被动语态·讲义.doc

2011个性化辅导教案教师姓名WilliamQ学生姓名教材版本粤版学科名称英语年 级上课时间 课题名称被动语态教学目标巩固掌握被动语态相关内容的常考点教学重点被动语态的解题教 学 过 程备 注Step 1 Warming-up1. Review 2. Test 单选： Chinese _ by the largest number of people Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken The boy _ to get supper ready after school Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be Chas Dhave 句型转换： You must throw the broken pottery away at once The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once（同义句） Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态） Where _ vegetables _ ？ Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态） A new pen _ _ _ her by her motherStep 2 知识点：一、 被动语态的构成1、 助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。如：His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.2.被动语态的运用：（1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如： Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。） The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。） He was wounded in the fight. （他在战斗在受伤了。） Electricity is used to run machines. （电是用来开动机器的。）（2） 需要强调动作的对象时。例如：Calculator cant be used in the maths exam. （计算器不能用于数学考试。） Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。） He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比赛中获得了第一。）（3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如： The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。） 二、 主动语态变被动语态1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。（2）将动词改为be+过去分词。They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.三、 各种时态的被动语态1、 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。2、 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。3、 一般将来时：will be+过去分词The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。4、 现在进行时：am/is/are +being + 过去分词The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。5、 过去进行时：was/were +being + 过去分词The talk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候正在作报告。6、 现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词The flowers have been watered.这些花已经被浇了。7、 过去完成时：had been+过去分词She said this lift had never been used.8、 过去将来时：would be+过去分词The film would be shown again sometime next week. 这部电影下周的某个时候又将上映。9、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） Step 3 SummaryStep 4 练习：选择填空：1. This dictionary mustnt _ from the library Atake away Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away 2. She will take good care of the children（变被动语态） The children will _ _ _ _ _ （by her） 3. Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（变被动）He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday4. The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built DbuiltYour coat looks niceIs it _ cotton？ YesIts _Shanghai Amade of；made by Bmade of；made in Cmade for；made byDmade for；made in This machine is used _ the room wet Afor keeping Bas keeping Ckeep Dto keeping 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。 _ _ _ that _ _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing. No one enjoys _ at.A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughedD. to be laughed. You must do something to prevent your house _.A. to be broken in B.