Unit 6 Language.doc

Unit 6 LanguageWord Pretest1. Luxury: very comfortable situation surrounded by the best and most expensive things; sth expensive and enjoyable but unnecessary; lavishness,sumptuousness, extravagance; luxurious; (luxuriant)2. Originate: initiate, start, begin3. Exotic: foreign, alien, unusual4. Resort to: adopt, use5. Exploit: develop; make use of, make the most of; take advantage of; abuse, misuse, ill-use6. Assimilate: absorb, take in, help someone feel that they are part of a community and rather than culture feeling foreign7. Phonology8. Hysterical: hysteria; behaving in an uncontrolled way because you are extremely excited, afraid, or upsetText I Vocabulary ChangeBorrowing: a way of adding new vocabulary items to a languagePara1: borrow from another speaker1. peculiar to: particular, special 2. to mention a few place-names onlyPara2: words into English as a result of contact through invasionThe Norman conquest of England began on 28 September 1066 with the invasion of England by William, Duke of Normandy. William became known as William the Conqueror after his victory at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, defeating King Harold II of England. Harolds army had been badly depleted in the English victory at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in Northern England on 25 September 1066 over the army of King Harald III of Norway. By early 1071, William had secured control of most of England, although rebellions and resistance continued until approximately 1088.The Norman conquest was a pivotal event in English history. It largely removed the native ruling class, replacing it with a foreign, French-speakingmonarchy, aristocracy, and clerical hierarchy. This, in turn, brought about a transformation of the English language and the culture of England in a new era often referred to as Norman England.By bringing England under the control of rulers originating in France, the Norman conquest linked the country more closely with continental Europe, lessened Scandinavian influence, and also set the stage for a rivalry with France that would continue intermittently for many centuries. It also had important consequences for the rest of the British Isles, paving the way for further Norman conquests in Wales and Ireland, and the extensive penetration of the aristocracy of Scotland by Norman and other French-speaking families, with the accompanying spread of continental institutions and cultural influences.3. for matters of: things related with; speaking of, with regard to4. vice, crime, sinPara3: Analysis of the Influence of Norman Conquest by comparisonPara4-6: examples of the sorts of words borrowed from different cultures5. ensemble: set of clothes worn together, as a whole, all together, 6. lingerie: night gown; pajama7. suede: leather with a soft brushed surface8. rouge: blusher, make up, lipstick9. deluxe: luxurious10. delicatessen: a store that sells good quality cooked meat, cheese, and food from other countries11. sonata奏鸣曲12. soprano：女高音13. trombone：长号，拉管14. serenade:小夜曲15. bandanna:大头巾16. sari：莎丽17. bangle：bracelet; armlet; wristlet18. alchemy：炼金术，魔法19. almanac：日历，年鉴，历书20. algebra：代数21. polysyllabic:多音节的22. doublet: 同源异形或异议的同源词23. levee: dock, 24. prairie: plain25. mesa: plateau, highland26. patio: terrace, yard, veranda,天井，院子27. fatcakes28. smearcase: cottage cheese29. coleslaw:凉拌卷心菜30. stoop：游廊31. squash: 西葫芦, 2.英国果汁汽水32. moccasin: a soft leather shoe with a flat heel, (北美印地安人等穿的)鹿皮靴；硬底软(拖)鞋；(南美)有毒水蛇；噬鱼蛇33. squaw: 北美印地安女人，印第安人的妻子34. wigwam: tall tent used in the past by some native Americans as their home(印第安人的)棚屋35. banjo: 班卓琴36. gumbo：浓汤，秋葵荚37. voodoo：伏都教徒，黑人巫师Para7: time-related words38. marriage of convenience: a marriage in which the partners have married, not because they love each other, but in order to obtain some benefit, such as the right to live in the other partners country.39. It goes without saying: it is so obvious that you do not need to explain it.40. Go without: often something you have or do regularly, you do not get it or do it.Para8 assimilation to different degrees41. Decidedly: definitely, absolutely42. Salon: hair salon; beauty salon; rendezvous, get-together43. masseur :男按摩师44. Ghoul: ghost, phantom45. Hickory: a North American tree that produces nutsNarrowing and Widening46. Behold: look on47. Likewise:similarly48. Slowworm:蛇蜥49. Blindworm:蛇蜥50. Glowworm:萤火虫51. uterus: wombP87 Glossary1. mother tongue：母语2. spoken language：口语3. written language：书面语4. living language：正在使用的语言5. artificial language：计算机语言6. Queens English：英语普通话7. Standard English：标准英语8. Received pronunciation：标准发音9. Cockney:伦敦佬10. pidgin English：洋泾浜英语11. dialect：方言12. vernacular：本国语，本地话，土话13. etymology：词源14. semantics：语义学15. linguistics：语言学16. bilingual：双语17. Anglicism：英国风格，英国说法，英国惯用语18. Americanism：美国派，美式，美国习惯19.