大学英语1__unit5___知识点.doc

Unit 5 work to live or live to workprecisely: adv. 1. 精确地；恰恰- 每辆卡车装载的用品恰好是每个部队所需要的。Every lorry indeed is packed with precisely the articles which each unit will require.2. 正是如此；的确是这样- So you think it was a mistake? Precisely.acquaintance: n. 1相识的人；认识的人；泛泛之交- 我与他素昧平生。 (I have never made his acquaintance.) 2. 了解；熟悉 make sb.s acquaintance结识某人 drop an acquaintance断绝往来 have a casual acquaintance半生不熟renew an acquaintance重建友谊 CF: friend, mate, acquaintance & pal这些名词都有“朋友”之意。friend 一般用词，指某人喜爱并乐意与之相交往的人。例如： - Ive known her for years, but she was never a friend. (我认识她多年了，但成不了朋友。)mate 最普通用词，可与其他名词连用，构成如：classmate，desk mate，school mate等词。既可指好友、同事，又可指合伙人，还可指配偶的一方。例如： - The blackbird sat on the nest waiting for the return of her mate. - 黑鹂在巢中等候其雄鸟归来。acquaintance 指彼此相识，但交往不甚密切，相互间没有深厚情感的人。例如： - He is an old acquaintance of my father. (他是我父亲的老相识。)pal 口语用词，指十分要好的朋友。例如： - Weve been pals since childhood. (我们自儿时就是好朋友。)instantly: adv. 立即；马上- 霎那间，迪克意识到他处境危险。(Instantly Dick awoke to the terrors of his position.) workaholic: n. 工作狂N.B.:词缀 aholic，-holic，-oholic 在某些词后面表示“沉溺于，无法摆脱”的意思。如：shop-aholic，golf-aholic，tobaccoholic 等。 classic:adj. 经典的；古典的，传统的；最优秀的 n. 名著；经典著作；大艺术家day off: 休息日- 下次休假时，我再来看你。 (Ill come over to see you on my next day off.)conceivably: adv. 可想到地；可想象地他的话想来不会是他的原意。(He couldnt conceivably have meant what he said.)retire: v. 退休spot:1. n. 地点；斑点2.（1) vt. 认出；走在街上，我看见了一个老朋友。I spotted one of my old friends when I was walking on the streets.2) vi. 沾上污渍；满是斑点- She has two dogs, a yellow one and a spotted one.她有两条狗，一个黄狗，一个斑点狗。3. adj. 现场的；现货买卖的 adv. 准确地；恰好executive: 1. adj. 行政的；经营的；执行的，经营管理的- 美国总统是政府的行政首脑。The President of the United States is the executive head of the government.2. n. 经理；执行委员会；执行者；经理主管人员extracurricular: adj. 课外的extracurricular activities 课外活动extracurricular athletics 课外体育活动extracurricular life 课余生活extracurricular pastime 业余消遣extracurricular books 课外书survive: v. 比活得长；经历后幸存。- 这次地震中一家人都幸免于难, 真是九死一生。- It is a narrow escape that the whole family survive the earthquake.CF: survive, continue, remain & last这些词都是动词，都含有“继续存在”、“经受住”的意思。 survive 可作及物和不及物动词，含有“幸免于难”、“平安度过”之意。continue 为中性词，且不带任何感情色彩，指从开始到结束之间的任何延伸过程。remain 指人或物移去、分离或毁坏后仍留在原地。last 即“持续”、“经受住”之意，特指某事物继续存在，或最为普通意义上的时间持续。marketable: adj. 适合市场需求的；可出售的。compete: vi. 竞争；对抗。虽然只有四匹马竞争，但比赛很精彩。Although there were only four horses competing, it was an exciting pete against (with)与竞争compete for为竞争compete in在中竞争beloved: 1. adj. 深爱的；亲爱的- Every lover sees a thousand graces in the beloved object. (情人眼里出西施。)2. n.深爱的人firm: n. 公司- 公司应按照同工同酬的原则进行分配。The firm should distribute on the principle of equal pay for equal work.The director was careful not to lay the firms plans bare. (董事很注意不外露公司的计划。)embarrass: vt. 使尴尬；使局促不安。- 这是一个尴尬的局面, 但是他们成功地应付过去了。 - It was an embarrassing situation, but they carried it off well.odd:adj. 奇数的；古怪的；剩余的；临时的；零散的n. 奇数；怪人；奇特的事物CF: strange, odd, peculiar & eccentric这些形容词均含有“奇怪的、奇异的、新奇的”之意。strange 普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生、新奇、奇怪或不自然的人或物。例如： - The doctor thought her strange behaviour was caused by stress. - 医生认为她那奇怪的举止是由于紧张所致。odd 通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物，往往令人困惑或奇怪。例如： - He is rather an odd man. (他是个颇为古怪的人。)peculiar 常含有令人不快的“奇怪” 、“奇异”之意；侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性。例如： - This food has got a peculiar taste. (这食物味道怪异。)eccentric 指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。例如： - If you go to the party in slippers, you will be considered rather eccentric. - 如果你穿着拖鞋出席舞会的话，人们会认为你有些古怪。grab: 1. v. 紧紧地抓住- 他抓住了去美国的机会。 (He grabbed the chance to go to the US.)grab a chance抓住机会 grab a seat强占座位 grab at sb. / sth. 试图抓住；抢夺2. n.突然抓住- 他一把抓住柜台上的钱。(He made a grab at the money on the counter.)board: n. 董事会；木板；甲板；膳食vt. 上（飞机、车、船等）；用板盖上；给提供膳宿vi. 寄宿膳宿费一天要多少？