大学英语四级汉译英那些语法和句型.doc

汉译英题型重点句型1） It is形容词that例如：it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色。2） It is形容词to do/ doing例如：She had said what it was necessary to say.她已经说了一切有必要说的话。3） 祈使句名词and/ or例如：Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination.努力工作，你就能实现自己的目标。4） asmany/ much名词as例如：It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in Lon-don.据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。5） 倍数词as形容词as例如：The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago.这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。6) 倍数词+ more +名词形容词十than例如：Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.吸烟对人体健康的危害极大，每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多七倍。7）（not）as/ so. as（和（不）一样）例如：The environmental problems are not as serious as they suggested in their report.环境问题没有他们在报告中说得那么严重。8）no more. than（与一样不）例如：She is no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be.匕个女学生固然不宜当经理，她也同样不宜。9）Nothing is more. than（没有比更的；是最的）例如：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。10）感官动词of名词例如：They hurriedly escaped into a cave that smelt of terror.他们仓皇地逃人一个充满恐怖气氛的山洞。11）without/ not so much as（甚至没有）例如：Disappointed with her husband，Mary left home without so much as looking back at him出于对丈夫的失望，玛丽离开了家，甚至都没有回头看他一眼。12）may/ might as well（as）（与其还不如）例如：One may as well not know a thing at all as know but imperfectly.与其一知半解还不如彻底蒙在鼓里。13）too.to.二（太而不能；极其地）例如：It was not too bright of them to settle in an area where earthquakes frequently occur.他们选择在地震多发的地区定居，这可不是个明智的决定。14）only to find/ see（结果却；没想到会）例如：He spent almost all his money to buy the hen which was said to be able to lay gold eggs, only to find it could not lay eggs at all.为了买那只据说能下金蛋的母鸡，他几乎倾家荡产，没想到这只鸡根本不会下蛋。15）It is undoubted that/ There is no doubt that（毫无疑问，）例如：There is no doubt that war can be avoided if we get down to peace talk.毫无疑问，如果我们肯认真和谈就能避免战争。16）rather than（而不是）例如：Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness，we should focus on the improvement of ourselves.我们应该集中精力改善自我，而不是追求金钱的享乐。17）not. until（直到才）例如：We cant release the film until we have the approval from the authority concerned.直到获得有关当局的批准我们才能发行那部电影。18）so/ such（）that（如此以至于）例如：With the rumor spreading fast, their anxiety was such that they could not sleep/they became so anxious that they could not sleep.在谣言迅速散播的情况下，他们焦虑异常，无法人睡。19）（The）chances are that（很可能）例如：Chances are that she has already known it, and there is no need for us to keep the secret.她很可能已经知道了，所以我们没有必要再保守这个秘密。20）It occurred to sb. that（突然想到）例如：It had never occurred to Cinderella she would become a princess someday. Cinderella从来没有想到她会成为一位王妃。21）not. but.（不是而是）例如：To our disappointment, the plan caused not development but destruction.让我们失望的是，这个计划带来的不是进步而是破坏。22）It is taken for granted that（被认为是理所当然的）例如：It has been taken for granted that women should take on all the housework.多年来人们一直认为女性做家务是理所当然的。23）It is/ was said that（据说）例如：it is said that man is the least biologically determined species of all because he possesses features absent in other natural species.据说人类是生物学上最难归类的物种，因为人类拥有其他天然物种所缺乏的特性。24）When it comes to.（提及，当提到的时候）例如：When it comes to physics，I know nothing.谈到物理学，我一无所知。25）be not much of a. . .（是个不太好的）例如：Mike is not much of a teacher for he often skips from one subject to another.麦克不是个好老师，因为他总是从一个话题跳转到另一个话题。26）As far as sb.sth. is concerned（就而言，在看来）例如：As far as I am concerned, fashion .belongs to women.在我看来，时尚是属于女性的。27）not only. but also（不但而且）例如：Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a brilliant poet.莎士比亚不仅是一位伟大的剧作家而且是一位才华横溢的诗人。28）（n) either.（n) or.（既不也不；或者或者）例如：Liking neither the story nor the background music，he fell asleep in the cinema.他既不喜欢故事情节也不喜欢背景音乐，所以在电影院里睡着了。29）no sooner than/ hardly when/ scarcely when（刚就）例如：I had hardly opened the door when he rushed in.我刚开门他就冲进来了。30）the morethe more（越越）例如：The faster a countrys economy develops，the slower its population grows.一个国家的经济发展越快，它的人口增长就越慢。作文：常用句型1. 