七年级上册全册语法总结(代词名词动词).doc

目录 第一讲：动词 1. Be 动词 2. 动词第三人称单数 第二讲：代词 1. 人称代词及物主代词 2. 指示代词 第三讲：名词 1. 名词的数 2. 名词的所有格 第四讲：数词 1. 基数词 2. 序数词 第五讲：介词 第六讲：句型 1. 肯定句 2. 否定句 3. 一般疑问句 4. 特殊疑问句 5. There be 句型 第一讲： 动词（一） Be 动词（am, is, are）的用法 口诀：I 用am , you 用are ,is 连着他（he）她（she）它（it）。单数统统用is，复数一律都用are. 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃，变否定，更容易，be 后not莫忘记，疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 注意：be 动词通常会和其他词连写在一起，如：Im , whats ,names, theyre等 For example：-What is your name?= -Whats your name? -My name is Cindy. = -My names Cindy. -Are you a student? = -Are you a student? -Yes, I am a student. = Yes, Im a student. -What are they? =-What are they? -They are apples. =Theyre apples. What is this? =Whats this? Exercises I _ a student. You _ Japanese. He _ my brother. She_ very nice. My name _Harry. I _ 10 years old. LiLei _ very tall. Mary, this _ Tom. What_ this? Miss Zhou _ my teacher. This book_ very interesting. Li Lei and I _ good friends. These _ apples. Those_ bananas. They _students. There _ some bread on the plate. The cat_ black. _ she from China? _ you good at English? The books _ on the desk. The black pants _ for Su Yang. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. Here _ some sweaters for you. There _ a girl in the room. This pair of boots _ for Yang Ling. _ David and Helen from England? There_some milk for me. There _ some apples on the tree. _ there any kites in the classroom? Gao Shans shirt _ over there. Some tea _ in the glass. My sisters name _Nancy. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? My telephone number _ 8563-0770. （二）动词第三人称单数的构成规则： a.一般情况下在动词词尾加s 如：get-gets like-likes playplays， wantwants， workworks， knowknows， helphelps，getgets b. 以字母s、x、ch或o结尾的动词加-es；如：guessguesses， fixfixes， teachteaches， brushbrushes， gogoes，dodoes，watchwatches，catchcatches c. 以辅音字母y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es。如：studystudies，carrycarries，flyflies，worryworries特殊词： have-has Exercises一 完成句子。 1. I_ (know) the boy. 2. They_ (go) to work on Sundays. 3. He usually_ (come) to school early. 4. I often_ (have) rice, meat and vegetables. 5. My grandfather _ (play) sports in the park. 6. Miss Li _ (teach) English in our school. 7. The students of Class Four_ (sing) a song on Monday. 8. Alice and Jerry _ (do) homework after school. 9. We_ (take) a shower in the evening. 10. Her sister_ (have) Chinese every day. 11._ you_ (have) a soccer ball? 12. Mary_ (not come) from America. She _ (come) from Britain. 13._your mother_ (watch) TV every day? 14. _your sister_ (know) English? 15. Who_ (want) to go swimming? 二 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. We often _ (play) in the playground. 2. He _ (get) up at six oclock. 3. _you _ (brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What_ (do) he usually _ (do) after school?5. _ they _ (like) the World Cup? 6._Mike sometimes _ (go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she_ (watch) TV with his parents. 8 _Mike _ (read) English every day? 9. How many lessons_ your classmate_ (have) on Monday? 10. What time _his mother_ (do) the housework? 11. He usually _ (get) up at six in the morning. 12. She_ (have) blues eyes. 13. We _ (go) to school every day 14. The boy _ (like) playing football. 15. We_ (have) no classes on Sundays. 16. She_ (write) to her mother once a week. 17. It _ (rain) quite often during the month of July every year. 18. She often_ (watch) TV on Saturdays. 19. Mike usually_ (ride) a bike with his friends in the park. 20. Peter and Mary often_ (play) badminton together. 21. My mother_ (have) a lot of cousins. 22. Many people often _ (listen) to the radio in the morning. 23._ (do) she _ (like) playing the violin? Yes, she_ (do). 24. She_ (have) four brothers. She_ (like) them very much. 25. He often _(have) dinner at home. 26. We _ (not watch) TV on Monday. 