仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5-220AS232REVIEW.ppt

AS232REVIEW HowmuchFuelreservedoyouneedwhenflyingIFR HowmuchFuelreservedoyouneedwhenflyingIFR Destinationplus45minutesIfanalternateisrequired thentodestination thentoalternate plus45minutes WhendoweneedanalternateunderIFR WhendoweneedanalternateunderIFR NOIAPatdestinationairport AlternateisrequiredregardlessofWXWithIAPatdestination 1 2 3Rule1Hourbeforeto1HourafterETA Iflessthan2000ftCeilingOR3statutemilesVisibilityforecast DuringanIFRdeparturewithlowceilings whendowecalldeparturecontrol DuringanIFRdeparturewithlowceilings whendowecalldeparturecontrol Wheninstructedtodosobythetower Ifthereisnotower thenwhentimepermitsonceairborne WhenshouldmodeCbeturnedonwhileonanIFRflight WhenshouldmodeCbeturnedonwhileonanIFRflight Atalltimes unlessrequiredbyATC List3RestrictionsATCcanputonyourdeparturetime List3RestrictionsATCcanputonyourdeparturetime ReleaseTimeHoldforReleaseClearanceVoidTime WhatisalwaysgivenwhenaCLEARANCELIMITisassigned WhatisalwaysgivenwhenaCLEARANCELIMITisassigned EFCTime expectfurtherclearancetime WhatisaCruiseClearance WhatisaCruiseClearance CanflyanyaltitudebetweenassignedcruiseandMEAClearedforanypublishedapproachatdestination WhatisVFRONTop WhatisVFRONTop AllowsapilottoflyVFRatVFRaltitudeswhilemaintaininghisIFRClearanceabovetheclouds WhatisCLIMBtoVFRONTop WhatisCLIMBtoVFRONTop AllowsapilottodepartIFR usuallytoafixsuchasaVOR anduponreachingVFRconditions toCanceltheIFRandcontinuetheflightVFR WhatisVFROVERtheTop WhatisVFROVERtheTop NothingtodowithIFR justaVFRpilotflyingontopofIMCconditions Whataltimetersettingshouldwebeusingifabove18 000feet Whataltimetersettingshouldwebeusingifabove18 000feet 29 92inNorthAmericaforpressurealtitude List2typesofDepartureProcedures List2typesofDepartureProcedures ODPSID DepartureStandards CriteriaU S StandardforTerminalInstrumentProcedures TERPs 200ft nmisminimumclimbgradientIFobstaclespenetrateaslopeof152ft nm beginningnohigherthan35feetabovethedepartureend aminimumceilingand orclimbgradientmayberequired HowcanyoutellifatriangleisaCompulsoryreportingpoint HowcanyoutellifatriangleisaCompulsoryreportingpoint ItisSolid Whataretheonly2thingsguaranteedattheMEA Whataretheonly2thingsguaranteedattheMEA Obstructionclearance1000feetinnon mountainousarea 2000feetifovermountainousterrain Acceptablenavigationsignalcoverage DefineMRA DefineMRAMinimumReceptionAltitude Minimumaltitudethatensuresnavigationalreceptionforoff airwayNavaid DefineMOCA DefineMOCAMinimumObstructionClearanceAltitude Precededbyanasterisk Thisaltitudemeetsobstacleclearancerequirementsandonlyensuresnavigationalsignalcoveragewithin22nmofthefacility WhatisMCA WhatisMCA MinimumCrossingAltitude ArequiredaltitudetochangefromalowerMEAtoahigherMEAtowardfastrisingterrainorobstructions MAA MAA MaximumAuthorizedAltitudeguaranteesyouwillonlyreceiveonenavigationalfacilityatatimebelowthisaltitude