四级翻译-学生.doc

四级辅导材料：中译英中译英在新题型中排在最后一部分，要求5分钟翻译5个句子片断。从样卷和试点考试的情况来看，这部分要求并不高，名为翻译，实为补全句子，需要补充的地方往往涉及一些重要的语法项目和句型、词汇、词组等，且都是以往语法和词汇部分考查的要点，也是平时教学的要点。总的解题思路：常见考点1. 比较句比较句可细分为三种情况：同级比较、比较级和最高级，其中前两种是考查的重点。1)同级比较asas通常用来表示同级比较，否定形式是not asas或not soas。 特别要注意倍数表达法，公式为：倍数数字（twice, three times, half, a quarter等）+as+adj.+as。【练习】On average, it is said, visitors spend only _（一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London.2）比较级 表示比较级通常用more/-erthan结构，可修饰比较级的词包括a bit, a little, slightly, a lot, far, greatly, many, much, even, still等。比较级的考查要点包括：the more, the more (less)越越（不）；no+ more/-er+ than结构，如：no less than （数目）多达；与同等重要的；正是；no more than 至多，不超过，仅仅；同一样多；no better than 实际上和一样；仅仅；等等。【练习】The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂). 另外，还要注意几组容易混淆的比较级形式：latter/later： farther/further： superior，inferior，prior，senior，junior3）用于表示“与相比”的短语表示“与相比”的常用短语有两个：compared with, in comparison with，它们可用于同级比较、比较级和最高级。注意：不要混淆compare with和compare to。【练习】Your losses in trade this year are nothing _ （与我的相比）. 练习1：1) Does she dance _(跟她姐姐一样地优美)? 2) The buildings look _(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多). 3) This is _(他画的最好的画之一). 4)The higher you climb, _(空气就越稀薄).5)The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).6)The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一). 7)They _(计划将投资增加一倍).2 从句常考的从句包括状语从句（尤其是让步状语从句、时间状语从句等）、定语从句以及各种名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）。让步状语从句常用的引导词：【例4】Though a skilled worker, _(他被公司解雇了).【例5】_as_（尽管我很欣赏作为作家的他）, I do not like him as a man.【例6】The substance does not dissolve in water _(不管是否加热)。 练习2：1)_(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret. 2)_(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well. 3)_(这么做是故意的) became obvious. 4)It is not clear yet _(谁应该为这件事负责). 5)It is none of your business _(玛丽与谁订婚). 6)Dont put off till tomorrow _(今天能做的事). 7)This novel is just _(我一直在寻找的). 8)It is not yet known _(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力). 9)_(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me.10)My main problem right now is _(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款).11)Everyday many tourists come to visit _(鲁迅出生的那栋房子). 12)The old lady died _(在她儿子到达的那天). 13)This is _(我赞成这一改革的理由). 14) Some of the roads were flooded, _(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).15) He introduced me to his students, _(他们大部分是英语专业的学生).16) _(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion. 17)We climbed high _(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景). 18)The problem so very complicated _(花了我们两个周才解决). 19)You can go out _(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来). 20)I remember the whole thing _(仿佛是昨天发生的).3 虚拟语气虚拟语气表达的不是事实，而是说话人的愿望、建议等。这种语气对于广大考生来说并不陌生，但由于汉语没有严格意义上的虚拟语气，因此考生必须谨慎才能用对。以下是几种要求重点掌握的情况： 表示“建议”，“命令”，“要求”等意义的动词或其相应的名词后面接从句时，从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，包括： 【练习】The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)。 it is advisable/ appropriate/ desirable/ essential/ fundamental/ imperative/ important/ necessary/proper/urgent/ vital that结构： wish/would rather/if only： its (about, high) time that句型： 虚拟语气常用于非真实条件句中，表示对现在、过去、将来的事实所做的假设。其主、从句的谓语动词形式是：时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在过去将来另外，介词with，without和but for也可表达虚拟语气。练习3：1) I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会). 2) If only _(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.3) Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰). 4) Its high time that _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题). 5) Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的). 6) We insist that _(让杰克立刻进医院).7) It was advised that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店). 8) His proposal was that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题). 9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考试). 10) It is ridiculous that _(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).11) It is essential that _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备). 12) _(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.13) I was to have made a speech _(要不是有人把我的话打断了).14) It didnt rain last night. _(要是下了，地就会湿的). 15) _(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.16) If the doctor had not come in time, _(他现在就不在人间了). 17) But for his help, _(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了). 18) I used my calculator; _(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).19) Were I in your place, _(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会). 20) Had it not been for their opposition, _(这项法案早就通过了). 