开头句nIt is a fact thatnIt can be seen thatnIt is well known thatnThere is no doubt thatnIt is generally believed thatnNow it is commonly accepted thatnPeople used to hold a belief thatnNowadays more and more people are concerned with the problem thatnDifferent people have different opinions onnWhen it comes to the issue of 2. 提出个人观点nAs for me,nFor my part,nAs far as Im concerned,nI am in favor of nI am on the side of nIn my opinion,nI agree to 3. 罗列各个原因、方面nThe reasons can be listed as follows.nQuite a number of reasons lead to this problem.nIn the first place, / In the second place, nFirstly, /Secondly, nFirst of all, / The second reason is nFor one thing, / For another thing,nThe first and the foremost important is/ The last but not the least is 4.罗列正反面的论据nOn one hand, / On the other hand, nOn the contrary, / In contrast, 5. 总结nIn all,nIn a word,nIn short,nTo conclude, nTo sum up,nTo sum up in one word,nIt can be concluded that,nA conclusion can be reached that 6.提出解决办法nHere are some suggestions that we shouldnMy suggestion is thatnIt is suggested thatnActions should be taken tonWe should take some measures to7.表示问题的重要性nIt is very important tonIt is of great importance tonIt is vital tonIt is playing an important role in nWithout it we cannot8.描写图表的表达方法nIt has been shown thatnAccording to the table/diagram/chart, we can see thatnThe table/diagram/chart has revealed thatnThe table/diagram/chart can give us some idea of9.描写数据变化的表达方法nFrom the table/diagram/chart, we can see that the rate of A is higher than B.nAs can be seen in the table/diagram/chart, there are more A than B.nThe number of A is as large as B.nThe number of A has increased sharply from B to C.nThe number of A is declining dramatically from B to C.英语四级作文万能句 （一）段首句 1. 关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为 There are different opinions among people as to _ .Some people suggest that _. 2. 俗话说（常言道），它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying _. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，；其次，。更为糟糕的是。 Today, _, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, _. Second, _. What makes things worse is that_. 4. 现在，很普遍，许多人喜欢，因为，另外（而且）。 Nowadays，it is common to _. Many people like _ because _. Besides，_. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and _ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说），在他们看来， Peoples opinions about _ vary from person to person. Some people say that _. To them,_. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem _ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. 已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 _ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. 在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 _ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出。很显然，但是为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that_ while. Obviously，_，but why? （二）中间段落句 1. 相反，有一些人赞成，他们相信，而且，他们认为。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of _.At the same time，they say_. 2. 但是，我认为这不是解决的好方法，比如。最糟糕的是。 But I dont think it is a very good way to solve _. For example，_. Worst of all，_. 3. 对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，。而且，最重要的是 _is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First，_.Whats more, _. Most important of all, _. 4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can_. 5. 面临，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来。一方面，另一方面， Confronted with _，we should take a series of effective measures to_. For one thing，_. For another，_ 6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说，另外。所有这些方法肯定会。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _. In addition, _. All these measures will certainly_. 7. 为什么？第一个原因是；第二个原因是；第三个原因是。总的来说，的主要原因是由于 Why_? The first reason is that _. The second reason is _. The third is _. For all this, the main cause of _ due to _. 8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，也有它的不利的一面，象。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, _also has its own disadvantages, such as _. 9. 