教师用初中英语的八种时态、被动语态、非谓语动词.doc

. 初中英语八种时态归纳复习时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下這几种时态。一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.基本结构：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑问句：have或has。六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.基本结构：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。. 几种常見时态的相互轉换英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相轉换，以下是几种常見的轉换形式：一、一般过去时与现在完成时的轉换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语連用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用別的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对應的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间連用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：A. He joined the League two years ago.B. He has been in the League for two years.C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、一般现在时与现在进行时的轉换在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态轉换。请看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.三、现在进行时与一般将来时的轉换在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语連用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的轉换“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday一、一般现在时：练习题1. We often_ (play) in the playground.2. He _ (get) up at six oclock.3. _you _ (brush) your teeth every morning.4. What (do) _he usually (do) _ after school?5. Danny _ (study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art an school.6. Mike sometimes _ (go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she _ (watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_ (read) English every day?9. How many lessons_ your classmate_ (have) on Monday?10. What time_ his mother_ (do) the housework?11. He never _ a hat in winter.(wear)12.The machine _ smoothly.(run)13.knowledge _ power (be)14.Time and tide _ for no ma.(wait)一般现在时练习题答案1.play2.gets 3.do brush4.does do5.studies6.goes7.watches8.does read9.does have10.does do11. wears (表习惯)12. runs (表特征)13. is (表真理)14. wait (表真理)15. describes (报纸,杂志)改句子1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)2. I have many books. （改为否定句）3. Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句）4. She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句）5. I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）6. David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句）7. We have four lessons.（否定句）8. Nancy doesnt run fast （肯定句）9. My dog runs fast. 否定句：一般疑问句：10. Mike has two letters for him.一般疑问句：否定句：11. I usually play football on Friday afternoon.否定句: 改句子：Yes,I doI dont have many books.Gan shans sisters doesnt like play table tennis.She doesnt live in a small village Near New york.Do you watch TV every day?Has David got a boat?We dont have four lesons.Nanry runs fast.My dog doesnt run fastDoes your dog run fast?Does Mike have two letters for him?Mike doesnt have two letters for him.I usually dont play football on Friday afternooon.二、一般过去时：练习题练习题一1. Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month.2. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. So he _ (get ) up late.3. Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning.4. There _ (be) no one here a moment ago.5. I _ (call) Mike this morning.6. I listened but _ (hear) nothing.7. Tom _ (begin) to learn Chinese last year8. Last week we _ (pick) many apples on the farm.9. My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday.10. She watches TV every evening. But she _ (not watch) TV last night.11._ your father _ ( go ) to work every day last year?12. What time _ you _ (get) to Beijing yesterday?We _ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.13.What _ (make) him cry (哭) just now?14. Last year the teacher _ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.15. There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be)16. There _ not enough people to pick apples that day. (be)17.There _ any hospital (医院) in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. ( be not)18. There _ enough milk at home last week, wasnt there19. Eli _ to Japan last week. ( move20. When _ you _ (come) to China? - Last year.21. Did she _ (have) supper at home?22. Jack _ (not clean) the room just now.23. _ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?24. How many people _ (be) there in your class last term?25. It _ (be) hot yesterday and most children _ (be) outside26. There _ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ (have) no time to watch it.27. He ate some bread and _ (drink) some milk.28. _ he _ (finish) his homework last night?29. I_(be) tired yesterday.30. I _(gain ) Arts degree last year.31. What _ you _ (do) last night32. My grandfather _ (leave) Hong Kong for New York in 1998.33. What _ he _ (do) yesterday?34. Last week I _ (buy) a new bike.35. He _ (be) here just now.36. He _ (not find ) his key last night.37. My father _ (drink) a lot of wine yesterday.38. _ you _ (finish) your homework yesterday?39. I _ (eat) some eggs and bread this morning.40. Her mother _ (not give) the girl any present练习题一 （习题答案）：一：1.came 2. didnt go got 3. read 4. was 5. called 6.heard 7.began 8.picked 9.didnt do 10.didnt watch 11. Did go 12.did get got 13. made 14. told 15.was 16. were 17.werent 18.was 19.moved 20.did come21.have 22.didnt clean 23.Was 24.were 25.was were 26.was had 27.drank 28.Did finish 29.was 30.gained 31.did do 32.left 33.did do 34.bought 35.was 36.didnt find 37.drank 38.Did finish 39.ate 40.didnt give习题二二改错题1How is Jane yesterday? _2He go to school by bus last week. _3He often goes home at 6:00 last month. _4I can fly kites seven years ago. _5 Did you saw him just now. _6 Tom wasnt watch TV last night. _7 I didnt my homework yesterday. _8 He wait for you three hours ago. _9 Who find it just now ? _三、按要求变换句型。