全国自考试题汇总公共课ppt课件.ppt

Unit4ElectronicSystem Lesson12PersonalComputerSystems 1 Lesson12PersonalComputerSystems BackgroundsTexttourLanguageinuseVocabularyStructureReading writingtechniques 2 TerminologyCPURAM ROM BIOSCaching VirtualmemoryIDEControllerPCISCSI AGPUSB FireWireDSLmodem VDSLmodemOS Backgrounds 3 Terminology 4 Themicroprocessor brain ofthecomputersystemiscalledthecentralprocessingunit EverythingthatacomputerdoesisoverseenbytheCPU CPU 64 bitMicroprocessor 5 Random accessmemory RAM UsedtotemporarilystoreinformationthatthecomputeriscurrentlyworkingwithRead onlymemory ROM ApermanenttypeofmemorystorageusedbythecomputerforimportantdatathatdoesnotchangeBasicinput outputsystem BIOS AtypeofROMthatisusedbythecomputertoestablishbasiccommunicationwhenthecomputerisfirstturnedon RAM ROM BIOS RAMs 6 Caching ThestoringoffrequentlyuseddatainextremelyfastRAMthatconnectsdirectlytotheCPUVirtualmemory SpaceonaharddiskusedtotemporarilystoredataandswapitinandoutofRAMasneeded Caching Virtualmemory 7 IntegratedDriveElectronics IDE Controller Thisistheprimaryinterfacefortheharddrive CD ROMandfloppydiskdrive IDEController IDEController 8 PeripheralComponentInterconnect PCI Bus Themostcommonwaytoconnectadditionalcomponentstothecomputer PCIusesaseriesofslotsonthemotherboardthatPCIcardspluginto PCI PCIcard 9 SCSI thesmallcomputersysteminterfaceisamethodofaddingadditionaldevices suchasharddrivesorscanners tothecomputer AGP AcceleratedGraphicsPortisaveryhigh speedconnectionusedbythegraphicscardtointerfacewiththecomputer SCSI AGP 10 UniversalSerialBus USB Quicklybecomingthemostpopularexternalconnection USBportsofferpowerandversatilityandareincrediblyeasytouse FireWire IEEE1394 FireWireisaverypopularmethodofconnectingdigital videodevices suchascamcordersordigitalcameras toyourcomputer USB FireWire 11 DigitalSubscriberLine DSL modem Thisisahigh speedconnectionthatworksoverastandardtelephoneline Veryhighbit rateDSL VDSL modem AnewervariationofDSL VDSLrequiresthatyourphonelinehavefiber opticcables DSLmodem VDSLmodem 12 Operatingsystem Thisisthebasicsoftwarethatallowstheusertointerfacewiththecomputer OS 13 Texttour OutlineOntheInsideConnectionsI OsPortsInternet networkconnectionFromPoweruptoShutdownBIOSOS 14 CPUMemoryRAMROMBIOSVirtualmemoryCaching OntheInsideCPU memory 15 Motherboardthemaincircuitboard alloftheotherinternalcomponentsconnecttoit PowersupplyAnelectricaltransformerregulatestheelectricityusedbythecomputer OntheInsideMotherboard Powersupply 16 HarddiskThisislarge capacitypermanentstorageusedtoholdinformationsuchasprogramsanddocuments OperatingsystemThisisthebasicsoftwarethatallowstheusertointerfacewiththecomputer OntheInsideHarddisk Operatingsystem 17 IntegratedDriveElectronics IDE ControllerThisistheprimaryinterfacefortheharddrive CD ROMandfloppydiskdrive PeripheralComponentInterconnect PCI BusThemostcommonwaytoconnectadditionalcomponentstothecomputer PCIusesaseriesofslotsonthemotherboardthatPCIcardspluginto SCSIthesmallcomputersysteminterfaceisamethodofaddingadditionaldevices suchasharddrivesorscanners tothecomputer AGPAcceleratedGraphicsPortisaveryhigh speedconnectionusedbythegraphicscardtointerfacewiththecomputer OntheInsideIDEcontroller PCIBus SCSI AGP 18 SoundcardThisisusedbythecomputertorecordandplayaudiobyconvertinganalogsoundintodigitalinformationandbackagain GraphicscardThistranslatesimagedatafromthecomputerintoaformatthatcanbedisplayedbythemonitor OntheInsideSoundcard Graphicscard Soundcard 19 MonitorKeyboardMouseRemovablestorageFloppydiskCD ROMFlashmemoryDVD ROM ConnectionsInput output 20 ParallelThisportiscommonlyusedtoconnectaprinter SerialThisportistypicallyusedtoconnectanexternalmodem UniversalSerialBus USB