四级写作讲义.docx

四级写作应试技巧张 磊.考试大纲的具体规定：第五部分：写作 (Part V Writing)：共1题，考试时间30分钟。 要求学生写出一篇100120个词的短文。试卷上可能给出题目，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写，或给出关键词要求写成短文或写信。作文要求切题，能够正确表达思想，意思连贯，文理基本通顺，无重大语言错误。写作的内容包括科技、社会、文化等方面的一般常识。短文写作部分的目的是 “测试学生用英语书面表达思想的能力”。这里对写作考试提出了四项要求：1) 长度；2) 题型；3) 语言；4) 内容。1. 长度必须在100120词之间，少于100词要扣分，但也不要超过120个词很多。所以考试前要练习在30分钟内能写出100120词的能力，大约知道100120个词的篇幅有多大。2. 题型列出了5种： (1) 段首句或主题句作文；(2) 根据提纲作文；(3) 根据图画、图表作文；(4) 根据关键词作文；(5) 根据要求写书信。3. 语言方面要尽量不犯或少犯语法错误、拼写错误或大小写错误，正确使用标点符号，初步掌握英语段落结构和篇章结构，写出来的东西便于别人看懂。4. 写作内容虽为日常生活和一般常识，使大家都有话说，都有东西写，但是要写得好，就需要多练，对常见题材所用的词汇和句型，要达到所谓 “常做则机关熟，题虽甚难，为之亦易”。. 短文写作的评分标准与原则本题满分值为15分。阅卷标准共分五等：2分，5分，8分，11分，及14分。阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数 (如8分) 相似，即定为该分数 (即8分)；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可以加一分 (即9分) 或减一分 (即7分)。但不得加或减半分。2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多严重的语言错误。8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错，文字运用较好。例如:2003年9月考试四级作文题：The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured)提纲：1. 简单叙述一下这位同学生病（或受伤）的情况2. 同学、老师和我是如何帮助他 / 她的3. 人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是例1（2分段） One day, we are all in classroom. Wang fang said, Oh! We all see her and found that she was crying! Teacher turned to ask her what was wrong. She said, I do got a fever, my head is very hot! Feng Gang sent she to hospital, we all followed they. In the hospital, doctor Wang give a inject to her, she gradually calm and not hot as before. We all thanked the doctor.点评：未能按照题目要求写，没有着重写 同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的 人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是。条理不清，思路紊乱，大部分句子均有错误，有的甚至影响理解。例2（5分段） Last week, lining and I studied in classroom. Suddenly, lining said to me that he had a headache. I asked he to see doctor. he said it was not bad. After 5 miniuts, lining sai to me his headache very serious. So I helped him go to hosptial. Students and teacher heard lining went to hosptial, all of them went to the hosptial. Some teacher asked lining dont worry, it will be good. Some students asked lining take care of himself. lining said that he was very moved.Thought this things, I think a lot. The world is beautiful, because the love filled in it. people can help each other when who are in trouble. 点评：本文基本切题。语句衔接不自然，简单句使用得太多，有些表达不太准确，有明显的中文痕迹。要加强衔接词的运用，单复句的转换，句式的多样化，还有语言基本功的训练。例3（8分段） One day there is a student who was isolated for infectious disease. We and our teachers are concerting about his situation. But he must be isolated from us for relivesing measure. In this important period, we telephoned to him, we also told him that he had a good rest time. we suggested that he call up his friends who were not kept in touch because of burden study and read some books which he enjoys but have no time to read. At last we told him that he must get over this fell. I think we should love each other when somebody needs help we should lend our one hand to him.