List3ChangeoverPoints List3ChangeoverPoints 1 Changeoversymbol2 Midpointofairway3 WhereaCourseChangeoccurs mileagebreakpoint ListtheRequiredReports AnytimeIFR REQUIREDREPORTS14CFR91 183 91 187 UNFORECASTWEATHERSAFETYOFFLIGHTALTITUDE TIMEOVERREQUESTEDREPORTINGPOINTSFAILUREOFNAVIGATION APPROACH ORCOMMUNICATIONEQUIPMENTINCONTROLLEDAIRSPACE 14CFR91 187 MALFUNCTIONREPORTWHOYOUAREWHATBROKEHOWITISAFFECTINGYOURIFRCAPABILITYWHATHELPDOYOUNEEDFROMATC SHOULDALWAYSREPORTWITHOUTREQUEST AIM5 3 3 VACATINGASSIGNEDALTITUDEALTITUDECHANGESWHENVFR ON TOPCHANGEINTAS5 OR10KTS WHICHEVERISGREATER UNABLETOCLIMB DESCENDATLEAST500FPMUPONREACHING LEAVINGHOLDINGFIXORCLEARANCELIMITMISSEDAPPROACH Additional NonRadar reports Whatreportsareonlyrequiredinanon radarenvironment POSITIONREPORTS 91 183a INBOUNDATFAFOROMETAERRORGREATERTHAN3MIN POSITIONREPORTAIM5 3 2d IDENTIFICATIONPOSITIONALTITUDETIMETYPEOFFLIGHTPLAN FORFSS ETA NAMEOFNEXTFIXNAMEONLYOFFOLLOWINGFIXSUPPLEMENTARYINFO REMARKS HOLDINGCLEARANCE DIRECTIONTOHOLDFROMFIX 8CARDINALCOMPASSPOINTS HOLDINGFIXCOURSE RADIAL BEARING AIRWAY DIRECTIONOFTURNS IFLEFTTURNS LEGLENGTH IFDMEORGPS EXPECTFURTHERCLEARANCETIME Listthe3holdentrytypes Listthe3holdentrytypes TeardropParallelDirect DirectEntry 180 sectorapproachingfixFlytofixandturninappropriatedirectionFirstturnisalwaysinthedirectionofthehold TeardropEntry Turntoheading30 fromoutboundheading LeftAdd RightSubtract Maintainfor1minute ParallelEntry Flyparalleltoinboundlegusingoutboundheadingonnon holdingsidefor1minuteRe interceptcoursefromholdingside The70 Rule P T D StandardHolding 70degreesectoronsamesideasdirectionofturnsinhold LookforOUTBOUNDHEADING directionofholding insector Wingtipreferencepoint 90degrees Fornon standardholdingtheTeardropsectorwillbetotheleftandParalleltotheright Whatisthemaxspeedforholding Whatisthemaxspeedforholding Upto6000MSL 200KIAS6001MSLto14000MSL 230KIAS14001MSLandabove 265KIAS Whatdirectionisastandardhold Whatdirectionisastandardhold Rightturnsarestandard Listthefoursegmentsofanapproachchart Listthefoursegmentsofanapproach InitialIntermediateFinalMissedapproach WhatdoestheMSAshownonanapproachchartguarantee WhatdoestheMSAshownonanapproachchartguarantee 1000feetofobstructionclearancewithin25nmoftheindicatedfacility WhatistheTDZE WhatistheTDZE TouchdownZoneElevation Thehighestelevationinthefirst3000feetofrunway DefineHAT DefineHAT HeightAboveTouchdownTheHeightabovetheTDZEfortherunwayspecifiedintheapproachUsedforstraight inminimums DefineHAA DefineHAA HeightAboveAirportHeightabovethehighestpointonallusablerunwaysUsedforcirclingminimums Whatisa SidestepManeuver Whatisa SidestepManeuver Whenyouareclearedforanapproachtoonerunway andthenclearedtolandonaparallelrunway Listthe4mainpartstoanapproachplate Listthe4mainpartstoanapproachplate HeadingPlanViewProfileViewMinimums Whatisa Timedapproachfromaholdingpattern