2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题,外销员考试真题14.pdf

国际商务英语 名词解释 World company A multinational company whose national identity has been blurred Middleman trader Person through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer Clean credit 光票信用证 credit only require clean draft which isn t accompanied with shipping documents The documentary credit 跟单信用证 The credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft Revocable credit 可撤消信用证 The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary Irrevocable credit 不可撤消信用证 The credit that can not be amended or revoked without the consent of al the parties concerned Confirmed credit 保兑信用证 The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank Unconfirmed credit 不保兑信用The credit isn t confirmed by another bank Sight credit 即期信用证 The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft Usance credit Term credit Time credit 远期信用证 The credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of after sight Transferable credit 可转让信用证 The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties Non transferable credit 不可转让信用证 The credit can not be transferred Non draft credit 无汇票信用证 The credit that payment of to be made by presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft Revolving credit 循环信用证 The credit stipulated that its amount can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made Commercial invoice 商业发票 The document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price The contents Invoice number and the date name and address of the buyer and the seller contract number and credit number description of the goods including name of the commodity quantity specifications etc unit price total price price terms and commission and discount if any terms of delivery and terms of payment packing shipping marks etc and seal or signature of the exporter Legal holder 合法持有人 is an owner of a property who is entitled to it by law Packing list 装 箱 单 The documents gives information such as the number date name and description of the goods shipping marks packing number of packages specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc Straight bill of lading 记名提单 It is made out so that only the named consignee is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill Common carrier 公共承运人 It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination Contract carrier 契约承运人 Individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers the transportation company Transportation and freight transportation 运输和货物运输 In broad sense transportation is defined as movement of freight and passengers from one location place to another In a formal sense freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effects of such movement on the development and advancement of business Insured 被保险人保户 The person who transfer risk Insurer 承 保 人 The person or a company who assume risk the insurance company the underwriter premiumthe amount paid by all insured for coverage under the contract Known premium 已知的保险费 is the cost the insured should have to pay the insurance company for the insured goods Cargo insurance 货物保险 It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exports and importers and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk bearing underwriters Marine insurance 海上保险 The insurance of ships and their cargoes Insurance 保险 It is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk Indemnity 赔偿原则 A contract of insurance restores a person who suffered a loss into the same position as he war in before the loss occurred Subrogate subrogation is of enormous importance in cargo insurance the word Subrogate means to take the place of another Insurable interest 可保利益 It holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest in it Which means that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit form its preservation but if it is any way damaged or lost the assured will be adversely affect Principle of utmost good faith 最大诚信原则The people who decide what premium is fair for a particular cover do so on the basis of written statements made in a proposal form Contribution 分摊原则 It holds that a person cannot be allowed to insure twice for the same risk and claim compensation from both insurers If two policies do cover the same event the insurance companies contribute pro rata to the loss and the insured is only restored to the indemnity position Proximate cause of the loss 近因原则 It means that when an insurance policy is made out to cover a certain risk a claim becomes payable only if that risk occurred as the proximate closest cause of the loss suffered The proximate cause is the direct cause of the loss Shortfall means the shortage of amount or values of certain goods Exchange rate 汇率 兑换率 It refers to the price at which one currency can be exchange for another currency Direct quote quotation汇率直接标价 A direct exchange rate is the price of a foreign currency in terms of the home currency 1 美元 6 8 元 外币为基准 Indirect quote quotation汇率间接标价 An indirect exchange rate is the price of home currency in terms of a foreign currency Buying rate 买入价 It refers to the rate by which a commercial bank buys a currency Selling rate 卖出价 It is the rate by which a bank sells a currency Medial rate 中间价 It is the average of the buying rate and the selling rate SDR 特别提款权 Special Drawing Right It is sometimes called paper gold and used to settle official transaction at the IMF Greenfield strategy 绿地战略 Building new enterprises on land bought or leased in a foreign country Acquisition 并购 Purchasing existing facilities is known as acquisition It does not have to start from scratch and face the difficulties in the greenfield strategy But it has to take responsibilities for all the liabilities of the purchased firm and deal with existing problems in management labor relations environmental protection obligations etc Joint venture A joint venture is an independent business entity founded and owned by two or more partners called parents The proportions of ownership between the partners may be equal or unequal depending on their respective investments that are mostly in the form of capital but may also be in land equipment or intellectual property Most favored nation treatment 最惠国 A treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country GSP 普 惠 制 Generalized System of Preferences Under the system developed countries grant developing countries favorable lower tariffs without granting them to developed members And the developing countries do not have to reciprocate such favorable treatment to the developed countries So the GSP is an important exception to the non discrimination principle of MFN Anti dumping 反倾销 to restrict the export expansion of other countries Intellectual property Gold reserves Dirty float 肮脏浮动 管理浮动 International licensing Tariff concession list It refers to the list of commodities on which the deduced tariff rate is stipulated Compound duty a type of tariff levied according both the amounts and the prices of the commodities Customs cleance as to customs clearance for ordinary imported goods the customs will sign on the shipping documents to release the goods But for some particular duty free goods or bonded goods the customs still have control over it after the consignee acknowledged the receipt of shipmentInsurance is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provide a payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism Those who transfer risk are called insured Those who assume risk are called insurers Standby arrangements That s the standby credit arrangement given by IMF to its member countries Escape clause It s a clause of contemporary canceling of the preferential tariff when some domestic industries are damaged because in bilateral and multilateral negotiations and agreements there are excessive importing commodities that enjoy the deduction of tariff and other trade allowance for the contracting parties Non trade settlement mainly means the settlement which occurs not because of trade between the trading parties but of the other reasons such as the government agreement Intermediate products are products which are not the same as the raw materials or as the finished goods They can be called semi finished products Counter trade is the generic terms to describe a set of cross border contracts which link a seller s exports to imports from the buyer Intra MNE transfer refers to the transfer among the different units within the range and under the control of MNC Fair trade refers to the trade conducted by two parties on the equal treatment Consular visa is a visa signed by one country s consul in another country when the visaed subject is about to go through the customs between these two countries Contribution A person can not be allowed to insure twice for the same risk and claim compensation from both insurers If two policies do cover the same event the insurance companies contribute pro rata to the loss and the insured is only restored to the indemnity position The most favoured nation clause It is most effective method to avoid the damage by bilateral talks to the world trade Countries can automatically enjoy the favorable tariffs given by the relevant countries to the other countries Consignment trade is a kind of trade in which the seller ships his goods abroad and his agent in that country will sell the goods for him and the title to the goods still belongs to the seller before the goods are sold Productivity is a ratio figure which indicates how much inputs should be needed to produce the goods It is a sensitive index to measure the economic growth of one industry or of one nation Group of 77 It s a group initiated by some countries in Asia Africa and Latin America in order to maintain their interests and protest the deprivation of the imperialist countries At present the group of 77 countries has expanded to include more than 100 countries and regions IDA refers to the international Development association established in 1960 to provide financial assistance primarily in the poorer developing countries and on terms that would bear less heavily on their balance of payments Transportation deregulation has removed the shackles of control both shippers and carriers are fr