点评：本文基本切题，也有必要的细节描述。但有的地方表达不清楚。有比较多的语言错误。要注意连接词的使用和句式多样化，长短句可以间隔使用，使用长句时注意语法、力求表达清楚。例4（11分段） In 1 April 2003, one of my classmates was get serious cold. First day when he came to school, we found that his eyes were red and his sound was rough. The second day, his cold was too bad that he couldnt go to school. At that time, there was a serious ill called SARS in our country. Its just like badly cold and can infected others easily. But our classmates didnt go away from him. They seemed more close to him. Our classmates helped him to take back breakfast. Our teacher came to see him with his notes book. He helped him to study in order that he didnt drop behind my classmates. For he was my best friend, I just sat on his bed and do my best to comfort him. Although there was SARS around us, but I felt very warm from this thing. It told me that the love from true heart can help come across any difficult. We are so lucky that we live in a big warmth family. And not very long, my classmate was getting healthy and could come to school again. How happy we were! 点评：本文切题，表达思想清楚，文字比较连贯, 但有一些语法错误。例5（14分段） During the SARS period in this spring, the year of 2003, one of my classmates, Li ming, was struck down by the virus and was immediately sent to hospital. The news spread quickly on campus. At first, we were terrified and wondered if we were infected too. However, through our governments publicity on mass media, we gradually conquered the fear and set out to try out best to help her. Some teachers provided darly necessities while some students recorded the English class contents for him so that Li ming could not be left behind. With our care and concern, Li ming recovered quickly. Such an incident teaches us a good moral. Our society is full of love, warm and peaceful, in which people-from man to woman, from individual to individual-lend others a hand. Just like a famous song goes, the world will turn itto heaven only if everyone contributes a little. and I do believe that its my great honor to live in this love-filled paradise!点评：本文切题，论证丰富生动，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无大的语言错误，仅有个别小错误。又如:2003年6月考试四级作文题：An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：1、车祸发生的时间及地点；2、你所见到的车祸情况；3、你对车祸原因的分析。例1 （2分段） At 9:00, Jan. 20, 2003, I eye-witness a traffic accident in Dongfang Street. I see that a（an） old people is hitted (hit) by a car. In my opinion, the rapid driver is the main reason, but the old people also has his error.点评：（1）字数明显不够，尽管都点题了，但只有三句话。（2）有语法错误。