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Renaissance overvieworiginscharacteristicsThethreegeniusesofRenaissance Overview 14th 17thcenturiesculturalmovementEuropeanBeginninginItalyliterature philosophyart music politics science religion Origins 13thcenturyItalyFlorencePeoplelosttheirfaithinthechurchandbegantoputmorefocusonhumanbeingsandmaterialpossessions SocialandpoliticalstructuresinItaly TheuniquepoliticalstructuresoflateMiddleAgesItalyhaveledsometotheorizethatitsunusualsocialclimateallowedtheemergenceofarareculturalefflorescence Italydidnotexistasapoliticalentityintheearlymodernperiod Instead itwasdividedintosmallercitystatesandterritories BeginningoftheRenaissance TheItalianRenaissancehadplacedhumanbeingsoncemoreinthecenteroflife sstageandinfusedthoughtandartwithhumanisticvalues IntimethestimulatingideascurrentinItalyspreadtootherareasandcombinedwithindigenousdevelopmentstoproduceaFrenchRenaissance anEnglishRenaissance andsoon WhytheRenaissanceemergedinItaly It sprosperoustradeandproductionofhandicraft It srichvarietyofurbansociallifecoincidingwiththeemergenceofmorecities ThewealthofculturepasseddownfromtheartisticandarchitecturalheritageofRomeandthefourthwastheuseofLatinasacommonlanguageintheItaliansociety CulturalconditionsinFlorence IthaslongbeenamatterofdebatewhytheRenaissancebeganinFlorence andnotelsewhereinItaly ScholarshavenotedseveralfeaturesuniquetoFlorentineculturallifewhichmayhavecausedsuchaculturalmovement Lorenzode Medici rulerofFlorenceandpatronofarts Characteristics HumanismArtScience WhytheRenaissancebeganinFlorence ManyhaveemphasizedtheroleplayedbytheMedici abankingfamilyandlaterducalrulinghouse inpatronizingandstimulatingthearts Lorenzode Medici 1449 1492 wasthecatalystforanenormousamountofartspatronage encouraginghiscountrymentocommissionworksfromFlorence sleadingartists includingLeonardodaVinci SandroBotticelli andMichelangeloBuonarroti WorksbyNeridiBicci SandroBotticelli LeonardodaVinciandFilippinoLippihadbeencommissionedadditionallybytheconventdiSanDonatoagliScopetioftheAugustiniansorderinFlorence Humanism Thehumanistsbelievedthatitisimportanttotranscendtotheafterlifewithaperfectmindandbody Thistranscendingbeliefcanbedonewitheducation Thepurposeofhumanismwastocreateauniversalmanwhosepersoncombinedintellectualandphysicalexcellenceandwhowascapableoffunctioninghonorablyinvirtuallyanysituation Thisideologywasreferredtoastheuomouniversale anancientGreco Romanideal TheeducationduringRenaissancewasmainlycomposedofancientliteratureandhistory Itwasthoughtthattheclassicsprovidedmoralinstructionandanintensiveunderstandingofhumanbehavior PicodellaMirandola HewrotethefamousOrationontheDignityofMan whichhasbeencalledthe ManifestooftheRenaissance Art Thedevelopmentofperspectivewaspartofawidertrendtowardsrealisminthearts Tothatend paintersalsodevelopedothertechniques studyinglight shadow and famouslyinthecaseofLeonardodaVinci humananatomy Underlyingthesechangesinartisticmethod wasareneweddesiretodepictthebeautyofnature andtounraveltheaxiomsofaesthetics withtheworksofLeonardo MichelangeloandRaphaelrepresentingartisticpinnaclesthatweretobemuchimitatedbyotherartists Michelangelo stombintheBasilicaofSantaCroce Florence science Oneimportantdevelopmentwasnotanyspecificdiscovery butratherthefurtherdevelopmentoftheprocessfordiscovery thescientificmethod Itfocusedonempiricalevidence theimportanceofmathematics anddiscardedAristotelianscience EarlyandinfluentialproponentsoftheseideasincludedCopernicus Galileo andFrancisBacon 65 66 Thenewscientificmethodledtogreatcontributionsinthefieldsofastronomy physics biology andanatomy GalileoGalilei PortraitincrayonbyRenaissancesculptorLeoneLeoni LeonardodaVinciMichelangeloRaffaelloSanzio ThethreegeniusesofRenaissance DaVinci MonaLisa TheMonaLisaisthemostfamousmasterpiece It sdaVinci shighestartisticachievement DaVinci suniqueartisticlanguageistheuseoflightandshadetocreateathree dimensionalsenseoftheimageoftheplane Heoncesaid