非谓语动词doing.doc

非谓语动词Ving一、非谓语动词的基本用法定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。分类：1.不定式（主动/将来/具体/）:He decided to work hard at English. 2. -Ving形式 2.1 动名词（主动/习惯/抽象）：Learning is important to us. 2.2 现在分词（主动/进行）:We stood there, chatting. 3.-ed 形式(过去分词) （被动/完成）: The novel written by Mo Yan is very important.非谓语动词虽然不能充当谓语，但是可以充当除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。如：主语宾语表语定语状语宾补动名词不定式分词找出非谓语动词，并判断成分1. Making our city greener is everyones duty. 2. The government is determined to continue the green program.3. I find my hometown changed so much. 4. Having fresh air, trees can reduce air pollution.5. Every effort to make the program makes a difference.Ving的几个形势变化 一般式（谓语动词同时发生）doingbeing done （被动式）完成式（谓语动词发生之前）having donehaving been done（被动式）动名词的形式： doing 否定式：not + doing （1）一般式：常用来表示一个正在进行的主动的动作 Do you know the man _ (talk) to our headteacher?（2）一般式的被动式：被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作He came to the party without _ (invite)他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 （3）完成式：所表示的主动的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前（已经完成的主动的动作） _ (finish) his work, he went to the party with joy.（4）完成被动式： 表示被动的动作发生在句中谓语动词表示的动作之前（已经完成的被动的动作）_ (show) around the lab, we were taken to see the library next.（5）否定式：not + 动名词 I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 （6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。 1. 作主语：表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为、经验用-ing形式；_ (read) aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 _(collect) stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 当动名词短语作主语时也有用it作形式主语的，常见句式有：A：Its no use/ no good/ a waste of time doing B: Its nice/ fun/ useless/ worth doing Eg. Its no use_(quarrel) .争吵是没用的。 2. 作表语： 说明主语的具体内容 像puzzling, surprising, exciting等-ing分词表示“令人的(事物)”； In the ant city, the queens job is_ (lay) eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。 3. 作宾语： A: enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practice, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help（情不自禁地）等词后 B：在表示“需要”的need, want和require等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式C：在介词之后用动名词作宾语。 think of, dream of, be fond of, , insist on, feel like, , be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in注意to是介词的短语，如be /get used to, be accustomed to(习惯于), contribute to , devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, make a contribution to doing （做贡献）, pay attention to doing sth. （注意）D：含介词的固定句式：prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing 阻止做spend /waste time or money in doing 在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做方面有些困难have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难there is no+n. (sense/ use除了need之外 ) in doing做是没有理由/道理的E. 复合结构做宾语 物主代词/名词所有格+doingDo you mind my _(open) the window?The rain prevents his _(go) to school. Eg. They havent finished _( build) the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。 We have to prevent the air from _ ( pollute). 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 I am looking forward to _ (meet) the students from America.When he realized he was in poor health, he finally decided to give up _ (smoke).I really appreciate your_ (help) me when I was in trouble.We should do what we can to prevent the earth _ (become) too hot to live on.此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如： We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。有些动词可以加to do 不定式也可以加doing做宾语 但是两者表示的意义不相同，对比：A: remember/ forget/ regret + to do / doing B: go on/stop+ to do/ doing C: try+ to do / doing 4. 作定语： a.表示用途 b. 表示一个正在进行的主动的动作He cant walk without a _(walk)stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。Do you know the girl _ (stand) under the tree now?当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语 放在名词后In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher. 5. 作宾语补足语常跟在这些词see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch之后 如：see sb. doing sth Eg. Can you hear her_ (sing) the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ He kept the car _(wait) at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式。另外，请注意复习以下6点：(1)在ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind等动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。(2)在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。(3)在make, let, have等使役动词和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。(4)在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用-ing形式，表示宾语与-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持续进行。(5)get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事(主动、将来); get/havedoing使处于某一状态中(主动、持续); get sth. done=have sth. done请人做/遭受(被动)。(6) make oneself 后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。6. 作状语： (非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系)作时间状语： (While)_ (work )in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。 作原因状语： _ (be) a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。 作方式状语，表示伴随： He stayed at home, _ (clean) and _ (wash). 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。 作条件状语： (If)_ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。 作结果状语： 表示自然而然的结果。 only to do 常表示出乎意料的结果He dropped the glass, _ (break) it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。 作让步状语： Though_ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。 与逻辑主语构成独立主格做垂悬状语：-ing形式的独立成分还有judging by /from(根据判断), generally speaking(一般说来)，strictly speaking(严格说来), frankly speaking(坦率地说), weather permitting(天气允许)等。I _ (wait) for the bus, a bird fell on my head 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。 Time _ (permit), well do another two exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。_(judge) from his accent, he may be from Africa. 有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 With the lights _ (burn), he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 Exercise:1. There are a lot of students _(wait) to welcome the foreign teachers.2. The building _(build) will be served as our dining- hall.3. There are 3 problems _(remain) to be solved.4. _ (hear) the news, they jumped with joy5. Not _ (know) his address, we have no way to get in touch with him.6. They sent a letter to me , _ (hope) to get my support.7. _ (work) with him for many years, I knows him very well.8._ (fail) twice, she didnt want to have another try.9. You should be careful while_ (cross) the street. 10. He went out, _ (shut) the door from behind.11._ (believe) that Juliet had died ,Romeo decided to kill himself.12. Just now I met a girl here_ (look) like a nurse.13. _ (add) up the figures, well find the correct answers.14. Not _ (feel ) comfortable, I went to see a doctor.15. Helen borrowed a dictionary from me,_ (say) that she would return it to me soon.16. Generally_(speak), the harder you work, the more you gain. 17. With her baby_(sleep) on her back, she went on cleaning the room. 18. _(write) smoothly, this kind of pen sells well in our school.19. Your_(drink )too much will do harm to your health.20. He has devoted himself to _ (help) the poor.非谓语题的解题总方法与思路：1.分析句子结构，辨明是否作非谓语。一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下，又有别的动词。也就是说如果一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。2.定语态(找逻辑主语)：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。3.定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式，否则我们要用非谓语的一般式非谓语动词与广东高考：请根据以上技巧, 完成以下与非谓语动词相关的历年高考试题。1. (2012年)Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _(wear) sun glasses. 2. (2011年) I noticed a man 18 _ (sit)at the front.3. (2010年) He spit it out, _(say) it w