例2（5分段） In my opinion, the driver of Benz auto should be blamed on (for) the traffic accident. It was his drunk driving that resulted in this accident. It is not (no) doubt that the traffic accident is a high (hot) topic in the moden (modern) society, different people have different attitude (attitudes) to this. When it come (comes) to the accident, people think it responsible for the driver. But last Sunday I see (saw) a (an) accident. A woman crossed a street when a car turn (turned at) the crossing. it is too late to stop the car,The women was bad (badly) hurt. The people who was walking along the street took the woman to hospital, (and) the driver came with them. As far as (I am) concerned, the both sides have responsibility for this, begin（at the beginning）, the woman should not cross the street. Forthemore (Forthermore) , the driver should pay more attention. Last. we should take proper measure. Only (when) we take the measure and we（become）more careful can we have a colorful（life）tomorrow.点评：(1) 本文基本切题。（2）但有的地方表达思想不清楚，层次不够清楚。如第二段把描述车祸情况和发生原因混为一谈，而最后一段的总结又很牵强。（3）全文有比较多的语言错误，而且有些是严重的错误。例3（8分段） At 9:00am October 25st (25th) 2003, I saw a traffic accident on Daxue Road. At that time, I was on my way to school. When I turned right on the corner, a motorbike knocked into a small car. The motorbike was red, and there are (were) two persons on the motorbike. The car was yellow. The motorbike fell down, and the two persons on the motorbike were slight injured. The (car) driver came out of the car at once, and asked about the two persons. As soon as I saw that, I made a telephone call to 110.The traffic police arrived in a short time. According to what I saw, I thought there may be one reason leading to the accident. That was the motorbike kept too short（a）distant from the car. When the car slowed down, the motorbike couldnt slow down in time. So the accident took place.点评：（1）基本切题。（2）文字连贯性不强，尤其是第二段，缺少一些必要的衔接词。（3）简单句太多，可以考虑把一些合并成复合句。（4）有些地方人称指代不明（如司机），容易引起误解（5）有一些基本的时态、语法错误。例4（11分段） Last Friday afternoon, when I was on my way home, a traffic accident took place at the crossing of Shanghai Road. A pupil was knocked down by a black car when he was walking across the street. His legs were badly hurt. Sever (Several) minutes later an ambulance came, and the driver of the black car sent the pupil to the hospital immediately. In my eyes, this accident was due to that the pupil broke the traffic rules. That is to say, the pupil walked across the street when the traffic lights were red. As soon as the driver saw the pupil, he stopped the car, however, it was too late. In my opinion, it was necessary to advocate people to confirm to the traffic rules. If the pupil hadnt broken the traffic rules, the accident might not have happened.点评：(1)本文比较切题，表达思想清楚。（2）语句比较通顺，但有少量语言错误。例5（14分段） My name is Liming. I am studying at college. A week ago I saw a traffic accident, which is still vivid in my mind. It was at about 9:00 on Saturday morning, June 15th, when I went out of the university to visit a friend of mine at another university. I was walking leisurely on the sidewalk when I heard a loud crash of two vehicles just at the T-junction about 10 meters away. Two taxis crashed together. It was a traffic accident. I went up and found that the two taxis were badly damaged. Both hoofs were out of shape. One door of a car was knocked