult, I branch from thought requirements all workers active motivated, do can long-term hard, dare fight of spirit prepared, while requirements all members lead, encouraged colleagues Zhijian each other help, each other learning business knowledge, overcome temporarily difficult, active into to engineering official starts of the prepared work in the to, play out has as a branch of fighting fortress role and members of pioneer model role. Since its start, I command under the correct leadership of the party branch in the Group and the superior party, centering on building a qualified party branches, branch of the forts and the battle to play the exemplary vanguard role of party members, actively working. In command personnel less, and task heavy of situation Xia, all members always according to party stronger, and style to are, and service better, and efficiency to high of requirements, from overall starting, better to completed has production organization, and coordination, and guarantees and the management work, in engineering progress, and quality, and benefits, and safety, aspects are made has good of results, get has owners and the Group and grass-roots units of praise. First, give full play to the exemplary role of party members. The exemplary role of party members and cadres are silent on the command, the exemplary role of party members and cadres are the best of the ideological and political education. We pay close attention to party building, requires political party members and cadres must take the lead in learning, set strict demands on themselves, .键入文字基于Multisum的出租车计价器课程设计学生：李少华指导教师：聂文艳机械与电气工程学院 电气工程及其自动化1.1设计目的和意义1.1.1目的1. 能构实现计程功能2.实现计费功能，计费标准为：按行驶里程收费，起步费为6.0元，并在车行3公里后再按2.0元/公里，最高计费为99.9元，车停止不计费，能将车费显示出来。1.1.2意义 在我们是生活中，乘坐出租车是再常见不过的了，因此人们对出租车计费问题也是非常的敏感的。随着出租车行业的发展，对出租车计费器的要求也越来越高，用户不仅要求计费器性能稳定，计费准确，有防作弊功能；同时还要求其具有车票资料打印 、卡付费、语音报话、和电脑串行通信等功能。因此出租车计费器在我们的生活中也是很重要的。1.2初始参数和要求 1.2.1 74LS160计数器的简介74LS160 是一个具有异步清零、同步置数、可以保持状态不变的十进制上升沿计数器，共有54/74160 和54/74LS160 两种线路结构型式。1.2.2 74LS85比较器的简介 74LS85比较器是一个4位数值比较器，它是由高位开始比较，逐位进行。若最高位已比较出大小，则以后各位大小都对比较结果没有影响；如果最高位相等，则比较次高位；同理，次高位已比较出大小，则以后各位大小对结果没有影响。如果4位比较都相等，则再看级联信号输入。级联输入信号是由低位比较器的输出而来。1.2.3 74LS283加法器的简介 74LS加法器是4为超前进位加法器，能够实现两个数值信号的相加。1.2.4 初始要求电路能够实现初始设定，起步费为6.0元，并在车行3公里后再按2.0元/公里计算，车停止不计费，能将路程及车费显示出来。1.2.5 所用软件工具本次设计主要使用了Multisim10进行电路的设计与仿真。 Multisim是加拿大图像交互技术公司（Interactive Image Technoligics 简称IIT公司)推出的以Windows为基础的仿真工具，适用于板级的模拟/数字电路板的设计工作。它包含了电路原理图的图形输入、电路硬件描述语言输入方式，具有丰富的仿真分析能力。工程师们可以使用Multisim交互式地搭建电路原理图，并对电路进行仿真。Multisim提炼了SPICE仿真的复杂内容，这样工程师无需懂得深入的SPICE技术就可以很快地进行捕获、仿真和分析新的设计，这也使其更适合电子学教育。通过Multisim和虚拟仪器技术，PCB设计工程师和电子学教育工作者可以完成从理论到原理图捕获与仿真再到原型设计和测试这样一个完整的综合设计流程。Multisim软件结合了直观的捕捉和功能强大的仿真，能够快速、轻松、高效地对电路进行设计和验证。