大学综合英语Unit 11课后答案详解.doc

Unit 11I. Vocabulary Analysis 1. Phrase practice 1. rock with = move slowly and regularly in harmony with 与一同晃动e.g. Lets rock with the music. 让我们随着音乐一起摇摆吧。The moment when the new year bell rang, the whole house rocked with hails. 当新年的钟声响起时，房子里充满了欢呼声。2. take sbs name in vain =call ones name in an unfriendly way 轻蔑地（滥用）叫某人名字 e.g. Never take the name of God in vain. 不得滥用上帝之名 He always takes her name in vain. 他总是轻蔑地叫她的名字。3. hold up= delay 拖延e.g. We had planned to finish the match before dark, but the heavy rain held us up. 我们原计划在天黑前完成比赛，但给大雨耽搁了。 The constructing of the new bridge was help up by the heavy fog. 新桥的建造因为大雾而停了下来。3. break into =burst into, get in violently 爆发,，闯入e.g. On hearing the news, he broke into laughter. 听到这个消息时，他忽然大笑起来。They broke into the office and kidnapped the manager. 他们闯入办公室，绑架了经理。2. Word comparison 1. membership: the state of being a member of an organization e.g. He is excluded from membership of the society.member: a person, animal or thing which is part of a group e.g. The lion is a member of the cat family.number: a word or sign that represents an amount or a quantity e.g. Five was her lucky number.quantity: an amount that you can measure or count e.g. Cheap goods are available, but not in sufficient quantities to satisfy demand.2. accompany: if one thing accompanies another, it happens or exists at the same time, or as a result of it e.g. Lightning usually accompanies thunder.escort: to go with someone or a vehicle especially to make certain that they arrive safely or that they leave a place e.g. Several little boats escorted the sailing ship into the harbour.attend: to go to an event such as a meeting or a class e.g. Please let us know if you are unable to attend.convoy: to travel with a vehicle or a group of people to make certain that they arrive safely e.g. Two tanks convoyed the trucks across the border.3. calm: a calm person does not show or feel any worry, anger, or excitement e.g. Tom is usually a calm man.serene: peaceful and calm, worried by nothinge.g. She has a lovely serene face.still: quiet and calm e.g. The castle was completely still .quiet: someone or something that is quiet makes only a small amount of noise e.g. The airlines have invested enormous sums in new, quieter aircraft.4. cry: to produce tears as the result of a strong emotion, such as unhappiness or pain e.g. I could hear someone crying in the next room.weep: to cry, especially because you feel very sad e.g. The little baby broke down and wept.wail: if someone wails, they make long, loud, high-pitched cries which express sorrow or pain e.g. The women began to wail in mourning.shout: to express strong emotions, such as anger, fear or excitement, or to express strong opinions, in a loud voicee.g. He shouted at me when I broke the window.5. revolve: if one object revolves around another object, the first object turns in a circle around the second object e.g. The satellite revolves around the Earth once every hundred minutes.swirl: to move quickly with a twisting circular movement e.g. Swirl a little oil around the flying pan.roll: to move somewhere by turning over and over or from side to side e.g. The dog rolled over onto its back.swing: to make regular movements forwards and backwards or from one side to another while hanging from a particular point, or to make something do this e.g. Let your arms swing as you walk.6. take place: to happen, especially in a controlled or organized way e.g. The concert takes place next Monday.happen: when something happens, there is an event, especially one that is not planned e.g. It is impossible to predict what will happen next.be present: in a particular place e.g. The whole family was e: if a time or an event comes, it arrives or happens e.g. At last the day came for us to set off.7. rise: when you rise, you stand up e.g. Amy rose slowly from the chair.raise: to lift something to a higher position e.g. He raised the window and leaned out.climb: to move up, down, or across something using your feet and hands, especially when this is difficult to do so e.g. Tony climbed the stairs.mount: if you mount the stairs or a platform, you go up the stairs or go up onto the platform e.g. He mounted the platform and began to speak to the crowd.8. happy: someone who is happy has feelings of pleasure, usually because something nice has happened or because they feel satisfied with their lives e.g. Alice is a confident and happy baby.joyous: full of joy; very happy e.g. The poem is a joyous affirmation of the power of love.ecstatic: feeling extremely happy and excited e.g. My daughters birth was ecstatic.contented: happy and satisfied e.g. She smiled a contented smile.3. Synonym / AntonymGive synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Then just before the revival ended, they held a special meeting for children, “to bring the young lambs to the fold.”Synonyms: close, terminate, conclude2. My aunt spoke of it for days ahead.Antonyms: later, afterwards3. My aunt told me that when you were saved you saw a light, and something happened to you inside!Synonym: internally4. So I sat there calmly in the hot, crowded church, waiting for Jesus to come to me.Antonyms: excitedly, impatiently5. The preacher preached a wonderful rhythmical sermon.Synonyms: marvelous, amazing, miraculous, terrific6. Finally all the young people had gone to the altar and were saved, but one boy and me.Antonyms: first, primarily, initially7. And I kept waiting serenely for Jesus, waiting, waiting but he didnt come.Synonyms: peacefully, quietly, calmly8. Then joyous singing filled the room.Antonyms: cheerless, joyless, sad, melancholy4. Sentence rephrasing Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in brackets.1.The murderer wiped the gun in case his fingerprints should betray him. (give)Tip：give v. offer, provide 给e.g. Thank you for giving me trust.give away disclosure 泄露；make a gift of 赠送e.g. He doesnt want to give away his secret to you. 他不打算向你说出他的秘密。 He gave away his books to his students. 他把自己的书送给了他的学生们。