off and lying on the road. One driver was blooding and another was shut in the taxi. Some people were trying to help the driver get out of the damaged car. One man was calling to the traffic policeman station. A lot of cars were jammed on the road. From the stopping track on the road, it is clear that the two taxis were driving too fast. But it is just one of the reasons. In my opinion, the taxi drivers are eager to take more passengers and make a little more money. On the other hand, both drivers dont show concern for one another. Both of them wanted to run in front of another. Therefore, the accident is inevitable. So far, we should let the drivers keep it in their mind that a little slower, a little safer. Taking care of others lives means taking care of your own life. 点评：（1）切题。（2）表达清楚，描述详细生动。（3）文字通顺，连贯性较好。（4）基本上无大的语言错误，仅有个别小错误。注： 文中划线部分为原文的一些明显语言错误，括号里的为修改建议，为保持原文面貌，对于结构没有做过多改动。. 英语写作困境与对策有些学生在考试时一见到作文题, 便感到很对自己的胃口, 觉得有很多内容要写。于是乎千言万语涌上心头, 写着前一句想着后一句。往往前句尚未写完便接上了后一句, 辛辛苦苦写了一大堆，犹觉余意未尽。结果令判卷的老师头疼不己, 无法继续往下看。原因就在于这种没有构思、未理提纲的作文章法太乱, 语言质量差。无论是四、六级考试还是研究生入学考试, 我国的作文试题都是规定式作文 (controlled writing), 这跟国外考试 (如TOEE) 不一样。因此,写作时必须按给出的提纲或提示去写, 任何过于放任自由的做法都是不可取的,更不要另有所图, 滔滔不绝。这是进入实际操作前的一个基本认识问题, 稍不留神就会出问题。，1. 滔滔不绝 意识流控制这种意识流的写法, 必须严格按照三点提纲来写。假如第一段要求描述某个现象,务必不要先进行原因分析, 否则到了第二段该分析原因的时候就没东西可写了。明智的做法是投其所好, 该如何就如何, 这一原则适用于所有的考试。另外, 有的考生一方面有话则多,一发而不可收, 控制不了自己; 一方面无话则隐, 该说的话没有说出来。我们不妨把作文的要求量化到每一个段落: 一篇200词左右的作文一般不会超过15句话, 把这15句话根据题目要求分配到各段中去, 每一段大约只说那么几句话, 绝不多说。事实上往往是说得越多, 错误越多。因此, 跟着提纲走, 每一段不要写得太多, 点到为止, 见好就收, 这才是最稳妥的对策。2. 无话可说真难受无话可说是滔滔不绝的对立面。有的考生题目看得懂,提纲也一目了然, 就是不知道该说什么, 在考场上头脑一片空白, 想到的也只是空泛的东西。这是一种常见的现象。在这种情况下, 即使是用中文也难以写好, 更何况要用英文去表达。针对这一情况, 办法就是要善于联想到一些具体的事实、具体的例证以及具体的现象。联想起具体细小的事情, 再形成观点。把看得见摸得着的事物带来的思考变成作文里的实质内容, 这不失为一种很好的策略。，3. 平时多练勤思考。在写作时头脑出现空白，应该由具体细小的、琐碎的、微不足道的事物所引发的思考形成观点,再进行论述。这种定式思维的形成需要平时多下功夫多练习。从无话可说到有话可说,有个例子让人不无启发。在种种场合下,经常要欢迎领导讲几句话。领导往往首先开口说: 同志们大家好, 我利用这个机会讲三句话。讲第一句话时, 脑子里不知道第二句话是什么,讲第二句话时, 根本就没想第三句话要说什么。但他最终说了三句话, 以谢谢大家的结束讲话。领导讲话 1、2、3 成了一种定式, 他总能找到有关内容讲几点,这种功夫是长期磨练的结果。4. 真情流露没必要考试时, 监考老师通常发现有的考生坐在那里根本就是在玩深沉, 他在那里思考人生的伟大哲理; 他在那里要想出一个观点, 想出一个理由, 想出一个措施, 非要显得与众不同。陷入这种境地的考生, 显然犯了一个根本性的错误。参考时间为30分钟的作文, 一般应该在25分钟之内完成, 再用几分钟的时间检查语言错误。可有的考生十几分钟一句话都写不了,就是因为他太进入角色了, 他想向判卷的老师掏心掏肺。这是一个很大的误区。5. 表达顺畅最关键考作文的目的纯粹是通过这一命题形式, 考查考生的英语水平如何。命题人关注的是书面表达能力是否顺畅, 而不是看一个人有没有内容, 思想有没有深度。千万不要去猜测判卷的老师喜欢什么观点。只有当作文明显跑题时, 内容才体现出其重要性。不管原因也好, 措施也好, 某一考生想到的任何一点, 很可能命题人早已料到, 而且肯定会被成千上万的考生重复无数遍。因而曾经令自己激动一时的想法, 在判卷的老师看来全无感觉。规定式作文的拓展空间本来就非常有限, 所以只要把作文按命题要求表达顺畅是关键。6. 英语表达憋得慌很多学生在作文时最大障碍就是用英语表达意思很困难。对于这一点,首先要树立信心。实际上, 大部分考生都受过正规的大学英语教育, 即使是一些自学的考生, 其英语水平也足以写好一篇作文。关键在于要把这种潜力挖掘出来。朗文词典(Longman Dictionary) 的最大特点, 就是用2000个核心词来解释几十万个词条, 而且词条大都有几个义项。由此可见, 并不一定要用多么复杂的英语来表达, 也不一定非得添加一些高难度的单词以加深判卷老师的印象。事实上,简单的语言也能表达复杂的事物。著名的美国作家海明威的作品以其明白晓畅的语言吸引了千千万万的读者, 就是一个明证。7. 英语思维不现实用英语思维来写作文是不现实的。如果能用英语思维, 也就谈不上会遇到多大的困难了。在实际写作过程当中, 脑子里想的是中文句子, 然后把一个一个的中文句子译成英文。在翻译的时候努力寻求一一对应的关系, 希望找到与中文词对应的英文单词。结果句子结构和单词的选用受到中文的影响, 自己感觉上也是 憋 得费劲, 或者觉得表达出来了, 意思差不多, 而实际上给人的感觉依然还是中文。