FireWire IEEE1394 ConnectionsPorts 21 ModemThisisthestandardmethodofconnectingtotheInternet Localareanetwork LAN cardThisisusedbymanycomputers particularlythoseinanEthernetofficenetwork toconnectedtoeachother CablemodemSomepeoplenowusethecable televisionsystemintheirhometoconnecttotheInternet ConnectionsInternet networkconnections 22 DigitalSubscriberLine DSL modemThisisahigh speedconnectionthatworksoverastandardtelephoneline Veryhighbit rateDSL VDSL modemAnewervariationofDSL VDSLrequiresthatyourphonelinehavefiber opticcables ConnectionsInternet networkconnections 23 POSTTheBIOSdetermineswhetherthevideocardisoperational TheBIOScheckstoseeifthisisacoldbootorareboot Ifitisacoldboot theBIOSverifiesRAMbyperformingaread writetestofeachmemoryaddress TheBIOSlooksatthesequenceofstoragedevicesidentifiedasbootdevicesintheCMOSSetup Thebootstraploaderloadstheoperatingsystemintomemoryandallowsittobeginoperation FromPower uptoShutdownBIOS 24 ProcessormanagementBreakingthetasksdownintomanageablechunksandprioritizingthembeforesendingtotheCPUMemorymanagementCoordinatingtheflowofdatainandoutofRAManddeterminingwhenvirtualmemoryisnecessaryDevicemanagementProvidinganinterfacebetweeneachdeviceconnectedtothecomputer theCPUandapplications FromPower uptoShutdownOS 25 StoragemanagementDirectingwheredatawillbestoredpermanentlyonharddrivesandotherformsofstorageApplicationInterfaceProvidingastandardcommunicationsanddataexchangebetweensoftwareprogramsandthecomputerUserInterfaceProvidingawayforyoutocommunicateandinteractwiththecomputer FromPower uptoShutdownOS 26 Vocabularyfacetappliancevirtualregulatesequenceinterface Languageinuse 27 Vocabulary 28 Facetindictionary Oneofnumerousaspects asofasubject aphase 某一方面 29 Facetintext Whenyoumentiontheword technology mostpeoplethinkaboutcomputers Virtuallyeveryfacetofourliveshassomecomputerizedcomponent 一提到 技术 这个词 多数人都会想到计算机 实际上 和计算机相关的事物出现在我们生活中的方方面面 30 Applianceindictionary Adeviceorinstrumentdesignedtoperformaspecificfunction especiallyanelectricaldevice suchasatoaster forhouseholduse 器具 用具Adentalorsurgicaldevicedesignedtoperformatherapeuticorcorrectivefunction 医疗器械 31 Applianceintext Theappliancesinourhomeshavemicroprocessorsbuiltintothem asdoourtelevisions Evenourcarshaveacomputer 电视机等家用电器内部就有微处理器 汽车里也有计算机 32 Applianceinuse controlappliance控制设备conveyingappliance输送装置divingappliances潜水用具electricappliance电器first aidappliance急救用品householdappliances家用电器liftingappliance升降设备measuringappliance测量器具 33 Virtualindictionary Existingorresultinginessenceoreffectthoughnotinactualfact form orname 实质上的 实际上的Existinginthemind especiallyasaproductoftheimagination 虚的 内心的 34 Virtualintext Virtualmemory SpaceonaharddiskusedtotemporarilystoredataandswapitinandoutofRAMasneeded虚拟存储器 用于暂存数据和在需要时和RAM交换数据的硬盘空间 35 Virtualinuse Virtualampere value 有效安培 值 Virtualheight有效高度Virtualimage虚像Virtualground虚地Virtualcircuit虚电路Virtualreality虚拟现实 36 Regulateindictionary Tocontrolordirectaccordingtorule principle orlaw 管理Toadjusttoaparticularspecificationorrequirement 调节Toadjust amechanism foraccurateandproperfunctioning 调整Toputormaintaininorder 保持或使有条理 37 Regulateintext Powersupply Anelectricaltransformerregulatestheelectricityusedbythecomputer 电源 一种为计算机提供电能的电源管理器 38 Regulateinuse absolutepressureregulator绝对压力调节器buck and boostregulator电压升降调节器capacityregulator电容调节器diodevoltageregulator二极管稳压器electronicregulator电子稳压器linearregulator线性调节器phaseregulator相位调节器 调相器power factorregulator功率因数调节器 39 Interfaceindictionary Asurfaceformingacommonboundarybetweenadjacentregions bodies substances orphases 界面Apointatwhichindependentsystemsordiversegroupsinteract 接合点Thepointofinteractionorcommunicationbetweenacomputerandanyotherentity suchasaprinteror