工作危害分析.ppt

1 ConductingAnEffective JobHazardAnalysis Anintroductiontothe FiveStepProcess ofJobHazardAnalysis JHA 2 HouseKeeping Registration SignIn Smoking Restrooms ClassSchedule Breaks 3 Welcome IntroductionsName Position JobTitleTellusaboutyourselfWhatdoyouknowaboutJobHazardAnalysis JHA s 4 Goals Giventheinformationandexercisesinthisworkshop youwillbeableto ExplaintootherswhyJHA sareimportantRecognizehowtheJHAcanbeavaluableplanning production profitandsafetytool Knowthefive stepprocessandcompleteaJHA 5 FormTeams ElectateamleaderSelectaspokespersonEveryoneisarecorder Let sgettowork 6 JHAKeyTerms What saJob What saHazard What sanexposure WhatisAnalysis 7 Activity Workersintheirfirstyearwiththeiremployeraccountformorethan50 ofdisablingclaims Why listthreepossibleexplanations 8 JSAPurpose EffectiveJHA shelptheemployerrecognizeandcontrolhazardsandexposuresintheworkplace Howmighttheemployee sperceptionofa hazard differfromthatoftheemployerorsupervisor 9 Activity WhyisaJHAmoreeffectivethanwalk aroundinspectionsinreducingaccidentsintheworkplace 10 Probability Probabilityisdefinedas thechancethatagiveneventwilloccur 11 Probability Wecandeterminethesafetyprobabilitybasedonthefollowing Thenumberofemployeesexposed Thefrequencyanddurationofexposure Theproximityofemployeestothedangerzone 12 Probability Wecandeterminethesafetyprobabilitybasedonthefollowing Factorswhichrequireworkunderstress Lackofpropertrainingandsupervisionorimproperworkplacedesign orOtherfactorswhichmaysignificantlyinfluencethedegreeofprobabilityofanaccidentoccurring 13 ProbabilityRating Theprobabilityratingis Low Ifthefactorsconsideredindicateitwouldbeunlikelythatanaccidentcouldoccur Medium Ifthefactorsconsideredindicateitwouldbelikelythatanaccidentcouldoccur orHigh Ifthefactorsconsideredindicateitwouldbeverylikelythatanaccidentcouldoccur 14 Severity Thedegreeofinjuryorillnesswhichisreasonablypredictable 15 Severity Theseverityisbasedonthefollowingschedule OtherThanSerious Conditionsthatcouldcauseinjuryorillnesstoemployeesbutwouldnotincludeseriousphysicalharm firstaidforexample SeriousPhysicalHarm example allrecordableinjuriesandillnesses Death 16 DecisionMakingMatrix 4 17 Activity PickingApples Thereare20workerspickingapples Theorchardismadeupof400trees Theworkersarepaidbasedonhowmucheachoneofthempicks Well maintainedequipmentisprovidedbutthereisnotraining Theownerortheforemanwillbeinthegeneralareamostofthetime 18 Activity 19 JHAStep1 StepOne Watchtheworkbeingdone Whataresomeeffectivemethodstowatchtheworkbeingdone 20 JHAStep1 StepOne Watchtheworkbeingdone Whyisitimportanttoinvolvetheemployee 21 JHAStep2 StepTwo Breakthejobdownintosteps Step1 Step2 Step3 Step4 22 JHAStep3 StepThree Describethehazardsineachstepofthetask OneoftheprimarypurposesoftheJHAistomakethejobsafer Theinformationgatheredinthisstepwillbevaluableinhelpingtoeliminateand orreducehazardsassociatedwiththejob andimprovethesystemweaknessesthatproducedthem 23 Identifyingtypesofhazards Acceleration WhenwespeeduporslowdowntooquicklyToxic Toxictoskinandinternalorgans Radiation Non ionizing burns Ionizing destroystissue 24 Identifyingtypesofhazards Ergonomics Eightriskfactors1 HighFrequency 2 HighDuration 3 HighForce 4 Posture 5 PointofOperation 6 MechanicalPressure 7 Vibration 8 EnvironmentalExposure 25 Identifyingtypesofhazards Pressure Increasedpressureinhydraulicandpneumaticsystems Mechanical Pinchpoints sharppointsandedges weight rotatingparts stability ejectedpartsandmaterials impact Flammability Fire Inorderforcombustiontotakeplace thefuelandoxidizermustbepresentingaseousform 26 Identifyingtypesofhazards Biological Primarilyairborneandbloodborneviruses ViolenceInTheWorkplace Anyviolentactthatoccursintheworkplaceandcreatesahostileworkenvironmentthataffectsemployees physicalorpsychologicalwell being 27 Identifyingtypesofhazards Explosives Explosionsresultinlargeamountsofgas heat noise lightandover pressure ElectricalContact Inadequateinsulation brokenelectricallinesorequipment lightningstrike staticdischargeetc ChemicalReactions Chemicalreactionscanbeviolent cancauseexplosions dispersionofmaterialsandemissionofheat 28 AccidentTypes Struck by Apersonisforcefullystruckbyanobject Theforceofcontactisprovidedbytheobject Struck against Apersonforcefullystrikesanobject Thepersonprovidestheforceorenergy Contact by Contactbyasubstanceormaterialthat byitsverynature isharmfulandcausesinjury 29 AccidentTypes Contact with Apersoncomesincontactwithaharmfulsubstanceormaterial Thepersoninitiatesthecontact Caught on Apersonorpartofhis herclothingorequipmentiscaughtonanobjectthatiseithermovingorstationary Thismaycausethepersontolosehis herbalanceandfall bepulledintoamachine orsuffersomeotherharm Caught in Apersonorpartofhim heristrapped orotherwisecaughtinanopeningorenclosure 30 AccidentTypes Caught between Apersoniscrushed pinchedorotherwisecaughtbetweenamovingandastationaryobject orbetweentwomovingobjects Fall to surface Apersonslipsortripsandfallstothesurfacehe sheisstandingorwalkingon Fall to below Apersonslipsortripsandfallstoalevelbelowtheonehe shewaswalkingorstandingon 31 AccidentTypes Over exertion Apersonover extendsorstrainshimself herselfwhileperformingwork Bodilyreaction Causedsolelyfromstressimposedbyfreemovementofthebodyorassumptionofastrainedorunnaturalbodyposition Aleadingsourceofinjury Over exposure Overaperiodoftime apersonisexposedtoharmfulenergy noise heat lackofenergy cold orsubstances toxicchemicals atmospheres 32 JHAStep4 StepFour ControlMeasures Itisnowtimetoidentifythedesiredcontrolmeasuresforeachhazard 33 TheHierarchyofControls Engineeringcontrols Managementcontrols PersonalProtectiveEquipment PPE 34 EngineeringControls Consistofsubstitution isolation ventilation andequipmentmodification Thesecontrolsfocusonthesourceofthehazard unlikeothertypesofcontrolsthatgenerallyfocusontheemployeeexposedtothehazard Thebasicconceptbehindengineeringcontrolsisthat totheextentfeasible theworkenvironmentandthejobitselfshouldbedesignedtoeliminatehazardsorreduceexposuretohazards 35 M