初三总复习现在完成时教案(知识点+练习).doc

现在完成时教案现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。动词过去分词的变化形式和过去式的类似，分为规则和不规则，规则的在动词原形后面+en，不规则的见过去分词表。(1) 肯定句： have / has done(2) 否定句：.have/has not done(3) 一般疑问句： Have/ Has . done .? Yes, . have/has. No, .have/has not.现在完成时的用法（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或结果（动作已经完成，但是影响还在）。常与just , already , yet, ever, never, before等副词连用，有时也不跟任何时间状语连用。（短暂性动词适用于这种情况）例句： I have already had breakfast. b. She has just left. c. Tom has become a League member. （2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。常见与 for 引导的短语，since 引导的从句或短语，包括 recently, in the last two years, these days, this month, so far, up to now ，ever since, all ones life等在内的时间状语连用。（延续性动词适用于这种情况） * 注意：1）表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。 2） 由于现在完成时表示动作的延续性，因而那些不能表示动作延续的动词（即非延续性动词、短暂性动词）应该慎用，特别是不能把这些动词的肯定式同for 或since引导的时间状语连用，使用时需要进行转化。 例句：a.I have taught English in this school for twenty years. b.We have known each other since we came to this city. c.I havent heard from him so far. 例题： Although this village isnt big, all the other villages I _so far are smaller.（2010成都） A. visited B.have visited C.would visit3) 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验或经历，一般译为汉语“过”，可以和表示次数：一次once; 二次: twice, 三次：three times, ever, never等副词连用。 例句：a. I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。b. She has watched this film three times. 她看过三次这部电影。练 习1. 我已经在深圳住了十年。_2. 我的叔叔自从1960年以来都在寻找他的女儿。_3. 我踢足球已经有两年了。_4. 我自从1996年就认识玛丽_5. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 6. Ive known him _ we were children. 7. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 8. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 9. Its about ten years _ she left the city.3.与现在完成时连用的典型性词语： 1)since，表示“自从以来”，无论是做介词、连词还是副词，通常都要与现在完成时连用例句： Ive had nothing to eat since lunch time.(介词) Weve lost a lot of customs since our prices went up.(连词) I met him last autumn and havent seen him ever since.(副词) 2）从现在算起的过去的一段时间，如：in the past/ last five years, 例句： Weve planted thousands of trees in the past three years. 3)over the years 这些年来，经过这么多年后，最近几年例句： She has brought us so much happiness over the years. 4)so far, up to now 表示“到目前为止” So far 500 people have died in the earthquake. Up to now, the work has been quite smooth. 5)Its the first/ second.time that.这是第几次做某事，其中that 引导的从句要用现在完成时。 Its the first time that he has seen an elephant. 6)already 表示已经，它可以位于助动词之后过去分词之前，或者句末。 Ive already read this book. Ive washed my clothes already. 7)yet 用在疑问句和否定句中，在疑问句中译为“已经”，在否定句中译为“还” Has he found his pen yet?No,not yet.just 表示刚刚，行为刚刚过去或完成，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。 Tom has just come from school.9)ever 意为曾经，用在疑问句和否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间。 Have you ever been to the U.S.A？ I havent seen Lina ever since she left.never 意为从来没有，常与before 连用，多放在助动词和过去分词之间。 I have never traveled by plane before.11)before 意为从前，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是位于句末。 I have seen the film before. I havent eaten Sichuan food before. 练习： 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空 1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years. 4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”4. have/has been to 和 have/has gone to 的区别 have/has been to 表示“某人曾经去过某地”，表示此人有去过某地的经历，但是此人现在在说话的地方，它常与just, ever, never, once,twice, several等连用。例句：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? Yes, Ive ever been there once.have/has gone to表示某人到某地去了，可能在去得路上或已到某地，反正不在说话的地方。，一般不与时间状语连用，不用第一二人称代词作句子的主语。例句：My I speak to Han Mei ? Sorry, she has gone to the library.练 习I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.5.短暂性动词的完成时态不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，当它需要与表示一段时间的时间状态（通常为for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语）连用时，通常需要转化。非延续性动词转化为延续性动词通常有两种途径： 找意思相近的延续性动词代替，如：borrow - keep,buy-have。 把非延续性动词改为“be+表语（一般是有关的形容词、副词或者介词）”，如：begin-be on,Leave-be away. 例句： 他母亲去世五年了。 误His mother has died for five years. 正His mother has been dead for five years. His mother died five years ago. 解析：这是因为die是非延续性动词，表示短暂的动作，人死的过程绝不可能延续五年之久。 1）常见的短暂性动词有：arrive, come, leave, go, become, join, die, buy, borrow等 。 2）如果要在现在完成时的句子中表达上述动词的意思，而这个句子又恰好与since 或 for 等引导的时间状语连用，则必须由一些表示状态的形容词、副词来表示。比如：arrivecomego - be inat, leave-be away, become-be, join - be in/be a member of, diebe dead, buy - haveown, Borrow - keep, begin/start-be on, open be open, close-be closed, finish/end - be over, get to know - know, Buy have begin be on catch a cold have a cold go to sleep/ fall asleep-be asleep fall ill be illLeave be away marry be married3）短暂性动词的完成时态在否定句中可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： a.He hasnt come here for a months. b.I havent heard from him for a long time.练 习1) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 3) He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 4)He came back two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 5）He arrived Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed ， open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up ， die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleep be asleepfinish/end be over marry be married1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep ， lose not have ， buy have ， put on wearcatch/get a cold have a cold ， get to know know1) They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in1) He has gone to Beijing. He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能直接和表示过去某一时间的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last night, three weeks ago, in 2009等。 一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，强调的是过去的情况，它可以和表示过去某一时间的时间状语连用。总之抓住两个方面：1.是否强调现在的情况，即发生过的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果； 2.具有延续性的动词是否持续了一段时间。如：I have seen the film.（影片内容已了解）I saw the film last night（这部电影是昨晚看了）用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _ just _ (have) some orange.8. We _already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.巩固练习Have you_ to the station to meet her? Yes, I_ to meet her,but I didnt find her.gone;had B.been;did go C.gone; did go D. Been; managedMy parents_ Changchun for ten years.Have been in B.have been to C.have gone to D. Have beenWhere is Lily now? She_to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.has been B.goes C.has gone D.had goneHe promised us that he_early but he _yet.will be,havent arriving B.should be,isnt arrivingC.is, hasnt arriving D.would be,hasnt arrivedI have worked in this school_twenty years. What a long time!since B.after C.f