Key: The murderer wiped the gun in case his fingerprints should give him away.2.Its going to be awfully expensive. (cost)Tip: cost v. be priced at 花费e.g. The fancy car cost him a fortune. Key: Its going to cost an awful lot.3.Who is responsible for all this mess? (blame)Tip：blame v. criticize 责备e.g. The child was blamed for smashing the bottle. Who is to blame for the potential danger?Key: Who is to blame for all this mess?4.Unlike you, I dont have to retire when Im sixty. (difference)Tip: difference n. variation, distinction 区别 e.g. The differences between the twins are to be found by no one in the class.Key: The difference between us is that I dont have to retire when Im sixty.5.Whats your preference for tonight, the theatre or the cinema? (rather)Tip: rather adv. to some extent 相当地e.g. I would rather fail than cheat in the interview. Pork is rather cheap now.Key: Where would you rather go tonight, the theatre or the cinema?6.It would not be a waste of time to look at that house again.(worth)Tip: worth adj. having a specific value 值得e.g. The mission is worth a lot of effort.Key: That house is worth looking at again.7.Im not going to punish you this time. (let)Tip: let v. allow 让，允许e.g. The teacher let the kids go home early yesterday.let off set free 允许（离开）e.g. We were let off school today because of the flood.Key: I m going to let you off this time.8.Christina inherited a large fortune on her fathers death. (come)Tip: come v. move toward 来e.g. Spring festival is e into acquire 获得，得到e.g. He came into a big fortune when his aunt died.Key: Christina came into a large fortune on her fathers death.II. Grammar Exercises 1. Reported speechSaying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech). e. g. She said, “Todays lesson is on presentations.” Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesnt use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesnt have to be word for word.e. g. He says that he speaks English.Note: Backshift of Simple Present is optional if the situation is still unchanged or if you agree with the original speaker. e. g. “Canberra is the capital of Australia.”She said that Canberra is / was the capital of Australia. Advisory expressions with must, should and ought are usually reported using advise / urge.e.g. “You must read that book.”He advised / urged me to read that book. The expression lets is usually reported using suggest. In this case, there are various possibilities for reported speech: gerund or statement with should.e. g. “Lets go to the cinema.“He suggested going to the cinema.He suggested that we should go to the cinema.Practice:Rewrite the following sentences, starting with “Tom said / asked / suggested ”1. The earth moves around the sun.2. I want to go on holiday but I cant afford it.3. Will you bring them all up to the house?4. I am a doctor and work in a hospital.5. If I had more time, I would learn French.6. Lets go out for a walk.Keys:1. Tom said the earth moves around the sun. (When reporting, we dont need to change the present tense into the past tense if a general truth is being referred to.)2. Tom said that he wanted to go on holiday but that he couldnt afford it.3. Tom suggested that I (should) bring them all up to the house. (When we report a suggestion, we can use a that-clause which contains the modal “should.” We can omit “should” in relatively formal language.)4. Tom said that he was a doctor and worked in the hospital.5. Tom said that if he had more time, he would learn French. (Simple Past and Past Progressive do not normally change in sentences with when / if.)6. Tom suggested that we (should) go out for a walk. (Lets is usually reported by using suggest.)2. Subject-verb agreement The subject and verb must agree in number: both must be singular, or both must be plural. In order to find out if your subject and verb agree, you first need to be able to identify the subject of your sentence. Here are some helpful hints that will help you to decipher where your subject is and where it is not.1) Most likely, your verb will agree with the first noun to the left of the verb. e.g. The Supreme Court judge decides the appropriate penalty.2) Occasionally, a sentence has the subject after the verb instead of before it. This strategy is often used for poetic effect. e. g. Over the ripples glides a small canoe.3) If subjects are joined by or or nor, the verb should agree with the closer subject. e. g. Either the actors or the director is at fault.4) The relative pronouns (who, whom, which, and that) are either singular or plural, depending on the words they refer to. e. g. The sales manager is a good researcher who spends a great amount of time surfing the Web for information.5) Indefinite pronouns (someone, somebody, each, either one, everyone, or anyone) are considered singular and need singular verbs although they may convey plural meaning. e. g. Anyone who wants to pursue higher education has to pass entrance exams.6) A few nouns can be either plural or singular, depending on whether they mean a group or separate individuals. These words are rarely used as plurals in modern writing. e. g. The jury is sequestered.7) A few subjects look plural but are really singular or vice versa. e. g. The news of the discovery is spreading. The mass media have publicized the facts.Practice:Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the verbs given.1. All my belongings _ (have) been destroyed in a fire.2. Our company headquarters _ (be) in Boston.3. This species _ (have) green and white spots.4. Every man, woman, and child _ (be) asked to contribute.5. Neither of the girls _ (are) over eighteen.6. Ham and eggs _ (make) a hearty breakfast for a growing boy.Keys:1. have (Most nouns ending in ing are treated as plural.)2. is / are (“Headquarters” is followed by a singular or plural verb.)3. has (From the determiner “this”, we can tell that “species” here is used in the singular sense.)4. is (Indefinite pronouns are considered singular and need singular verbs although they convey plural meaning.)5. are (The subjects are joined by neither, so the verb should agree with the closer subject.)6. makes (“Ham and eggs” refer to one instead of two kinds of food for breakfast, so the singular verb is used here.)III Translation exercises1听众不时以掌声打断总统候选人的讲话。(punctuate) Explanation：If something is punctuated by another one, it is interrupted at intervals. Translation: The presidential candidates speech was often punctuated now and then by outbursts of applause from the audience. Practice： 你应用正确的标点将整段文章点开，以使意思更明了。You should punctuate the whole passage with correct marks in order to make its meaning clear. 老太太的话不时被外面的吵闹声所打断。The old ladys word is punctuated by noise from outside. 2. 乐队突飞猛进地发展，已经开始接受真正的演出了。（by leaps and bounds）Explanation： If sth./sb. moves by leaps and bounds, i