MSA培训讲义.ppt

TD S QM 24E 01ShanghaiJuly2005 MeasurementSystemAnalysis MSA MSA2 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Topic BasicconceptofmeasurementSystemAnalysisMeasurementSystemAnalysisApplication DeterminationAttributemeasurementsystemanalysisQ A TD S QM 24E 01ShanghaiJuly2005 SomebasicallyconceptforMSA MSA4 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MeasurementMeasurementToolsMeasurementSystem MSA5 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Bias Differencebetweenmeanofallmeasurementsandthereferencevalue Referencevaluecanbesetupbythemeanofmeasurementswithahigherqualitymeasurementsystem MSA6 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Differentmeanvaluesshowsdifferentresults Analysisforsystematicfailure BiasduetoOPERATER Differentpersongetdifferentresults BiasduetoEQUIPMENT Differentequipmentsshowsdifferentresults MSA7 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Stability Variationofameasuringsystembymeasuringthesamefeatureoveraperiodoftime MSA8 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Linearity Differencebetweenthemeasuredvalueandthereferencevaluewhenusingonemeasurementinstrumentovertheexpectedcharacteristicprocesswindow MSA9 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Repeatability Variationofthemeasurementresults ifthesameoperatorismeasuringthesamepart s severaltimes MSA10 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Reproducibility Variationofthemeansofthemeasurementresults ifdifferentoperatorsmeasurethesamepart s withthethesamemeasurementequipmentseveraltimes MSA11 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai GageR R repeatabilityandreproducibility AppliedintotalmeasurementsystemVariableAttribute TD S QM 24E 01ShanghaiJuly2005 MeasurementSystemAnalysisApplication Determination MSA13 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Whentouseit QualificationfortheequipmentComparisonbetweendifferentequipmentsConfirmationforthesuspiciousequipmentComparisonoftheequipmentbeforeandafterfixingitChangethemainpartsontheequipmentClassifythemeasurementequipmentNewproductspecification MSA14 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Obtainasampleandestablishitsreferencevaluerelativetoatraceablestandard Haveasingleappraisermeasurethesamplen 10timesinthenormalmanner Computetheaverageofthenreadings Bias average referencevalue IndependentSampleMethod MSA15 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Computetherepeatabilitystandarddeviationwhered2 istakenfromAppendix numberofsubgroups g 1 subgroupsize m nDeterminethetstatisticforthebias Biasisacceptableatthealevelifzerofallswithinthe1 aconfidenceboundsaroundthebiasvalue WheretistakenfromAppendix MSA16 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai 案例 Conclusion Sincezerofallswithintheconfidenceintervalofthebias 0 1185 0 1319 theengineercanassumethatthemeasurementbiasisacceptableassumingthattheactualusewillnotintroduceadditionalsourceofvariation MSA17 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MSA18 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Fill MSA19 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MSA20 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MSA21 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai AnalysisofBiasstudy Ifthebiasisstatisticallynon zero lookforthesepossiblecauses Errorinmasterorreferencevalue Checkmasterprocedure Worninstrument Thiscanshowupinthestabilityanalysisandwillsuggestthemaintenanceorrefurbishmentschedule Instrumentmadetowrongdimension Instrumentmeasuringthewrongcharacteristic Instrumentnotcalibratedproperly Reviewcalibrationprocedure Instrumentusedimproperlybyappraiser Reviewmeasurementinstructions Instrumentcorrectionalgorithmincorrect MSA22 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai ThesystemrecommendedMethod OnesampletosetupreferencevalueTestthestandard3to5timesperiodically daily weekly DoX barorX SchartwithtimeComputethecontrolrange evaluatethefailureandunstabilityComputetheSTD comparewiththedeviationintheprocesstoevaluatethestabilityofthemeasurementsystem MSA23 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Judgeaccordingtothecharts OutofcontrolRegulation1 Onepointoutofcontrolrange2 Continual9pointonthesamesideofthereferencevalue3 Continual6pointascendordescend4 Continual14pointascendordescendbyturns5 2pointsinthecontinual3pointsareoutthe2 