27. Sandy usually _ (play) the piano on Sundays. 28. The cat_ (like) eating fish every much. 29. Su Hai and Su Yang _ (have) eight lessons this term. 30. She and I _ (take) a walk together every evening. 31. Who_ (teach) English in your school? 32. May I _ (know) your address? 33._ (be) you twelve? 34. She_ (like) fish, but she _ (not like) meat. 35. Her mother is good at _ (make) cakes. 36. Mr. Green wants _ (buy) a new watch. 37. Who_ (be) your English teacher? 38. My father _ (go) to bed at 10:00 every evening. 39. His friend _ (like, play) computer games. 40. Lets _ (watch) TV. 41. _Jim and Tom _ (like) hamburgers? 42. What kind of movies_ your grandfather_ (want) to see? 43. Where _ (be) the two volleyballs? 44. That_ (be) is his family photo. 45. We can_ (sing) English songs. 46. He can_ (do) Chinese Kungfu. 47. What time _Mr. Brown _(take) a shower? 48. Mrs. Jones _ (watch) TV in weekends. 49._ (be) your sisters in the bedroom? 50. My daughter_ (watch) TV every day. Sometimes she _ (see) a film on Sunday.第二讲：代词（一） 人称代词及物主代词人称代词主格Iyouhesheitwethey宾格meyouhimheritusthey物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsourstheir1.通常情况下，人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。2.通常情况下，人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语。3.形容词性的物主代词属于限定词，后面要跟它所限定的名词。4.通常情况下，人称代词主格会与跟在它后面的be动词缩写。如：Iam=Imyouare=youreheis=hessheis=shesitis=itsweare=weretheyare=theyreExercises一根据句子前后内容，写出正确的代词。LiLeiisfromChina._isChinese.MynameisGina._amastudent.ThisisTom._isinGradeTwo.HisnameisTony._telephonenumberis856-0770.Sheisastudent._nameisJulia.二.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thatisnot_kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_isverybig.(I)2.Thedressis_.Giveitto_.(she)3.Isthis_watch?(you)No,itsnot_.(I)4._ismybrother._nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_.(he)5._dressesarered.(we)Whatcolorare_?(you)6.Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_?(she)7.Icanfindmytoy,butwheres_?(you)8.Show_yourkite,OK?(they)9.Ihaveabeautifulcat._nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_.(it)10.Arethese_tickets?No,_arenot_._arenthere.(they)11.Shall_havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_classroom.(we)12._ismyaunt.Doyouknow_job?_anurse.(she)13.Thatisnot_camera._isathome.(he)14.Whereare_?Icant find_.Letscall_parents.(they)15.Donttouch_._notacat,_atiger!（it）16._sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_.(she)17._dontknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell_.(we)18.Somanydogs.Letscount_.(they)19.Ihavealovelybrother._isonly three.Ilike_verymuch.(he)20.MayIsitbeside_?(you)21.Lookatthatdesk.Thosebooksareon_.(it）22.Thegirlbehind_isourfriend.(she)（二）指示代词this,that,these,those.These是this的复数形式，指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事。Those是that的复数形式，指时间、距离较远或者前面已经提到的人或事。Forexample：Thisismyroom.ThatisLucysroom.Thesearehisbrothers.Thosearehisbooks. 第三讲：名词名词： 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词 （一） 名词的分类 名词分为普通名词和专有名词，其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。 可数名词包括个体名词（表示一类人或物的个体。如：boy，desk，cat，window）和集体名词（由若干个体组成的集合体。如：family，class，police）。 不可数名词包括物质名词（表示无法分为个体的实物。如：water，paper，silk，money）和抽象名词（表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work，happiness，music，difficulty，housework） 专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如：Tom，the Great Wall，the Spring Festival，France，the United States）。 （二）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种： （1）一般情况下，在词尾加s. e.g. bookbooks，dogdogs，penpens，boyboys 辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为s，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为z。 （2）以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词名词变复数时，要在词尾加es. e.g. beachbeaches，brushbrushes，busbuses，boxboxes（es读音为iz （3）以辅音字母y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加es. e.g. citycities，familyfamilies，documentarydocumentaries，countrycountries， strawberrystrawberries（ies读音为iz） （注：以元音字母+y结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s. e.g. boys，holidays，days） （4）以元音字母。结尾的名词，变复数时情况如下： 加eg. tomatotomatoes，potatopotatoes 结尾是两个元音字母的加s，e.g. zoozoos，radioradios 某些外来词变复数时词尾加s，e.g. pianopianos 一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s， e.g. photo（photograph）photos，kilo（kilogram）kilos zero变复数时，既可加s，也可加 e.g. zeroszeroes （5）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，先把f或fe变为v，再加es. e.g. wifewives，leaf leaves，halfhalves，knifeknives，thiefthieves（res读音为vz （注意：roof的复数为roofs； scarf的复数为scarfsscarves） （6）有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es，而是变换其中的字母。 e.g. manmen，womanwomen，policemanpolicemen，EnglishmanEnglishmen， FrenchmanFrenchmen， footfeet， toothteeth， childchildren，mousemice，OxOxen（公牛） （7）还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。 e.g. Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish （8）另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。 e.g. people，police，trousers，pants，clothes，scissors 另外，当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。 e.g. an apple tree，five apple trees，a girl friend，two girl friends，a twin sister 但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。 e.g. two men teachers，three women doctors 可用量词+of+名词复数这一结构表示可数名词的数量。 e.g. a room of students，two boxes of pencils 2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，它的数量的表示方式如下。 （1）表不定数量时，一般用much，（a）little，a lot oflots of，some，any等词修饰。 e.g. much money，a little bread （2）表确定数量时，一般用数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如：twothree+量词复数十of+不可数名词。 e.g. a bag of rice，two glasses of milk，four bottles of water 3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。 e.g. fruit水果fruits表示不同种类的水果；food食物foods各种食品；fish鱼fishes鱼的种类；drink饮料、酒a drink一杯一份饮料、一杯酒； cloth布，a cloth桌布、抹布； sand沙sands沙滩； tea茶a tea一杯茶；chicken鸡肉a chicken小鸡；orange橘汁an orange橘子； glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯，glasses眼镜； paper纸a paper试卷、论文；wood木头a wood小森林；room空间、余地a room房间 注：本册已经学过的不可数名词有：broccoli, food, dessert, orange, fruit, soccer, tennis, breakfast, lunch, dinner, help, opera, work, homework, time ice-cream, salad, chicken(既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词) (三)名词的所有格： 名词的所有格（表示人或物的所属关系） （1）有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。 不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加s. e.g. Mikes watch；Womens Day 以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加。 e.g. teachers office，students rooms 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加s. e.g. Tom and Mikes room汤姆和迈克的房间（表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房） 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加s. e.g. Marys and Jennys bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车（表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车） （2）无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构 e.g. a map of China，the beginning of this game，the door of the room （3）特殊形式 可用s和of短语表示的名词所有格 e.g. the boys name=the name of the boy（男孩的名字） the dogs legs=the legs of the dog（狗的腿） Chinas population=the population of China（中国的人口） Chinas capital=the capital of China（中国的首都） 双重所有格 e.g. a fiend of my mothers我妈妈的一个朋友 a picture of Toms汤姆的一张图片 Exercises1. 写出下列词的复数形式。 baby _ case_ knife_ photo_ Chinese_ hamburger_ potato_ key_ watch_ name_ strawberry_ wish_ tomato_ dollar_ orange_ people_ documentary_ boy_ piano_ child_ man_ this_ that_ I _ she_ you_ bus_ Japanese_ 2. 翻译短语 五门学科_ 三部电影_ 一些动作片_ 许多手表_ 一点食品_ 一点蔬菜_ 许多冰激凌_ 三块鸡肉_ 一些工作_ 许多作业_ 四辆公共汽车_ 3.选择填空 1There_- on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are many photoes B. are many photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has 3. There are four _and two_ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japan