1. Father bought me a new bike. （同义句）Father bought _ _ _ _ me.2. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）_ Frank _ an interesting book about history?3. Hes cleaning his rooms. （划线提问）_ he _?4. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句）_ _ _ out for a walk?5. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）Thomas _ _ RMB 10 on this book.6. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问）_ _ _ family _ last week?7. I didnt have any friends. （一般疑问句）_ _ have _ friends?8. I think she is Lilys sister. （否定句）_9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句）Sally _ often _ some reading in the morning.10. He is a tall, thin boy. （划线提问）_ _ he _ _?四：句型转换They read English last night.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定/否定回答：_对划线部分提问：_二：1.is-was 2.go-went 3.goes-went 4.can-could 5.saw-see 6.watch-watching 7.didnt 后加上 do8.waited 9.find-found三：1.a new bike to 2.did read 3.Whats doing 4.Why dont you 5.didnt spend 6.Where were my going7.Did I any 8.I dont think she is Lilys sister. 9.doesnt do 10.How does look like8.They didnt read English last night.四：Did they read English last night?Yes,they did./No,they didnt.What did they do last night?练习题二过去时练习：写出下列动词的过去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _一、用be动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5. The little dog _ two years old this year.6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.二、句型转换。There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：_一般疑问句：_ 肯定回答：_否定回答：_2 They played football in the playground.否定句：_一般疑问句：_ 肯定回答：_否定回答：_三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday 10. We all _ (have) a good time last night.11. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 12. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.13. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)14. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)15. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now.16. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.17. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 18 We _ (go) to school on Sunday.19. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.20. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.21. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)22. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do)23. They _ (make) a kite a week ago.24. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick)25. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water)26. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances.27. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room.28.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk)练习题二 （习题答案）：一、1 am 2 was 3 were 4 are 5 is 6 are 7 was 8 is was was were 二、1 略2 They didnt play football in the playground.Did they play football in the playground?Yes, they did. No, they didnt.三、1 watch 2 read 3 went didnt go 4 Did visit 5 Did fly did6 pulled 7 swept didnt 8 did find found 9 was 10 had 11 jumped12 milked 13 reading read 14 is playing played 15 planted 16 Did sweep didnt17 watched 18 went 19 was went 20 put 21 clean cleaned 22 did do did 23 made 24 pick picked 25 Did water did 26 is is doing 27 draw 28 does milks三、一般将来时练习题一、用所给动词的一般将来时填空1. I _（leave）in a minute. I _（finish）all my work before I _ （leave）. 2. How long _ you _（study）in our country?I _（plan）to be here for about one more year.I _（hope）to visit the other parts of your country.What _ you _（do）after you _（leave）here?I _（return）home and _（get）a job.3. I _（be）tired. I _（go）to bed early tonight.4. Marys birthday is next Monday, her mother _（give）her a present.5. It is very cold these days. It _（snow）soon.6. _ you _（be）here this Saturday?No. I _（visit）my teacher.7. _ I _（get）you a copy of todays newspaper?Thank you.8. I am afraid there _（be）a meeting this afternoon. I cant join you.9. Mike _（believe, not）this until he _（see）it with his own eyes.10. Most of us dont think their team _（win）.参考答案：一、1. am leaving ; will finish ; leave 2. will ; study ; plan ; hope ; will ; do ; leave ; will return ; get3. am ; will 4. will give 5. will snow 6. Will, be ; will visit 7. Shall ; get8. will be 9. wont believe ; sees 10. will win二、单项选择1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? _. （不，不要。） A. No, you wont B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont D. No, please.8. Where is the morning paper? I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are10. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have二、1. C 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. B11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to give12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote13. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine15. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? No, _ （不去）. A. they willnt B. they wont. C. they arent D. they dont.16. Who _ we _ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go17. We _ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing18. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go19. The day after tomorrow they _ a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D.are going to watch20. There _ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be