line6 4pointsinthecontinual5pointsareoutthe1 line7 Continual15pointsintherangeof1 line8 Nopointinthecontinual8pointsisintherangeof1 line MSA24 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MSA25 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MSA26 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai LinearityGuide Selectg 5partswhosemeasurements duetoprocessvariation covertheoperationrangeofthegageHaveeachpartmeasuredbylayoutinspectiontodetermineitsreferencevalueandtoconfirmthattheoperatingrangeofthesubjectgageisuncompressed Haveeachpartmeasuredm 10timesonthesubjectsgagebyoneoftheoperatorswhosenormallyusethegage Calculatethepartbiasforeachmeasurementandthebiasaverageforeachpart Plottheindividualbiasesandthebiasaveragewithrespecttothereferencevaluesonalineargraph Calculateandplotthebestfitlineandtheconfidencebandofthelineusingthefollowingequations Biasi j Xi j ReferenceValue Yi aXi b MSA27 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Formula MSA28 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai JudgeRule Linearitycorrelation R2 1 totallycorrelation plotscattersononeline R2 0 totallynocorrelation norelationshipbetweenXandY 010 isnotacceptable MSA29 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai 线性范例说明 Fivepartswerechosenthroughouttheoperatingrangeofthemeasurementsystemandupondocumentedprocessvariation Eachpartwasmeasuredbylayoutinspectiontodetermineitsreferencevalue MSA30 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai R2iscomputedasthefollowing y ax b x ReferenceValue a Slopea xy x y n X2 x 2 n 0 1317b y n a x n 0 7367R2 xy x y n 2 x2 x2 n y2 y2 n 0 98 Y ax b 0 1317 referencevalue 0 7367Linearity slope processvariation 0 1317 6 0 0 79 supposetheprocessvariationis6 0 Linearity Linearity processvariation 100 0 79 6 0 100 13 17 Conclusion 010 NOTacceptable MSA31 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai RootCause IncorrectcalibrationonthelowerandupperlimitoftheworkingrangeErrorfromthemeasurementsystemforminimumandmaximumAbrasionfortheequipmentImmanentcharacteristicoftheequipment MSA32 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MSA33 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Filllikethis MSA34 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MSA35 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai RepeatabilityEV EquipmentVariation Repeatability Variationofthemeasurementresults ifthesameoperatorismeasuringthesamepart s severaltimes MSA36 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai StandardNormalSchoolChart MSA37 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai ReproducibilityAV AppraiserVariation Reproducibility Variationofthemeansofthemeasurementresults ifdifferentoperatorsmeasurethesamepart s withthethesamemeasurementequipmentseveraltimes MSA38 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Case Usetwoappraisersandfivepartsforthestudy Inthestudy bothappraisersmeasureeachpartonce TherangeforeachpartistheabsolutedifferencebetweenthemeasurementobtainedbyappraiserAandthemeasurementobtainedbyappraiserB Asthefollowing MSA39 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Results Repeatability R R1 R2 2 2 4 2 6 2 2 5UCLR D4 R 2 575 2 5 6 4LCLR D3 R 0RepeatabilitySTD e R d2 2 5 1 72 1 45 m 3 Trials g 5 2numberswithoperators RepeatabilityEV 5 15 e 5 15 1 45 7 5 D3 D4 d2 istakenfromtheappendix3 2 UCL R ReproducibilityR0 216 9 216 3 0 6ReproducibilitySTD O 0 6 1 41 0 4ReproducibilityAV 5 15 o 5 15 0 4 2 2 EV 2nrAV originAV 2 2 22 7 52 5 3 1 0 o AV 5 15 10 5 15 0 19 d2 istakenfromAppendix3 2 n Numbersofparts r Trials MSA40 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MSA41 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Appendix2 A2 D3 D4withm MSA42 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai RepeatabilityandReproducibilityGuide RangeMethodAverageandRangeMethod Xbar RMethod AnalysisofVariance ANOVA Method MSA43 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai RangeMethod Therangemethodisamodifiedvariablegagestudywhichwillprovideaquickapproximationofmeasurementvariability Thismethodwillprovideonlytheoverallpictureofthemeasurementsystem ItdoesnotdecomposethevariabilityintoR R ItisatypicalusedasaquickchecktoverifythattheGRRhasnotchanged Thisapproachhasthepotentialtodetectanunacceptablemeasurementsystem80 ofthetimewithasamesamplesizeof5and90 ofthetimewithasamplesizeof10 