若是让老外来看这篇作文的话, 也许根本就弄不清楚文章的内容, 而判卷的中国老师在判卷时往往能想象出文章是怎样写出来的。在这种情况下, 出路在于把中文译成英文时, 不要去追求一一对应的关系, 而应该 得其意, 忘其形。8. 语言表达简单化在写作时用简单的语言把复杂的意思表达出来也可谓之伟大。对于一个一时找不着词的概念, 应该用一种迂回曲折的方式把意思表达清楚。 或用一个短语, 或用一个从句, 或三言两语, 如果没出什么语言错误的话, 这也算是一种伟大! 9. 处于被动危害大很多人在写作过程中从头至尾都处于被动状态, 当有内容想要表达清楚的时候, 却又发现种种途径都不可能表达好, 只好硬着头皮把自己意识到没把握的东西勉强写上去。毫无疑问, 这种连自己都意识到可能是错误的东西, 只会产生于己不利的负面作用。所以,当有的内容感觉一点找不着、英语实在表达不清楚的时候, 就应该彻底地放弃。开动脑筋多想几点内容、理由和措施, 假设想到四条理由,但因为语言表达的问题, 其中一条理由说不清楚, 那么就应当机立断地把它放弃, 写上另外三点理由就可以了 (或许两点就够了)。由此可见, 积极主动的态度会使自己在考试中有更大的灵活性。. 写作得分技巧1. 词语的写作技巧任何一篇文章的结构层次都是由词素构成词，词构成词组，词组构成句子，句子形成段落，段落组成篇章。简明地可表达为“词素词词组句子段落篇章。这里，最主要的四个部分是词、句子、段落和篇章结构。任何一篇文章都离不开这四个组成部分。要写好一篇文章必须抓好这四个环节。词汇是写作的基本语言单位。写出一篇好的作文需要有相当数量的词汇量做基础。四级学生掌握了大纲要求的36004000个词汇，就足够可以按照要求写出短文。但是从卷面分析来看。许多学生对词汇掌握不牢，表现在不会正确拼写，选词不当，运用词汇表达主题思想不够准确。因此，考生在考试过程中，要尽量使用简单明了、通俗易懂的表达方法，在选词上要多加思量，以便符合英语的表达习惯，恰当地表达短文的主题。要在四级写作中驾驭好词汇，大家要注意以下几个方面：1) 正确使用词语是写作的基本原则。初学英语的人常会不自觉地受汉语的影响而误将汉语的词义和英语的词义等同，导致用词错误。如 “看书” 写成look at books；“好好学习，天天向上” 写成good good study，day day up等，造成了许多笑话。要解决这个问题，平时就得加强写作训练。写作是个慢功夫，冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。另外，要加强阅读的训练，阅读和写作是相辅相成的。 “熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会凑” 就是这个道理。 2) 选择恰当的词语有效地表达思想，也是作文重要的一个方面。汉语 “大河、大楼?大树，大爷，大学” 等词语中的 “大” 字，绝不能在英语中用一个 “big” 来表达所有的词义的。四级词汇考试中让考生在A、B、C、D四个词中选一最佳答案，目的就是检测学生能否恰当地使用词语。要提高驾驭词语的能力，做到可以在一定范围内挑选较为恰当的词语理准确和生动地表达思想，平常学习时就要注意汲取有用的词语，多多揣摩，并尝试在平时的习作中加以使用。同时，对学过的词语多加归类比较，分清同义词、近义词的细微差别，自然会逐渐提高表达能力。3) 用好前后缀。在四级考试中，有些考生尽可能地想使用一些长词、大词来证明自己的写作实力。其实这样做反而不好。 四级大纲的词汇多是常用词。绝大多数学生的作文都不属于正式文体。如果在一般写作时也套用正规词语，夹杂一些 “大词”、“难词”，读起来会使人觉得不伦不类，甚至很别扭。其实，如果把单词的前后缀用好了，是最能证明一个人驾驭词语的能力的。如I am not able to do it，就不如I am unable to do it更贴切。另外，考生们由于词汇贫乏，写作考试时，往往会反复使用一两个词，这也会使之章单调无味的。写作时，有些关键词是要反复使用的，但加上前后缀就使整个文章活了起来。例如：He arrived earlyHis arrival filled us with joy4) 多用词组。与汉语一样，英语的成语和短语词组也是千锤百炼经过时间考验的，也是最具生命力和表现力的。我们发现，考生的作文，虽然意思可以看明白，但语言上总是在绕弯子，不直接了当。事实证明：适当和正确地使用短语，能使作文更生动，更具有表达力，也更能证明考生的语言驾驭能力。 例如：在But scientists have not found any satisfactory solution to the problem of the air pollution一句中，如果将found一词改为come up with这一词组就更有表达力了。5）Play safe。在写作中，有些同学遇到不会写的单词，就用汉字代替，有的用拼音代替，还有些考生故意将不会写的单词拼写得很模糊，使其难于辨认。这些做法都是不可取的，也都将被视为拼写错误，甚至语法错误而扣分的。思维再好，没有正确的语言表达，也只能是茶壶里的饺子。而作文是一种语言考试，所以，在考试中，再好的意思，如无恰当的词语能表达，最好的办法是放弃，转而思考别的路子。2. 句子的写作技巧句子是较完整地和准确地表达思想进行交际的依托。 好短文中句子不仅要符合英语语法规范、语义完整、表达简洁，而且句型要稍有交替变化，句子间要用连接词衔接，以确保句意连贯顺畅。一般说来，好句子应该具备以下几个条件：句意的完整统一性；句子的连贯一致性；词语的洗炼性；中心表意的明确性；句式的多样性以及音韵的和谐性。其中前四个条件是最为重要的基本条件。写好句子，应注意以下几个方面：1) 写完整的句子，勿用残缺句。一个在语法上完整的英语句子至少包含一个主语和一个谓语。及物动词必须带一个宾语，而系动词则须有表语。英语的句子千变万化，但基本的句子结构只有以下5种。 (1) 主语 + 谓语 如：They came (2) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 如：He wrote a letter (3) 主语 + 谓语 + 间宾 + 直宾 如：She asked me a few questions (4) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补 如：We made him our monitor (5) 主语 + 系词 + 表语 如：He is a student好的厨师是第一个食客。考生也应该成为自己作文的第一个读者，认真读一遍自己的作文。如果考生写完后能检查一下每个句子的成分是否齐备, 那么，写作过程中出现的残残缺句和溶合句是可以得到避免的，也不会犯重大语法错误了。例如:(1) It is wasting time for him.