Whatisa Timedapproachfromaholdingfix Whenthecontroltowerclearsyoutoleaveafixataspecifictimetoshootanapproachandyouwilladjustyourholdsoastoleavethefixatthatspecifiedtime Procedureturnnotauthorized NORTH N NoPT onroutesegmentO OtherwisedirectedbyATC clearedstraight in R RadarvectorstofinalapproachcourseT TimedapproachfromholdingfixH HoldingpatternorteardropinlieuofPT WhatistheMaximumspeedforCategory A approaches WhatistheMaximumspeedforCategory A approaches Upto90knots WhatisthespeedrangeallowedforaCategory B approach WhatisthespeedrangeallowedforaCategory B approach 91to120knots What3criteriamustbemetinordertodescendbelowMDA DH 14CFR91 175 c nopilotmayoperateanaircraftbelowtheauthorizedMDAorcontinueanapproachbelowtheauthorizedDHunless FlightvisibilityisnotlessthanthevisibilityprescribedinthestandardinstrumentapproachbeingusedandAircraftiscontinuouslyinapositionfromwhichadescenttoalandingontheintendedrunwaycanbemadeatanormalrateofdescentusingnormalmaneuversandRunwayenvironmentisinsight FLIGHTVISIBILITY14CFR1 1 Flightvisibilitymeanstheaverageforwardhorizontaldistance fromthecockpitofanaircraftinflight atwhichprominentunlightedobjectsmaybeseenandidentifiedbydayandprominentlightedobjectsmaybeseenandidentifiedbynight Namethe12thingsyoumustseeatDH MDAtocontinueanapproach RUNWAYENVIRONMENT atleastoneofthefollowingvisualreferencesfortheintendedrunwayisdistinctlyvisibleandidentifiabletothepilot Therunwayorrunwaymarkings runwaylights Thethreshold thresholdmarkings thresholdlights Thetouchdownzone markings touchdownzonelights Therunwayendidentifierlights Thevisualapproachslopeindicator Theapproachlightsystem exceptthatthepilotmaynotdescendbelow100feetabovethetouchdownzoneelevationusingtheapproachlightsasareferenceunlesstheredterminatingbarsortheredsiderowbarsarealsodistinctlyvisibleandidentifiable APPROACHLIGHTSYSTEMSAIM2 1 1 IFH7 31 ALSF 1hasredterminatingbarsALSF 2has2redsiderowbarsMALSR MALSF SSALR ODALS etc havenoredbarsMaydescendto100feetaboveTDZEifanyALSinsightMustseeoneoftheothervisualreferencestocontinuebelow100feetifnoredbars otherwiseMISSEDAPPROACH SOURCESOFWXINFO IN FLIGHT ATISAWOS ASOSFSSFLTWATCH 122 00 EFASHIWASTWEBCWA AIRMET WA SIGNIFICANTWXINTENDEDFORALLPILOTSINPREFLIGHTANDENROUTEPHASESOFFLIGHTANDENHANCESAFETYSIERRA EXTENSIVEMTNOBSCURATIONANDWIDESPREADIFRCONDITIONSTANGO MODERATETURBULENCEORSFCWINDS 30KTSZULU MODERATEICINGANDFREEZINGLEVELS SIGMET WS 1 TURBULENCE SEVEREOREXTREMEORCLEARAIRTURBULENCE CAT 2 ICING SEVERE3 WINDS DUSTSTORMSORSANDSTORMSLOWERINGVISIBILITYTOLESSTHAN3MILES4 VOLANICERUPTIONANDASH CONVECTIVESIGMET WST SEVERETHUNDERSTORMSdueto Surfacewindsgreaterthan50KtsHailatthesurfacegreaterthan in diameterTornadoesEMBEDDEDTHUNDERSTORMSALINEOFTHUNDERSTORMSTHUNDERSTORMSPRODUCINGHEAVYPRECIPAFFECTING40 ORMOREOFANAREAATLEAST3000SQUAREMILES ILLUSIONS AIM8 1 5 InversionCoriolisElevatorFalseHorizonsLeansAutokinesisGraveyardSpiral