某某市医疗垃圾无害化焚烧处理厂环境影响报告书.doc

er and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. Youll soon learn English! he said. I wonder. In England, each man speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I dont understand them ! Do they speak English ?lesson26 The best art critics 最佳美术评论家I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understand modern art. They always tell you what a picture is about. Of course, many pictures arc not about anything. They are just pretty patterns. We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. They notice more. My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday. What are you doing ? she asked. Im hanging this picture on the wall, I answered. Its a new one. Do you like it ? She looked at it critically for a moment. Its all right, she said, but isnt it upside-down ? I looked at it again. She was right! It was!Lesson27 A wet night 雨夜Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelt good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they pet out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping-bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!Lesson28 No parking 禁止停车Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with motorists. when he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn motorists to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!Lesson29 Taxi! 出租汽车！Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. The taxi is a small Swiss aeroplane called a Pilatus Porter. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. Captain Fawcetts first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.Lesson30 Football or polo? 足球还是水球？The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children, but there werent any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank. Lesson31 Success story 成功者的故事Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1938 he bought a small work-shop of his own. During the war Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. By the end of the war, the small work-shop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their sons bicycle! Lesson32 Shopping made easy 购物变得很方便People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater than ever before-especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop-assistant was her daughter. The girl gave her mother a free dress once a week !lesson33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.Lesson34 Quick work 破案“神速”Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more. At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train. Ted was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen !Lesson35 Stop thief! 捉贼！Rov Trenton used to drive a taxi. A short while ago, however, he became a bus-driver and he was not regretted it. He is finding his new work far more exciting. When he was driving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag full of money. Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves. The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police. The thieves car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested. Lesson36 Across the Channel 横渡海峡Erna Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five oclock in the morning. Erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes lo set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. Ernas father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Erna intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. Most of Ernas school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Ernas mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.Lesson37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway-line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called Olympic City. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.Lesson38 Everything except the weather 惟独没有考虑到天气My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.Lesson39 Am I all right? 我是否痊愈？While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington. When the doctor answered the phone, Mr Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr John Gilbert. He asked if Mr Gilberts operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. Then Dr Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. No, the patient answered, I am Mr John Gilbert. Lesson40 Food and talk 进餐与交谈Last week at a dinner-party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs Rumbold. Mrs Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation. A new play is coming to The Globe soon, I said. Will you be seeing it ? No, she answered. Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year ? I asked. No, she answered. Will you be staying in England? I asked. No, she answered. In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner. Young man,医疗垃圾无害化焚烧处理厂环境影响报告书前 言市是一座具有悠久历史和文化底蕴的较大城市。近年来，随着经济的发展，城市基础设施建设的速度加快。市政府于1999年投资兴建一座城市垃圾卫生填埋场，结束了市生活垃圾简单填埋、处理不科学的历史。但该填埋场主要处理的是生活垃圾，对于医疗垃圾的处理，仍无法达到国家有关医疗垃圾处理污染控制标准和要求。目前，我市只有市中心医院、传染病医院有单独的医疗垃圾处理设备，对产生的医疗垃圾自行焚烧处理。其他各大小医院（尤其是门诊部、诊所等规模小、比较分散的医疗机构）产生的医疗垃圾大都与生活垃圾混在一起，增加了污染空间和传染途径，对人们的生活环境、身体健康造成了潜在的危害。此外，各医院自行焚烧医疗垃圾存在着严重的弊端，因大多数医院都位于市区，医疗垃圾焚烧产生的尾气中含有各种有毒有害的烟尘、酸性气体、重金属物质和有毒有机物质，对周围环境产生二次污染，极大威胁了周围居民的身体健康。为保证广大市民的身体健康，避免医疗垃圾成为新的污染源和病菌传播源，受市政府委派，市城市管理局拟建一座医疗垃圾无害化焚烧处理厂，将全市的医疗垃圾统一收集，集中无害化处置。根据国务院（98）253号令建设项目环境保护管理条例等有关法规的要求，2003年5月16日市城市管理局填写了河北省建设项目立项前环境保护意见表，市环境保护局对该表进行了批复，要求该项目编制环境影响报告书（见附件1）。为此，市城市管理局于2003年5月20日委托煤炭工业设计研究院环保工程所承担本项目的环境影响评价工作（见附件2）。接受委托后，我所组织有关人员对工程现场进行了实地踏勘并收集了相关资料。在此基础上，按照环境影响评价技术导则的要求，编制了该项目的环境影响评价大纲。2003年7月10日市环境保护局作出关于市医疗垃圾无害化焚烧处理厂医疗垃圾焚烧项目环境影响评价执行标准的函的批复（附件3）。我所依照批复和环境影响评价大纲，编制了市医疗垃圾无害化处理厂环境影响报告书（报审版）。在大纲及报告书的编制过程中得到了市环境保护局和建设单位的大力支持和协助，在此一并致谢。1总论1.1编制依据1.1.1 建设项目环境保护管理条例（国务院（98）253号令）；1.1.2 国务院关于环境保护若干问题的决定（国发（1996）31号文）；1.1.3 中华人民共和国环境影响评价法（九届人大常务委员会第30次会议通过，2002.10.28）；1.1.4 中华人民共和国固体废弃物污染防治法（八届人大常务委员会第16次会议通过，1995.10.30）；1.1.5 医疗垃圾焚烧环境卫生标准(CJ3036-1995)；1.1.6 医疗废弃物焚烧设备技术要求(CJ/T3083-1999)；1.1.7 危险废物焚烧污染控制标准(GB18484-2001)；1.1.8 危险废物贮存污染控制标准（GB18597-2001）；1.1.9 危险废物鉴别标准（GB5085.1-3-1996）；1.1.10 河北省建设项目环境保护管理条例（省八届人大常委会第24次会议通过，1996.12.17）；1.1.11 市医疗垃圾无害化焚烧处理厂建设项目立项前环境保护意见表（市环境保护局，2003.5.16）；1.1.12环境影响评价技术导则（HJ/T2.1-2.3-93，HJ/T2.4-95）；1.1.13环境影响评价技术导则非污染生态影响（HJ/T19-1997）；1.1.14市医疗垃圾无害化焚烧处理厂项目建议书（代可行性研究报告）（煤炭工业设计研究院，2003年6月）；1.1.15 关于开展“市医疗垃圾无害化焚烧处理厂项目”环境影响评价工作的委托书；1.1.16关于市医疗垃圾无害化焚烧处理厂医疗垃圾焚烧项目环境影响评价执行标准的函（市环境保护局（函）2003105号，2003.7.10）；1.1.17市医疗垃圾无害化焚烧厂环境影响评价大纲（煤炭工业设计研究院环保工程所，2003年6月）；1.1.18建设单位提供的其他资料。1.2 评价目的和指导思想1.2.1评价目的1、根据环境保护的要求，结合工程特点，明确最优的厂址选择方案。2、通过环境现状调查，掌握项目所在地区的自然环境、社会环境及环境质量现状，为环境影响评价提供依据。