4 。倒装句倒装历来是语法的重要考点，主要用于以下几种情况：【练习】Not only _(他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either. 练习4：1)Scarcely had she fallen asleep _(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒). 2)No sooner had Anne arrived _(就生病了).3)The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).4)Only then _(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).5)Only when you adjust down your price _(我们才能做成这笔买卖).5 并列成分并列成分在句中具有相同的功能，如：充当句子的主语、谓语或宾语、表语等，因此，形式上也应当保持一致。并列成分常见的标记是： 【练习】Initial reports coming out of the region indicate the earthquake has caused _ (广泛的破坏和重大的人员伤亡).6 。接不定式或动名词的动词及短语英语中有很多动词和短语后面固定接to-不定式或动名词，有的两种形式都可以接，但意思有区别。这些都很容易成为考点。后面接动名词作宾语的动词包括：anticipate 期待，appreciate 感激，consider 考虑，deny 否认，dislike 厌恶，enjoy 享受乐趣，favor 支持，mind 介意，practice 练习，report 报道，resent 怨恨，risk 冒险，keep 继续，imagine 想象，fancy 想象，recall 追忆，defend 辩护，justify 证明正确，include 包括，involve 涉及，advise/suggest 建议，admit/acknowledge 承认，confess 坦白，delay 拖延，postpone 延期，excuse / forgive 原谅，miss 错过，escape 逃避，avoid 回避，tolerate 容忍，resist 忍住，等。【练习】The dog only missed _（被车子碾过）. 后面接动名词作宾语的短语动词包括：give up 放弃，put off 推迟，dream of/about 梦想，despair of 对绝望，object to 反对，count on 依靠，指望，feel like 想要，persevere in 坚持不懈，insist on 坚决主张，坚持，stick to 坚持；persist in 坚持，succeed in 在方面成功，look forward to 盼望，have (no)trouble/difficulty (in) 做有（没有）困难，等。【练习】Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _(找到去历史博物馆的路).后面接to不定式作宾语的动词包括：refuse 拒绝，afford 花得起，负担得起，agree 同意，choose 选定，claim 声称，manage 设法，offer 给予/提出，pretend 假装，promise 许诺，swear 发誓，venture 敢于，guarantee 保证，decide/determine/resolve 决定，desire/ hope/ wish 希望, expect 预料/期待，等。 可用于be+adj.+to do结构的形容词包括：anxious, able，bound，eager, likely等。【练习】The boy swore _（报复谋杀父亲的凶手）. 后面接不带to的不定式作宾语的短语动词包括：had better 最好，cannot but 不得不，may/might as well 不妨，would rather/sooner 宁愿，等。【练习】He would rather _（和你一起参加工作也不愿待在家里）.下面是接不定式和动名词意思有区别的动词：try to do try doing mean to do mean doing propose to dopropose doing forget to do forget doing remember to do remember doing regret to do regret doing go on to do go on doing stop to do stop doing练习5：1)It was a great achievement _(10个月建成一栋24层的楼). 2)It is necessary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉). 3)It is generous _(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民). 4)The teacher decided _(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生). 5)Mr. Green was wondering _ (是否去看望在法国的儿子).6)The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _(将平均产量提高了15%). 7)Einstein watched the toy in delight, _(想推导出它的运转原理). 8)_(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study. 9)_(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education. 10)_(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man. 11)They tried to avoid _(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情). 12)Developing varieties is the key to _(使我们的产品进入国际市场). 13)It is no use _(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣). 14)He denied_(偷看了同桌的试卷). 15)We congratulated her on _(被提升为经理).16)He jumped from the burning house, _(摔断了双腿). 17)He was happy _(看到父母很健康). 18)_(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief. 19)_(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.20)The pop, _(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans. 7 表因果关系的动词词组 能表达因果关系的动词词组往往成为考点:【练习】By contrast, American mothers were more likely_ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. 附：有用的四级单词和短语1）动词短语have access to 有机会接近、进入或享用take into account/consideration 考虑到，顾及，体谅accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指责某人做某事，控告某人犯某罪adapt to 适应take advantage of 利用，占的便宜approve of 赞成，称许assure sb. of sth. 使某人确信某事benefit by/from sth. 得益于某事charge sb. with sth. 以某事指控某人charge sb. (money) for sth. 要价，要（某人）付（钱）买某物comment on sth./make comments on sth. 评论某事concentrate (ones attention) on/upon 把某人的注意力集中在convince sb. of sth. 说服某人做某事come/go into effect 实施，生效take effect 生效，起作用be entitled to (do) sth. 对享有权利，有（做某事）的资格权利find fault with 抱怨，找茬子，挑剔focus on (doing) sth. 集中于（做）某事，把注意力放在（做）某事上catch a glimpse of sth./sb. 瞥见某物或某人inform sb. of/about sth. 通知、告知某人某事be/get involved in sth. 参与、卷入某事keep/hold pace (with) （与）齐步前进，（与）并驾齐驱make sense 讲得通，有意义，言之有理spend (time, money, etc.) on sth./in doing sth. 花（时间、金钱等）在某物上/做某事take for 把认为是，把看成是2）形容词短语be accustomed/used to (doing) sth. 习惯于（做）某事be ashamed of 认为是耻辱，为感到羞愧 be (well/fully) aware of （完全）意识到 be committed to 致力于，交付于；被提交到be composed of 由组成be concerned about 关心be concerned with 牵涉到，与有关be conscious of 意识到be consistent with 与一致的be content with 对感到满意，满足于be critical of 对某事持批评态度的，对某事提出批评的be familiar with 对熟悉be familia