SpinSomatogravic RequiredInstrumentsforIFR91 205 d e GeneratororalternatorRadios Two wayCommunicationANDNavigationequipmentappropriatetofacilitiesusedAltimeter adjustable Ball slip skid ClockAttitudeIndicatorRateofturnindicatorDirectionalgyroDMEat aboveFL240 MagneticCompasserrors VariationDeviationMagneticDipOscillationNortherlyTurningErrorsAccelerationErrors WhenrollingoutTONorthorSouthHeading UNOSUndershootNorthOvershootSouth WheninitiatingaturnFROMNorthorSouthHeading NorthOppositeSouthExaggerate AccelerationErrors EastorWest ANDS AccelerateNorthDecelerateSouth The3FundamentalSkillsofattitudeinstrumentflying Cross checkInstrumentInterpretationAircraftControl Listthe3crosscheckerrors FixationOmissionEmphasis 2AttitudeInstrumentFlyingConcepts 1 ControlandPerformanceATTITUDE POWER PERFORMANCEControl AttitudeIndicator Tachometer orMP Performance everythingelse2 Primary SupportPITCHBANKPOWER INSTRUMENTS WhatisaPrimaryInstrument Theinstrumentthatprovidesthemostpertinentandessentialinformation WhatisaSupportingInstrument Supportinginstrumentsbackuptheprimaryinstruments Whataretheprimaryinstrumentsforstraight levelflight PITCH ALTIMETERBANK HEADINGINDICATORPOWER AIRSPEEDINDICATOR PITCH BANK POWER CHANGE STRAIGHT LEVEL WhatistheinstrumentusedtoestablishaCHANGEinflightattitude WhatistheinstrumentusedtoestablishaCHANGEinflightattitude ATTITUDEINDICATOR Listthreetypesofinformationdisplayedbytheturncoordinator RateofRollRateofTurnQualityofTurn Whataretheequipmenttests inspectionsrequiredforIFR AirworthinessDirectives recurring one time VOR preceding30days Inspections Annual 100hourifforhire Altimeter preceding24calendarmonthsTransponder preceding24calendarmonths ELT preceding12calendarmonths Staticsystem preceding24calendarmo VORChecks Withinpreceding30daysforIFRVOT VORTestfacility 360FROMor180TODesignatedGroundCheckpointPublishedinAFD 4ofdesignatedradialDesignatedAirbornecheckpointPublishedinAFD 6ofdesignatedradialAirwaycheckpoint91 171 b 4 6ofairwayradialDualVORcheckTunebothtosamestation 4degreesofeachother VORChecks ProcedureforVORCheckpointsSetOBStodesiredradialCDImustcenterwithinlimitsMustrecordinaircraftlogorotherrecord PLACEAMOUNTOFBEARINGERRORDATESIGNATURE AircraftSpeedLimits 10 000 MSL 250KIASAtorbelow2500 AGLwithin4nmoftheprimaryairportofaClassCorClassDairspace 200KIASAirspaceunderlyingaClassBorinaVFRcorridor 200KIAS BASICELEMENTSOFCLEARANCE CLEARANCELIMITROUTEALTITUDEFREQUENCYTRANSPONDERCODE 14CFR61 57 RecentFlightExperience PilotinCommandSection c Instrumentexperience6calendarmonths6approachesHolding InterceptingandTracking 66 HIT Section d Instrumentproficiencycheckhaveadditional6calendarmonthsgrace 14CFR91 103 PreflightAction NWKRAFT a ForaflightunderIFR pilotshouldknow N Notams allavailableinfoconcerningflight W weatherreportsandforecastsK knowntrafficdelaysR runwaylengthsA alternativesavailableF fuel