尽管如此，我相信更有利。 Nonetheless, I believe that _is more advantageous. 10. 完全同意这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下： I fully agree with the statement that _ because_. （三）结尾句 1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为 As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that _. 2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of _. Only in this way can _in the future. 3. 但是，和都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，而。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢） But _ and _ have their own advantages. For example, _, while_. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to _. 4. 就我个人而言，我相信，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为 Personally, I believe that_. Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because_. 5. 随着社会的发展，。因此，迫切需要。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society, _. So its urgent and necessary to _. If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better. 6. 至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为更合理。只有这样，我们才能 For my part, I think it reasonable to_. Only in this way can you _. 7. 对我来说，我认为有必要。原因如下：第一，； 第二，；最后但同样重要的是 In my opinion, I think it necessary to_. The reasons are as follows. First _. Second _. Last but not least, _. 8. 在总体上很难说是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现。 It is difficult to say whether _is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of_. However, from a personal point of view I find _. 9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论 From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that_. 10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是 If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_. 大学英语四级汉译英常考那些语法和句型？1虚拟语气 2动词词组（不同搭配，意义不同） 3haveshall等have done的句型。 4各类状语从句。 大概就是这些。历年大学英语四级常考短语(1)a seriesof一系列,一连串 aboveall首先,尤其是afterall毕竟,究竟 aheadof在.之前aheadoftime提前 allatonce突然,同时allbut几乎;除了.都 allofasudden突然allover遍及alloveragain再一次,重新allthetime一直,始终allthesame仍然,照样的asregards关于,至于 anythingbut根本不asamatteroffact实际上apartfrom除.外(有/无)asarule通常,照例 asaresult(of)因此,由于asfaras.beconcerned就.而言 asfaras远至,到.程度asfor至于,关于 asfollows如下asif好像,仿怫 asgoodas和.几乎一样asusual像平常一样,照例 asto至于,关于allright令人满意的;可以 aswell同样,也,还aswellas除.外(也),即.又 asidefrom除.外(还有)ataloss茫然,不知所措 atatime一次,每次atall丝毫(不),一点也不 atallcosts不惜一切代价atallevents不管怎样,无论如何 atalltimes随时,总是atanyrate无论如何,至少 atbest充其量,至多atfirst最初,起先 atfirstsight乍一看,初看起来athand在手边,在附近 atheart内心里,本质上athome在家,在国内 atintervals不时,每隔.atlarge大多数,未被捕获的 atleast至少atlast终于 atlength最终,终于atmost至多,不超过 atnotime从不,决不byaccident偶然 atonetime曾经,一度;同时atpresent目前,现在 atsbsdisposal任.处理atthecostof以.为代价atthemercyof任凭.摆布atthemoment此刻,目前 atthisrate照此速度 attimes有时,间或backandforth来回地,反复地 backof在.后面beforelong不久以后 besidepoint离题的,不相干的beyondquestion毫无疑问 byair通过航空途径byallmeans尽一切法,务必 byandby不久,迟早bychance偶然,碰巧 byfar最,.得多byhand用手,用体力 byiteslf自动地,独自地bymeansof用,依靠 bymistake错误地,无意地bynomeans决不,并没有 byoneself单独地,独自地byresonof由于 bytheway顺便说说byvirtueof借助,由于bywayof经由,通过.方法dueto由于,因为 eachother互相evenif/though即使,虽然 everso非常,极其everynowandthen时而,偶尔 everyother每隔一个的exceptfor除了.外facetoface面对面地farfrom远非,远离 forever永远forgood永久地forthebetter好转forthemoment暂时,目前 forthepresent暂时,目前forthesakeof为了,为了.的利益 forthetimebeing暂时,眼下fromtimetotime有时,不时 handinhand手拉手,密切关联headon迎面地正面的 heartandsoul全心全意地howabout.怎么样 inahurry匆忙,急于incaseof假如,防备 inamoment立刻,一会儿inasense从某种意义上说 inaway在某种程度上inaword简言之,总之 inaccordancewith与.一致,按照inaddition另外,加之 inadditionto除.之外(还)inadvance预先,事先 inall总共,合计inanycase无论如何 inanyevent无论如何inbrief简单地说 inchargeof负责,总管incommon共用的,共有的 inconsequence(of)因此;由于indebt欠债,欠情indetail详细地indifficulty处境困难 ineffect实际上,事实上ingeneral一般来说,大体上 infavourof支持,赞成infrontof面对,在.前 inhalf成两半inhand在进行中,待办理 inhonourof为庆祝,为纪念initself本质上,就其本身而言 inlinewith与.一致inmemoryof纪念 innocase决不innotime立即,马上 innoway决不inorder按顺序,按次序 inotherwords换句话说inpart部分地 inparticular特别,尤其inperson亲自,本人 inplace在合适的位置inplaceof代替,取代,交换 inpractice在实践中,实际上inproportionto与.