(How much is boarding and lodging a day?)N.B. 形近词比较： aboardprep. / adv. 在（车、船、飞机）上abroad adv. 在国外boardn. 木板；vt. 登上（船、飞机等）broad adj. 宽的，辽阔的；宽容的decease: vi. 死the deceased: n. the dead personCF: die, decease, perish & vanish 这些动词均有“死”或“死亡”之意。die 最普通用词，指某人或某物失去生命而永远不存在。例如： - I might as well die as marry him. (与其嫁给他，我倒不如死了算了。)decease 正式用词，多指法律上的用语，只适用于人。例如： - The deceased left a large sum of money to his wife. (死者给他的妻子留下了一大笔钱。)perish 书面用词，多指夭折或不幸暴亡。例如： Hundreds of sheep perished that year because of drought. 那年数以百计的羊因干旱而死亡。vanish 指某物绝迹、不存在或化为乌有。例如： - Many kinds of animals have vanished from the earth. (许多种动物已经在地球上灭绝了。)look sb. in the eye: 直视某人他是个有高度道德原则的人，无论对谁都可以问心无愧。 He is a person of high moral principles, who can look anyone straight in the eye.bitterness: n. 愤怒；委屈；怨恨。叫苦连天 (Ones cry for bitterness is heavenly high.) 苦中作乐 (seek happiness from bitterness) 忆苦思甜 (contrast past bitterness with present happiness) 悲喜交集 (Happiness is dashed with bitterness.) straighten out: 解决finances: 动词vt.给提供资金;资助 不可数名词 n.财政;金融 不可数名词; 财力 ; 财务状况(或管理)当然，这事是否能成功取决于你的经济状况。Whether it can be done or not depends, of course, on your finances.national / public / state finances国家财政 high finance巨额融资an expert in finance财政专家 the Minister of Finance财政部长 option: n. 1.期权；买卖权琼斯已取得那幢房子的买卖权。 Jones has taken an option on that house. 2. 选择。机会总是留给有准备的人。There are various options open to someone who is well prepared.CF: option, choice & alternative 这些名词均含有“选择”之意。option着重特别给予的选择权，所选物常常相互排斥。choice侧重指自由选择的权利或特权。alternative 指在相互排斥的两者之间进行选择，也可指在两者以上中进行选择。 and all that: 诸如此类的随着年龄的增长，我逐渐遇到各种不良行为的诱惑，如吸毒、酗酒，凡此种种。While growing up, I was surrounded with temptations to commit misdeeds like drugs, alcohol and all that.pick out （vt）1.选择2.辨认出；分辨出他的房子有一扇黑色的大门，很容易从其余的房子中区别出来。His house is easily picked out from the rest for it has a large black door.pick and steal扒窃 pick out选择 pick up拾起 pick up with在偶然机会认识discreetly: adv. 谨慎的inquiry: n.打听；询问 inquiry about请求帮助；询问inquiry into调查；查究 on inquiry经打听；经询问replacement: n. 接替者；替代物凡本店售出的商品一律承诺包退包换包赔。 Our shop sells goods with three guarantees: refund, replacement or compensationreplacement worker顶替工 replacement ticket补票 replacement of defective items劣品包换 课文短语劳累过度而死work oneself to death死于die of / from摇头shake ones head休假on ones day off坐上头把交椅move to the top spot业余爱好extracurricular interests适合市场需求的技能marketable skills放弃give up与竞争compete with / against对某人关心太多care too much for sb.一家制造公司a manufacturing firm新近结婚newly married打零工do odd jobs抓住不放grab at彻夜不眠stay up all night对公司来说举足轻重mean much to the company正视look in the eye解决经济问题straighten out finances优先认股权stock option以及诸如此类and all that辨别出pick out四处打听ask around课外阅读pop up:出现；发生。在电视上、杂志上以及百老汇，到处都看见那个电影明星。 The film star pops up everywhere, on TV, in magazines, on Broadway.among others / among other things: （除列举到的之外）还有许多。宾客包括伊莉莎白泰勒和迈克尔杰克逊。The guests included, among others, Elizabeth Taylor and Michael Jackson.distract: vt. 使分心。- 爸爸开车时别让他分心。 (Dont distract your father while hes driving.)relationship: n. 关系；关联；亲属关系。delegate: v. 把委托给下级如果你很忙，为什么不分点工作给助理做呢？If youre so busy, why dont you delegate some of your work to your assistant?input: n. 投入；输入我们听取雇员的意见，珍视他们的投入。We listen to our employees and value their input.typically: adv. 通常；典型地typical: adj. 典型的；特有的；象征性的这幅画正是他早期的代表作品。 (This painting is fairly typical of his early work.)focus on: 集中link: v.联系；连接。吸烟和肺癌有一定的关系。 (Lung cancer has been linked to smoking cigarettes.)concern: n. 关注；担心；关心的事人们越来越关注我们的城市污染问题。There is growing concern about pollution in our cities.extreme: adj. 极度的在那个国家的广大农村仍然存在着极度贫困问题。Extreme poverty still exists in many rural areas in that country.in short: 总之；简言之我们既没有资金也没有技术工人；总而言之，我认为我们干不了。 We have neither money nor skilled workers. In short, I dont think we can do it.solution: n. 解决；解决方法；解答对于人口过剩没有简单的解决方法。 There are no simple solutions to the problem of overpopul