MSA44 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Method 2appraisersand5partsforthestudyBothappraisersmeasureeachpartonceTherangeforeachpartistheabsolutedifferencebetweenthemeasurementobtainedbyappraiserAandthemeasurementobtainedbyappraiserBThesumofrangeisfoundandtheaveragerangeiscalculated R Thetotalmeasurementvariability whered2 isfoundinAppendixC withm 2 g numberofparts MSA45 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Case Conclusion Themeasurementsystemisinneedofimprovement MSA46 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai AverageandRangeMethod UnliketheRangeMethod thisapproachwillallowthemeasurementsystem svariationtobedecomposedintotwoseparatecomponents repeatabilityandreproducibility butnotheirinteraction TheANOVAmethodcanbeusedtodeterminetheinteractionbetweenthegageandappraisers ifsuchexists IfRepeatabilityislargecomparedtoreproducibility thereasonsmaybe Theinstrumentneedsmaintenance Thegagemayneedtoberedesignedtobemorerigid Theclampingorlocationforgagingneedstobeimproved Thereisexcessivewithinpartvariation IfReproducibilityislargecomparedtorepeatability thenpossiblecausescouldbe Theappraiserneedstobebettertrainedinhowtouseandreadthegageinstrument Calibrationonthegagedialarenotclear MSA47 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai 研究方法 1 Obtainasampleofn 5partsthatrepresenttheactualorexpectedrangeofprocessvariation 2 RefertotheappraisersasA B C etc andthenumber1throughnsothatthenumbersarenotvisibletotheappraisers 3 CalibratetheGage 4 LetappraiserAmeasurenpartsinarandomorderandentertheresultsinrow1 LetappraisersB Cmeasurethesamenpartswithoutseeingeachother sreadingsthenentertheresultsinrows6and11 respectively 5 Repeatthecycleusingadifferentrandomorderofmeasurement Enterdatainrows2 7 12 Recordthedataintheappropriatecolumn Ifthreetrialsareneeded repeatthecycleandenterthedatainrows3 813 6 Whenlargepartsizeorsimultaneousunavailabilityofpartsmakesitnecessary a LetappraiserAmeasurethefirstpartandrecordthereadinginrow1 LetappraiserBmeasurethefirstandrecordthereadinginrow6 LetappraiserCmeasurethefirstandrecordthereadinginrow11 b LetappraiserArepeatreadingonthefirstpartandrecordthereadinginrow2 appraiserBrepeatreadingonthefirstpartandrecordthereadinginrow7 appraiserCrepeatreadingonthefirstpartandrecordthereadinginrow12 thenrepeatthiscycleandentertheresultsinrows3 8 and13 ifthreetrialsaretobeused 7 Analternativemethodmaybeusediftheappraisersareonthedifferentshift a LetappraiserAmeasureall10partsandenterthereadinginrow1mthenhaveappraiserArepeatthereadinginadifferentorderandentertheresultinrows2and3 DothesamewithappraisersBandC MSA48 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai 记录表格实例 MSA49 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Calculation 1 Range Calculatetherangeforeachappraisers Calculatetheaveragerangeforeachappraisers Totalaveragerange CalculatetheCL MSA50 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai 2 Calculatetheaveragerange ComputetheeachaveragerangeComputetheaveragerangeforeachpartComputetheaveragerangeforeachappraiserTotalaveragerangeDifferenceofthemaximumandminimumofappraisersARDifferenceofthemaximumandminimumofpartsAR MSA51 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai 3 Analysisoftheresults 3 1Repeatability 3 2Reproducibility MSA52 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai 3 3GRR 3 4PV 3 5TV IftheprocessvariationisknownanditsvalueisbasedI on6 MSA53 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai 3 6Thepercenttheequipmentvariation EV EV EV TVX100 AV AV TVX100 R R R R TVX100 PV PV TVX100 Notes Thesumofthepercentconsumedbyeachfactorwillnotequalto100 3 7Thenumberofdistinctcategoriesthatcanbereliablydistinguishedbythemeasurementsystemndc 1 41 PV GRR Thendcistruncatedtotheintegerandoughttobegreaterthanorequalto5 MSA54 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai GuidelineforR R Contribution R R shouldbelessthan30 Ifthe Contribution R R isgreaterthen30 workshouldberefocusedonreducingmeasurementvariabilitybeforeanyfurtheranalysisisperformed MSA55 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai ANOVAmethod Intheanalysisofvariance thevariancecanbedecomposedintofourcategories parts appraisers interactionbetweenpartsandappraisers andreplicationerrorduetothegage TheadvantageofANOVAtechniques Theyarecapableofhandlingantexperimentalset