成比例 inpublic公开地,当众inquantity大量 inquestion正在谈论的inregardto关于,至于 inrelationto关于,涉及inreturn作为报答/回报/交换 inreturnfor作为对.报答inshort简言之,总之 insight被见到;在望inspiteof尽管 instep齐步,合拍instepwith与.一致/协调 intears流着泪,在哭着inthecourseof在.期间/过程中 inthedistance在远处intheend最后,终于 intheeventof如果.发生,万一inthefaceof即使;在.面前 inthefirstplace首先inthefuture在未来 intheleast丝毫,一点in(the)lightof鉴于,由于 intheway挡道intheworld究竟,到底 intime及时intouch联系,接触 inturn依次,轮流;转而invain徒劳,白费力insteadof代替,而不是justnow眼下;刚才 littlebylittle逐渐地lotsof许多 manya许多moreorless或多或少,有点 nextdoor隔壁的,在隔壁nodoubt无疑地 nolessthan不少于.;不亚于.nolonger不再 nomore不再nomorethan至多,同.一样不 noneotherthan不是别的,正是ononesguard警惕,提防 nothingbut只有,只不过nowandthen时而,偶尔 affandon断断续续,间歇地offduty下班 onalarge/smallscale大/小规模地onaccountof由于 on(an/the)average平均,通常onbehalfof代表 onboard在船(车/飞机)上onbusiness因公 onconditionthat如果onduty上班,值班 onearth究竟,到底onfire起火着火 onfoot步行,onguard站岗,值班 onhand在场,在手边onoccasion(s)有时,间或 ononesown独立,独自onpurpose故意地 onsale出售,廉价出售onschedule按时间表,准时 onsecondthoughts经重新考虑onthecontrary正相反 onthegroundsof根据,以.为由on(the)onehand一方面 ontheotherhand另一方面onthepointof即将.的时刻 ontheroad在旅途中ontheside作为兼职/副业 onthespot在场;马上onthewhole总的来说,大体上 ontime准时onceagain再一次 once(and)forall一劳永逸地onceinawhile偶尔 oncemore再一次onceuponatime从前 oneanother相互orelse否则,要不然 orso大约,左右otherthan非;除了 outof从.中;由于;缺乏outofburath喘不过气来 outofcontrol失去控制outofdate过时的 outofdoors在户外outoforder出故障的 outofplace不适当的outofpractice久不练习,荒疏 outofsight看不见,在视野外outofthequestion毫无可能的 outoftouch不联系,不接触overandover(again)一再地,再三地 priorot在.之前quiteafew相当多,不少 ratherthan不是.(而是)regardlessof不顾,不惜 rightaway立即,马上sidebyside肩并肩,一起 sofar迄今为止soonerorlater迟早,早晚 stepbystep逐步地suchas例如,诸如 thanksto由于,多亏thatis(tosay)就是说,即 tothepoint切中要害,切题undercontrol处于控制之下 underthecircumstances这种情况下uptodate在进行中upto多达;直到;胜任;取决于whatif切合目前情况的 whatabout怎么样withrespectto如果.将怎么样 withregardto关于,至于withoutquestion关于,至于, withtheexceptionof除.之外withoutquestion毫无疑问 wordforword逐字的大学英语四级考试语法的考点分析 在英语四级历年词汇与结构的考试试题中，语法部分约占40%，词汇部分约占60%，而且多有交叉。所以，要想在考试中取得过级分数这两个部分还是不能轻视的。下面将分别讲讲如何去应对他们。 语法题主要有以下考点 1、虚拟语气强调说话人的主观愿望和假想情况。考生应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest，in case，otherwise等)；一部分表示建议、主张、命令、紧要等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句。同位语从句往往采用“(should)+动词原形”；虚拟倒装句；在would rather，wish，as if，ittime that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望：混合虚拟句。 2、主谓一致这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判定谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词作主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式，如people，poultry，militia等；用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数；就近原则；主语中含有某些连词(如as well as，besides，in addition to等)时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。 3、倒装结构表示强调或突出，分为全部倒装和部分倒装。哪些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句，部分倒装和全部倒装有何区别，as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。 4、非谓语动词这是词汇与结构考试中语法部分的重中之重，解题时可以从三个方面人手： 根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词； 非谓语动同同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式，同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在分词一般式或过去分词；在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式；发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式； 表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。 5、独立主格题一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格结构。这两种结构都作状语，不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。 6、时态英语中一共有16个时态，最常用的5个时态是一般现在时。现在进行时、一般过去时。一般将来时和现在完成时。四级考试中出现最多的考点是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。针对这一题型，考生首先要抓住的就是时间状语，是现在时间、将来时间还是过去时间？是短暂时间还是延续性时间？ 7、名词性从句形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点，用什么引导词，引导词前面的介词形式，引导词在从句中做什么成分(做宾语。主语还是状语等)，从句的语序等等均有可能成为考点。此外，主语从句。同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。 虚拟语气的用法：虚拟语气考试的频度非常大。虚拟语气主要分为两大类：谓语使用动词原形的情况及使用过去时或过去完成时的情况。 1句子谓语需用动词原形的情况1）英语中有些表示愿望、建议、命令、要求的动词的宾语从句的谓语需用should十动词原形， 美国英语多用动词原形，英国英语可用动词原形或用 should十动词原形两种形式。这些常用动词包括：suggest，propose，recommend，order，demand, command, request，require，insist，desire，ask，urge，advise，move（提动议），prefer，determine，resolve，decide，vote，arrange