(2) Because it is useful for the future.(3) Other reasons may in students themselves.2) 句子应有统一性，勿用融合句。所谓句子的完整统一性，是指一个句子应该具有一个单一的、完整的思想。例如:(1) There are many people like sports.(2) Some of them choose courses they are interested in, others choose courses according to their need.(3) After a year university study, I find the courses are really useful, they help us to know more about the outside world, give us freedom and space.最好只用两个句子的组合。并列句用好用对and和but；状语从句使其符合汉语的偏正复合句；定语从句指代清楚。例如:(1) Im a students，and Im from Jiangsu.(2) If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good results.(3) When our teacher had left, the heated discussion then ended.(4) Because the decision recognizes the rights of students, so they all welcome it.(5) Students all welcome the decision which recognizes their rights.3）句式应有变化，不能只写简单句。写作时，我们句子提倡简练，但不是说都用简单句。有人认为在写作考试中，采用简单句、短句、容易掌握，不在会出错，因而也最保险。这话没有错，但简单句用得太多，造成简单句的堆彻实际上是语言技巧不成熟、不老练，甚至语言水平低下的表现。在阅卷人员看来，同样的意思内容，一个考生能够运用比较复杂的句子结构来表达，其语言水平当然要比只会用简单句来表达的考生的语言水平高出一截， 就是有点错也不妨碍他比后者取得较高的分数，因为他的难度系数要高。在某种意义上来说，在词数相同的作文中，语言水平越高，语言技巧越熟练，句子的数目也就越少。这就意味着句子长了，句子结构复杂了。过多地使用简单句就会使作文显得松散单调，且令人感到混乱、无感染力。同样的内容，考生若能恰当地运用连接词把单句有机地联起来，并注意长句、短句、简单句、并列句和复合句等句型的交替使用，句意才会完整连贯、生动耐读。请对比下面两例：例1：A lot of talented people，especially young people are at the bottom of the hierarchy. It is unfair. People think they are old enough for the position and they can get promoted. That takes them twenty or even thirty years (此段语意完整性较差，各句子间连接松散，读来无味。)例2：It is unfair that a lot of talented people，especially young people are at the bottom of the hierarchy. It takes 20 or even 30 years for them to get promoted when they are thought to be old enough for the position. (此段经修改后语意连贯完整，符合英语的逻辑思维和表达习惯)如果一篇作文的句子都用单调的句型，没有长句和短句。简单句和复合句以及其它句式的适当变化或穿插，则作文会显得呆板，不能引起读者的兴趣，也肯定会影响作文的得分。因此，在不影响正确表达意思的前提下，适当地运用不同的句式可以使句子更生动，更富于表达力。51Tes当然，我们反对过多地使用简单句并不是鼓励学生去刻意追求长句、复杂句。我们追求的是句子结构的多变。一篇文章能根据表达的内容使用不同的句子结构，会产生较好的艺术效果。e例1:，The Career I PursueA variety of reasons have led me to choose this occupation over other more lucrative ones. First, teaching is learning. To make my lectures more interesting, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the worldthe very thing I like to do in my life. Second, teaching means freedom. As a teacher, I can freely express my opinions and explain them in my own way since nobody will interfere with me.Finally, I like teaching because it offers a certain peace of mind. No more rushing to catching a morning bus, no more anxiety to please a boss, and no more worries about being laid off because you are getting old.51Tes文中有4个词的短句First, teaching is learning. 也有27个词的长句To make my lectures more interesting, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the worldthe very thing I like to do in my life. 有简单句, 也有复杂句As a teacher, I can freely express my opinions and explain them in my own way since nobody will interfere with me. 还有同位语句，断裂句，排比句，比较句等, 因而文章读起来节奏感强。所谓句子变化，主要是指句子的开头要有变化，句子的