upCanestimatethevariancesmoreaccuratelyExtractmoreinformation suchasinteractionbetweenpartsandappraiserseffect formtheexperimentaldata MSA56 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai 方差分析法 ANOVA ThemethodofcollectingthedataisimportantinanANOVAmethod Ifthedataarenotcollectedinarandommanner thiscanleadtoasourceofbiasvalues Asimplewaytoassureabalanceddesignfor n parts k appraisersand r trialsisthroughrandomization Asthefollowing 1 TowriteA1onaslipofpapertodenotethemeasurementforthefirstappraiseronthefirstpart DothisuptoA n forthemeasurementbythefirstappraiseronthenthpart FollowingthesameprocedureforthenextappraiseruptoandincludingtheKthappraisers 2 Onceallnkcombinationsarewritten thentheslipsofpapercanbeputinahatorbowl 3 Oneatatime aslipofpaperisselected 4 Thesecombinationsarethemeasuringorderinwhichthegagestudywillbeperformed 5 Oneallnkcombinationsareselected theyareputbackintothehatandtheprocedureisfollowedagain 6 Thisisdoneforatotalofrtimestodeterminetheorderofexperimentsforeachrepeat RandomizationandStatisticalIndependence MSA57 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai DF Thedegreeoffreedomassociatedwiththesource SS Sumofsquare thedeviationaroundthemeanofsourceMS meansquare MS SS DFF Fratio calculatedtodeterminethestatisticalsignificanceofthesourcevalue MSop MSe ANOVA AnalysisofVariance MSA58 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai ANOVAchart Intheanalysisofvariance thevariancecanbedecomposedintofourcategories parts appraisers interactionbetweenpartsandappraisers andreplicationerrorduetothegage MSA59 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai CASE MSA60 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai AcceptanceGuidelines Contribution StudyVariation Tolerance MeasurementSystemok Considerimportanceandcosts Measurementsystemneedscorrectiveactions 5 5 15 15 10 10 30 30 10 10 15 15 optimally ok notok 85 MSA61 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai CASE MSA62 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai CASE MSA63 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai 84 MSA64 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai GraphicalAnalysis InteractionPlot Whenthelinesarenonparallel theinteractioncanbesignificant Thelargertheangleofintersectionis thegreateristheinteraction Appropriatemeasuresshouldbetakentoeliminatethecausesfortheinteraction MSA65 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MSA66 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MSA67 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MSA68 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MSA69 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai TD S QM 24E 01ShanghaiJuly2005 86 AttributeMeasurementSystemStudy MSA71 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai Definition Attributemeasurementsystemsaretheclassofmeasurementsystemswherethemeasurementvalueisoneofafinitenumberofcategories Thisiscontrastedtothevariablesmeasurementsystemwhichcanresultinacontinuumofvalues Themostcommonoftheseisago nogogagewhichhasonlytwopossibleresults MSA72 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai RiskanalysisMethods Insomeattributesituationsitisnotfeasibletogetsuffientpartswithvariablereferencevalues Insuchcases therisksofmakingwrongorinconsistentdecisionscanbeevaluatedbuusing HypothesisTestAnalysesSignalDetectionTheory MSA73 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai AnalysisMethod Theteamhasdecidedtotakearandomsampleoffiftypartsfromtheprocessinordertoobtainpartsthroughouttheprocessrange Threeappraisersareused witheachappraisermakingthreedecisionsontheeachpart 1 isdefinedasAccept 0 isdefinedasReject MSA74 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai MSA75 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai HypothesisTestAnalyses Cross TabMethod 1 DevelopthedataDeterminetheextentofagreementamongtheappraisersCompareeachoftheappraiserstotheother 30samples MSA76 TD S QM 24E 01July2005Shanghai 2 CalculateKappa Thepurposeofthesetablesistodeterminetheextentofagreementamongappraisers TodeterminethelevelofthisagreementtheteamusestheKappawhichmeasurestheagreementbetweentheevaluationsoftworateswhenbothareratingthesameobject Avalueof1indicatedperfectagreement Avalueof0indicatedthattheagreementisnobetterthanchance Po thesumoftheobservedproportionsinthediagonalcells 7 80 90 0 97 Pe thesumoftheexpectedproport