凭借NI Multisim，您可以立即创建具有完整组件库的电路图，并利用工业标准SPICE模拟器模仿电路行为。借助专业的高级SPICE分析和虚拟仪器，您能在设计流程中提早对电路设计进行的迅速验证，从而缩短建模循环。与NI LabVIEW和SignalExpress软件的集成，完善了具有强大技术的设计流程，从而能够比较具有模拟数据的实现建模测量。2.1系统工作原理 本设计方案系统的总体工作原理如图1所示。按行驶里程收费，起步费为6.0元，并在车行3公里后再按2.0元/公里，最高计费为99.9元，车停止不计费，将路程及车费显示出来。 路程的计算来自于车轮给予的脉冲，车启动后计费器开始工作。本设计方案为设定每米车轮给路程计数器一个脉冲，并通过显示器把路程显示出来，同时把路程与预置的3公里进行比较，当路程小于等于3公里时，车费显示为6元。当路程大于3公里且接收到50米脉冲时，计费器加一毛钱。当加够一块钱时，计数器进位，与预置为6元的加法器相加。当加法器够十元，进位，使十元的计数器工作，计数。本设计方案，显示的最高车费为99.9元。 路程脉冲计数显示路程与3公里比较50米脉冲十进制计数器，每来一个脉冲，加一毛钱显示多少毛钱进位计数器及预置6元的加法器显示多少元钱进位计数器显示多少十元大于3公里 时图1 工作原理图本设计方案的系统主要电路图如图2所示。两个脉冲发生器均为由车轮传来的并经过计数器计数的脉冲。且此图只显示车费。 图2 系统主要电路图 2.2 器件选择2.2.1 74LS160计数器的功能图3 74LS160芯片图 74LS160 是一个具有异步清零、同步置数、可以保持状态不变的十进制上升沿计数器，共有54/74160 和54/74LS160 两种线路结构型式。74LS160异步清零端/MR1 为低电平时，不管时钟端CP信号状态如何，都可以完成清零功能。 74LS160的预置是同步的。当置入控制器/PE为低电平时，在CP上升沿作用下，输出端Q0-Q3与数据输入端P0-P3一致。对于54/74160，当CP由低至高跳变或跳变前，如果计数器控制端CEP、CET为高电平，则/PE应避免由低至高电平的跳变，而54/74LS160无此种限制。 74LS160的计数是同步的，靠CP同时加在四个触发器上而实现的。 当CEP、CET均为高电平时，在CP上升沿作用下Q0-Q3同时变化，从而消除了异步计数器中出现的计数尖峰。对于54/74LS160的CEP、CET跳变与CP无关。 74LS160有超前进位功能。当计数溢出时，进位输出端（TC）输出一个高电平脉冲，其宽度为Q0的高电平部分。 在不外加门电路的情况下，可级联成N位同步计数器。 对于54/74LS160，在CP出现前，即使CEP、CET、/MR发生变化，电路的功能也不受影响。 选择74LS160主要用于接受脉冲，计算路程，及用其进位输出使控制车费的计数器工作进行计费。2.2.2 74LS283加法器组成预置数计数器图4 74LS283芯片图74LS283加法器是4为超前进位加法器，能够实现两个数值信号的相加。在本设计中，先使加法器A端设为6，B端为计数器所输出的数值信号。而在本设计方案中，用上一级传来的进位，用计数器输出，与6相加，这样就可以使输出数是从6到9，后又可从0到9循环。图5 74LS283结构图2.2.3 74LS85比较器的组成和内部结构74LS85比较器的内部结构主要如图6所示，其功能表如表1所示。图6 74LS85结构图74LS85比较器是一个4位数值比较器，它是由高位开始比较，逐位进行。若最高位已比较出大小，则以后各位大小都对比较结果没有影响；如果最高位相等，则比较次高位；同理，次高位已比较出大小，则以后各位大小对结果没有影响。如果4位比较都相等，则再看级联信号输入。级联输入信号是由低位比较器的输出而来。第13页表1 74L85功能表输入输出A3 B3A2 B2A1 B1A0 B0IABIABFABFA=BA3B3HLLA3B3LHLA3=B3A2B2HLLA3=B3A2B2LHLA3=B3A2=B2A1B1HLLA3=B3A2=B2A1B1LHLA3=B3A2=B2A1=B1A0B0HLLA3=B3A2=B2A1=B1A0B0LHLA3=B3A2=B2A1=B1A0=B0HLLHLLA3=B3A2=B2A1=B1A0=B0LHLLHLA3=B3A2=B2A1=B1A0=B0HLLHA3=B3A2=B2A1=B1A0=B0HHLLLLA3=B3A2=B2A1=B1A0=B0LLLHHL2.2.4 设计所需的器件归纳序号器 件型号数量1计数器74LS16062加法器74LS28313比较器74LS28314与非门74LS0015与门74LS0816非门74LS0417七段数码显示器DCD-HEX38时钟电压源22.3电路设计 按照设计原理图来一步步分模块进行设计，然后综合。2.3.1 路程的计数及显示设函数发生器为车轮每米所传来的信号，则即可用74LS160对其进行计数。下图图7仅为百米的计数器。图7 0099的计数器电路图路程的计数与显示即可从这个方法得出，有时路程远了，其实也就不用计数器了，一般都是两人直接商量车费价格了，所以说，路程显示不一定要很大，10公里就差不多了。2.3.2 路程与预设值的比较 电路如图9所示，设函数发生器1为车轮直接传来的脉冲信号，函数发生器2为通过计数器计数完的总路程脉冲信号。 预设比较器一端为3，与传来的信号相比较，当小于或等于3公里时，比较器输出为0，即此段时间车费显示为6元。 当传来脉冲信号大于3公里且上面的计数器计数到50米后，通过与门输出高电平，使下一个计数器开始计数。图8 比较器的应用2.3.3 加法器的预置使加法器A1A4端预置为6，B1B4端为计数器所输出的数值信号。而在本设计方案中，用上一级传来的进位，用计数器接受并输出到加法器，使其与6相加，这样就可以使输出数不会突变，而是在6的基础上循环。图9 加法器的预置2.3.4 路程计数及显示图10 路程计数电路2.4 系统整体电路运行及车费的显示图11 综合电路2.4.1仿真结论经过路程计数的显示与车费计费的显示表明，该设计基本符合设计要求，实现了计费器的计程功能与计费功能。3.1结论1.设计原理明了，设计步骤清晰，设计电路基本达到设计的要求。2.这次的课程设计使我对所学的数电知识起到了加深和巩固的作用，也使我有的了搭建和调试实验电路的能力。3.锻炼了我主动学习的能力、与他人合作的能力，及从各种渠道获得一定的资料共同加以学习研究，提高了个人的综合动手能力。 4.使我