3、通过工程分析，确定该项目的污染源、主要环境要素和污染因子。分析论述项目拟采用工艺的先进性和可行性。4、预测项目建成后对周围环境的影响程度和影响范围。5、从技术、经济角度分析拟采用治理措施的可行性，并提出避免和减少污染的对策和建议，进而从环境保护的角度对工程的可行性做出明确的结论。 通过上述工作，使本评价达到为管理部门决策、设计部门优化设计、建设单位环境管理提供科学依据的目的。1.2.2指导思想 1、贯彻环境评价为工程建设服务，为环境管理服务，为领导及主管部门提供决策依据，注重环境评价的实用性。 2、贯彻执行“达标排放”、“总量控制”、“清洁生产”等环保政策法规。 3、在确保环评质量的前提下，充分利用现有资料，尽量缩短评价周期，满足工程项目进度的要求。4、报告书内容主次分明，重点突出，数据可靠，结论明确，实用性强，符合国情厂情。1.3 评价工作等级1.3.1环境空气影响评价工作等级拟建厂址位于生活垃圾填埋场内东南角处。区域地形属丘陵区，周围无文物古迹，自然保护区等特殊的环境敏感点；本区环境空气为二类功能区；本项目投资435.01万元，属中型建设项目。本项目各污染物的等标排放量的计算结果见表1-1。根据环境影响评价技术导则（HJ/T2.2-93），确定评价工作等级见表1-2。表1-1 污染物等标排放量污染物烟尘SO2NOxHF等标排放量Pi（m3/h）1.141064.141061.861071.12104表1-2 评价工作级别 Pi（m3/h）地形Pi2.51092.5109Pi2.5108Pi2.5108复杂地形一二三平原二三三 由表1-1可知，NOx的等标排放量1.86107m3/h最大，但远远小于三级评价工作等级的要求，因此本项目仅对大气作环境影响预测。1.3.2声环境影响评价工作等级该项目距最近的环境敏感点南高峒村约780m，距离较远，声环境评价远低于环境影响评价技术导则-声环境（HJ/T2.4-95）三级评价的要求，因此本评价只进行厂界噪声达标分析。1.3.3 水环境影响评价工作等级 本项目工艺用水主要是烟气净化系统的喷淋用水，全部循环使用；另有少量的冲洗废水，消毒达标后由吸污车运至垃圾填埋场的污水处理站；生活污水量很小，经垃圾填埋场污水处理站处理后，回用于垃圾填埋场，不外排。因此，本评价只对工艺用水循环使用和污废水回用于填埋场进行可行性分析。1.4评价内容及评价重点1.4.1评价内容根据环境影响评价技术导则的要求，结合该项目工艺特征，确定本次评价工作的内容为：工程分析、区域环境调查、环境空气影响预测与评价、水环境影响分析、固废物影响分析、声环境影响分析、医疗垃圾处理工艺和厂址可行性论证、环保措施可行性论证、清洁生产和总量控制、公众参与调查、环保投资及经济损益分析、环境管理与监测计划。1.4.2评价重点结合该项目的排污特点及周围环境特征，本评价在对工艺过程进行透彻分析的前提下，以环境空气影响预测与评价、医疗垃圾处理工艺和厂址可行性论证为重点。1.5 评价因子据现场踏勘，拟建厂址位于城市垃圾填埋场的东南角，区域环境污染源主要是垃圾运输和填埋过程中产生的粉尘、蚊蝇、渗沥液、噪声、有害气体、恶臭和飞扬物等。结合本项目的排污特点及本区的环境状况，本次评价选择以下污染因子作为评价对象：污染物分析因子：大气：烟尘，SO2，NOx，HCl、CO、二噁英水：COD声：等效连续A声级固体废弃物：飞灰、炉渣环境质量评价因子：环境空气： TSP、SO2、NOx、CO声环境: 等效连续A声级1.6 评价范围及环境保护目标1.6.1 评价范围1、环境空气：根据环境空气影响评价等级、项目所在地环境功能区划及环境敏感程度，确定环境空气评价以厂址为中心，南3.0km，北3.0km，东2.0km，西2.0km，评价范围24km2。2、声环境：厂界。1.6.2 环境保护目标由于评价范围内无文物古迹、自然保护区及水源保护区，环境敏感点仅是农村等人口集中区，所以本次评价大气保护目标为南高峒村、北高峒村及后郭庄村，保护级别为2级；声环境保护目标为厂界，厂界噪声值满足工业企业厂界噪声标准（GB12348-90）中类区标准。1.7 评价标准本次评价采用市环境保护局批准的标准。（见附件5）1.7.1环境质量标准1、环境空气执行环境空气质量标准（GB3095-1996）中二级标准；2、声环境执行城市区域环境噪声标准（GB3096-93）中2类区标准，南高峒村等环境敏感点执行1类标准；3、地表水环境执行地表水环境质量标准（GB3838-2002）中的标准。1.7.2污染物排放标准1、大气污染物：焚烧炉外排烟气执行危险废物焚烧污染控制标准（GB18484-2001）中表3的标准，其他污染物执行大气污染物综合排放标准（GB16297-1996）表2中的二级标准限值；2、噪声：施工期噪声执行建筑施工场界噪声限值（GB12523-90）中的相应标准，运营期噪声执行工业企业厂界噪声标准（GB12348-90）中类区标准；3、废水：执行污水综合排放标准（GB8978-1996）表4中的二级标准。1.7.3 控制标准1、危险废物贮存污染控制标准（GB18597-2001）； 2、危险废物鉴别标准（GB5085.1-3-1996）。以上各标准限值见表1-3、1-4。 表1-3 环境质量标准浓度限值环境要素污染因子标准值单位标准来源年均值日均值TSP0.200.30mg/m3环境空气质量标准GB3095-1996中二级标准SO20.060.15mg/m3环境空气NO20.040.08mg/m3CO-4.00mg/m3铅1.00-g/m3噪 声等效连续A声级昼间：60夜间：50dB（A）城市区域环境噪声标准GB3096-93中2类标准地表水pH69-地表水环境质量标准GB3838-2002中的标准COD30mg/L 表1-4 污染物排放标准浓度限值时段序号污染源污染物标准值单 位标准来源施工期1施工机械噪声推土机、挖掘机昼75，夜55；打桩机昼85，夜间禁用；搅拌机，振捣棒昼70，夜55；吊车，升降机昼65，夜55Leq(dB)建筑施工厂界噪声限值GB12523-902施工扬尘颗粒物无组织排放监控浓度限值：1.0mg/m3大气污染物综合排放标准GB16297-1996中表2的标准运运营期烟尘80危险废物焚烧污染控制标准GB18484-2001中表3 的标准焚烧炉SO23003CO80NO2500镉及其化合物0.1铅及其化合物1.0汞及其化合物0.1mg/m3砷、镍及其化合物1.0铬、锡、锑、铜、镭及其化合物4.0HF7.0HCl70二噁英类0.5TEQng/m34设备噪声Leq厂界：昼间60，夜间50dB工业企业厂界声标准GB12348-90类标准5生活污水COD150mg/L污水综合排放标准GB8978-1996表4中二级标准SS1502 项目概况项目名称：市医疗垃圾无害化焚烧处理厂建设性质：新建建设单位：市城市管理局建设地点：推荐方案厂址位于县三陵乡境内垃圾填埋场的东南角，（项目地理位置参见附图1）建设规模：设计规模为8t/d，主要处理市内三区及县各医疗机构产生的医疗废物占地面积：9800m2主体工程：焚烧厂房90m2、办公室194.4 m2、宿舍、食堂155.5m2、 门卫9.0m2、卫生间、更衣室38.88m2、消毒、淋浴室49.5m2、变电所9.9m2、垃圾箱储存间36.45m2、消毒池4.86m2和车库106.0m2（厂区平面布置见附图2）。劳动定员：30人（其中管理人员3人，生产工人17人和辅助工人10人）年工作日：365天（每天焚烧20个小时）工程总投资：435.01万元年运行成本：261.63万元，单位运行成本896元/t年总成本：285.63万元，单位处理总成本978.19元/t3 工程分析3.1 医疗垃圾来源 根据2003年5月