thegreatestmiracleofpainting istomakethepictureshowingaconcaveandconvex DaVincihasshownaveryhightalentinpaintingsincechildhood sohisfathersenthimtothepaintingworkshoptolearnpainting Beforethestartofthestudy theteacherletdaVincipracticepaintinganeggformanydays MonaLisa FinallyDaVincigotimpatient hethoughttheteacherlookeddownuponhim Aftertheteacherreadhisthoughts hetolddaVinciatruth Therearenotwothingsexactlythesameintheworld evenisthesamething duetothedifferentpointofviewandlight DaVinciissuddenlyenlighted sincethen hebegantrainingbasicpaintingskills learningallkindsofartandscientificknowledge allthishadlaidasolidfoundationforhislateroutstandingachievements Astronomy DaVincitakeanegativeviewtothepoint Earthisthecenteroftheuniverse HisviewispresentedearlierthanHeliocentrictheory Meachine HefindtheFrictiondefinitionbyexperiments Throughhisstudyofthebirds wingmovement hedesignaAircraftin1493forthefirsttime Robot Hedesignaprimaryrobotbydissectingbodies Madeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofanatomy Architecture Inarchitecture healsoshowedaremarkabletalent Hedesignedbridges churches citystreetsandcitybuildings Inthedesignofthecitystreets heseparatepathsandsidewalks Whendesigningurbanarchitecture itrequirestheheightofthehouseandthestreetwidth Military Heinventedthetanks floatingsnowshoes divingsuits submarinesandhelicopters MadeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofMilitary Michelangelo Agreatartist Name Michelangelo Life March1475 February1564 laterenaissance Knownfor Sculpture painting architecture andpoetry Nationality Italy MichelangelowasborninFlorence whereitwasthecradleoftheRenaissance Sohehadbeeninfluencedbytheartfromhewasachild AndundertheprotectionofFlorence srulers hereceiveagoodarteducation HelefthometoRomeWhenhewas26yearsold InRome hemade mourningofChrist statueforSt Peter sChurch Duetotheproductiontooexquisite peopleevennotbelievethatitwasdidbyMichelangelo Sohelefthissignatureonthebottomofthestatue Andthisistheonlywithhissignature Thethemeoftheworkistakenfromthebiblicalstory AfterChristJesuswascrucifiedonthecross themotherMaryMariacryingwhileholdingthebodyofChrist Fromthestatue wecanseethedeadChristreposeinthekneeoftheVirginMary virginoverlookingherson hereyesfilledwithsorrowandpity TheexpressionofMaryissilentandcomplex notonlypoursilentgriefandprayfullwithsad IthasfarexceededtheChristianfaith whichisakindoffilledwithfeelingsofmankind sthegreatestandthemostnoblelove Michelangelo sachievementinsculptureisnoonecancompare Buthespentmostofhisafterlifeinthebuilding Duringthisperiod hecreatedalotofworksknowntotheworld especiallyintheaspectofmuralpainting Therightisthelastworkofhim TheLastJudgement Themostrepresentativeworksofhimwasahugepainting GenesiszenithwhichwascreatedforSistineChapelinRome Thecreationofthisworklastedformorethanfouryears Thereare343charactersinpicturewhichisconsistof9centralpaintingandanumberofdecorativepainting MichelangelodiedinRomein1564 Heisirasciblenotgregarious buthe sagreatartist Hisworkshaveinfluencedforseveralcenturies MichelangelorepresentsthehighestpeakoftheartofsculptureintheRenaissanceperiodinEurope Thestatueofhischaracteroftenlooklikewithmajesticstrong ambitiousspirit fullofinfinitepower Hislargenumberofworksshowstheunusualidealprocessingthatbasisontherealistic asatypicalsymboloftheera Hisartisticcreationisofteninarealisticwayandromanticfantasy theperformanceofthecivilclassofpatriotismandthespiritofthestruggleforfreedom Raphael 1483 1520 RaphaelwasanItalianpainterandarchitectoftheHighRenaissance Hisworkisadmiredforitsclarityofformandeaseofcompositionandforitsvisualachievementoftheidealofhumangrandeur Raphael 1483 1520 Raphaelwasenormouslyproductive runninganunusuallylargeworkshopand despitehisdeathat37 leavingalargebodyofwork Hiscareerfallsnaturallyintothreephasesandthreestyles Raphael 1483 1520 Abrilliantself portraitdrawingfromhisteenageyearsshowshisprecocioustalent RaphaelatleastworkedasanassistanttoPeruginofr